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Thresholding of networks has long posed a challenge in brain connectivity analysis. Weighted networks are typically binarized using threshold measures to facilitate network analysis. Previous studies on MRI-based brain networks have predominantly utilized density or sparsity-based thresholding techniques, optimized within specific ranges derived from network metrics such as path length, clustering coefficient, and small-world index. Thus, determination of a single threshold value for facilitating comparative analysis of networks remains elusive. To address this, our study introduces Mutual K-Nearest Neighbor (MKNN)-based thresholding for brain network analysis. Here, nearest neighbor selection is based on the highest correlation between features of brain regions. Construction of brain networks was accomplished by computing Pearson correlations between grey matter volume and white matter volume for each pair of brain regions. Structural MRI data from 180 Parkinsons patients and 70 controls from the NIMHANS, India were analyzed. Subtypes within Parkinsons disease were identified based on grey and white matter volume atrophy using source-based morphometric decomposition. The loading coefficients were correlated with clinical features to discern clinical relationship with the deciphered subtypes. Our data-mining approach revealed: Subtype A (N = 51, intermediate type), Subtype B (N = 57, mild-severe type with mild motor symptoms), and Subtype AB (N = 36, most-severe type with predominance in motor impairment). Subtype-specific weighted matrices were binarized using MKNN-based thresholding for brain network analysis. Permutation tests on network metrics of resulting bipartite graphs demonstrated significant group differences in betweenness centrality and participation coefficient. The identified hubs were specific to each subtype, with some hubs conserved across different subtypes., Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables

We propose a novel algorithm called Unique Brain Network Identification Number, UBNIN for encoding the brain networks of individual subjects. To realize this objective, we employed structural MRI on 180 Parkinsons disease PD patients and 70 healthy controls HC from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India. We parcellated each subjects brain volume and constructed an individual adjacency matrix using the correlation between the gray matter volumes of every pair of regions. The unique code is derived from values representing connections for every node i, weighted by a factor of 2^1-i. The numerical representation UBNIN was observed to be distinct for each individual brain network, which may also be applied to other neuroimaging modalities. This model may be implemented as a neural signature of a persons unique brain connectivity, thereby making it useful for brainprinting applications. Additionally, we segregated the above datasets into five age cohorts to study the variation in network topology over age. Sparsity was adopted as the threshold estimate to binarize each age-based correlation matrix. For each age cohort, a decreasing trend was observed in the mean clustering coefficient with increasing sparsity. Significantly different clustering coefficients were noted in PD between age cohort B and C, C and E, and in HC between E and B, E and C, E and D, and C and D. Our findings suggest network connectivity patterns change with age, indicating network disruption may be due to the underlying neuropathology. Varying clustering coefficients for different cohorts indicate that information transfer between neighboring nodes changes with age. This provides evidence of age related brain shrinkage and network degeneration. We also discuss limitations and provide an open-access link to software codes and a help file for the entire study., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures,1 algorithm, 1 main table, 1 appendix table