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Objectives:: To compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography and CBCT against CT in detecting orbital floor fractures., Methods:: A total of 120 orbits with clinical suspicion of isolated orbital floor fractures underwent multislice CT scanning with coronal reconstruction; orbital ultrasonography using a standard machine equipped with a 7- to 10-MHz linear transducer; and CBCT. Patients with severe head and face injuries were not included. The diagnostic performance of ultrasonography and CBCT was reported assuming conventional CT as the imaging method of choice., Results:: According to CT findings, fractures of the floor were present in 39 orbits. The sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value and negative-predictive value of ultrasonography in detecting orbital floor fractures were 87.2%, 100%, 100% and 94.2%, respectively. The corresponding values for CBCT were 97.4%, 97.5%, 95.0%, and 98.8%, respectively. Areas under the receiver operator characteristics curves of orbital floor fracture detection were 0.94 for ultrasonography and 0.98 for CBCT., Conclusions:: When conventional CT cannot be performed in patients with clinically suspected orbital floor fracture and no severe or complex head and face injuries, CBCT could be used in detecting fractures as a reliable surrogate. Because of a lower sensitivity of ultrasonography, however, its use is limited in this regard.

Introduction: Approximately 25% of people with diabetes will experience diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) during their lifetime. The present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of diabetic foot infection among patients with DFUs and to identify the microorganisms isolated from the DFUs. This study also aimed to determine predisposing factors contributing to these infections at the authors' wound care clinic at the Rajaii and Velayat University Hospitals in Qazvin, Iran., Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 500 patients with diabetes mellitus between May 2011 and April 2013 at the authors' wound care clinic in Qazvin, Iran. All demographic, clinical, and laboratory data such as age, sex, duration of diabetes (years), duration of DFUs before inclusion in the study, size of ulcer (cm2), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and results of ulcer culture were collected for each case. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant., Results: Overall, 54 (11%) patients with infected ulcers were found in the present study. Among patients with infected DFUs, the most commonly isolated microorganism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which infected 35% of patients, followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 19% of patients, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in 6% of patients. Additionally, in the multivariable logistic regression model, age > 65 years, ulcer size > 2 cm2, and HbA1c > 7% were associated with the occurrence of an infection in DFUs., Conclusion: Periodic examination of the feet of patients with diabetes is necessary. In addition, to decrease the prevalence of infected DFUs, more attention to the described risk factors is recommended.

Objective: To examine the possible associations between Demodex folliculorum and a number of skin diseases., Methods: Standardized skin surface biopsy samples were obtained from the cheeks of 144 patients with histopathologically proven basal cell carcinoma (BCC, n = 27), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 28), melanoma (n = 23), discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE, n = 32), and rosacea (n = 34). Thirty-four sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Mite density (per cm2) and infestation (density ≥ 5) were compared between the controls and patients., Results: Mite infestation rates (%) did not differ significantly between the controls (20.6) and patients with BCC (22.2, p = 0.88), SCC (17.9, p = 0.79), melanoma (4.3, p = 0.08), and DLE (21.9, p = 0.90). Compared with the controls, the mite infestation rate was significantly higher in patients with rosacea (47.1, p = 0.02, odds ratio: 3.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.18-9.99). The mean mite density did not differ significantly between the controls (4.11 ± 2.17) and patients with BCC (5.34 ± 2.35, p = 0.75), SCC (3.57 ± 2.01, p = 0.38), and DLE (3.56 ± 1.34, p = 0.83), whereas it was significantly higher in patients with rosacea (8.78 ± 3.58, p = 0.02) and lower in patients with melanoma (1.89 ± 0.69, p = 0.02)., Conclusions: D. folliculorum may be associated with rosacea and melanoma but not with BCC, SCC, or DLE.