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2. Bondi accretion in the finite luminous region of elliptical galaxies

Author

Samadi, M., Zangeneh, S., and Abbassi, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The classical Bondi model is adopted to study accretion onto the finite luminous region around the central massive black hole (MBH) in an elliptical galaxy. Unlike Bondi (1952), we define the boundary conditions at a certain finite radius ($r_f$) instead of at the infinity and examine the variation of solutions for a simple case. In the following, we consider the special case of an MBH at the center of a Hernquist galaxy and involve the gravity and luminosity of its own galaxy. Our results in the first part show that kinetic energy at the final radius is ignorable even for not so far away from the center. Moreover, the mass accretion rate will be approximately equal to its Bondi value if the final radius ($r_f$) becomes about 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than semi-Bondi radius, i.e. $GM/c_{sf}^2$ (where $M$ and $c_{sf}$ are the mass of the central object and the sound speed at $r_f$). In the second part, adding the two extra forces of gravity and radiation in the momentum equation let us know that the maximum possible of accretion rate increases with a greater characteristic linear density of galaxy and lower radiation. e.g., Comment: e.g.: 10 pages, 8 Figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2019
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3. Therapeutic Applications of Oxysterols and Derivatives in Age-Related Diseases, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancers

Author

Lizard, G, Ksila, M, Ghzaiel, I, Sassi, K, Zarrouk, A, Leoni, V, Poli, G, Rezig, L, Pires, V, Meziane, S, Atanasov, A, Hammami, S, Hammami, M, Masmoudi-Kouki, O, Hamdi, O, Jouanny, P, Samadi, M, Vejux, A, Ghrairi, T, Ksila M., Ghzaiel I., Sassi K., Zarrouk A., Leoni V., Poli G., Rezig L., Pires V., Meziane S., Atanasov A. G., Hammami S., Hammami M., Masmoudi-Kouki O., Hamdi O., Jouanny P., Samadi M., Vejux A., Ghrairi T., Lizard G., Lizard, G, Ksila, M, Ghzaiel, I, Sassi, K, Zarrouk, A, Leoni, V, Poli, G, Rezig, L, Pires, V, Meziane, S, Atanasov, A, Hammami, S, Hammami, M, Masmoudi-Kouki, O, Hamdi, O, Jouanny, P, Samadi, M, Vejux, A, Ghrairi, T, Ksila M., Ghzaiel I., Sassi K., Zarrouk A., Leoni V., Poli G., Rezig L., Pires V., Meziane S., Atanasov A. G., Hammami S., Hammami M., Masmoudi-Kouki O., Hamdi O., Jouanny P., Samadi M., Vejux A., Ghrairi T., and Lizard G.

Abstract

Oxysterols, resulting from the oxidation of cholesterol, are formed either by autoxidation, enzymatically, or by both processes. These molecules, which are provided in more or less important quantities depending on the type of diet, are also formed in the body and their presence is associated with a normal physiological activity. Their increase and decrease at the cellular level and in biological fluids can have significant consequences on health due or not to the interaction of some of these molecules with different types of receptors but also because oxysterols are involved in the regulation of RedOx balance, cytokinic and non-cytokinic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and induction of cell death. Currently, various pathologies such as age-related diseases, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and several cancers are associated with abnormal levels of oxysterols. Due to the important biological activities of oxysterols, their interaction with several receptors and their very likely implications in several diseases, this review focuses on these molecules and on oxysterol derivatives, which are often more efficient, in a therapeutic context. Currently, several oxysterol derivatives are developed and are attracting a lot of interest.

Published
2024

13. Adherence to Healthy Eating Index-2015 and severity of disease in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19: a cross sectional study

Author

Parastouei, Karim, Shokooee Jud, S, Sepandi, M, Abbaszadeh, S, Samadi, M, Meftahi, GH, and Taghdir, M

Abstract

IntroductionProper nutrition can play an important role in preventing and improving disease progression in patients with COVID-19. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) is one of the most common measures used to assess overall nutritional quality. This research aimed to identify the relationship between the HEI-2015 score and disease severity in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 295 hospitalised military patients (retired military and military reserve) with COVID-19. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food intake. To evaluate the quality of the diet, the HEI-2015 score was calculated. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to measure the association between HEI-2015 scores and disease severity (intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of hospital stay greater than 4 days) in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19.ResultsThe mean HEI-2015 score was significantly higher in non-ICU patients than in ICU patients (58.39±15.02 vs 53.54±15.65, p=0.01). After adjusting for possible confounding factors including age, sex, comorbidities, calorie intake, body mass index and physical activity, adherence to HEI-2015 inversely related to ICU admission (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.00) and length of hospital stay of more than 4 days (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.00) in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19, although statistically not significant.ConclusionsAccording to the results of the study, adherence to HEI-2015 inversely related to both ICU admission and length of hospital stay in hospitalised military patients with COVID-19, although it was not statistically significant.

Published
2024
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18. 7-Ketocholesterol: Effects on viral infections and hypothetical contribution in COVID-19

Author

Ghzaiel, I, Sassi, K, Zarrouk, A, Nury, T, Ksila, M, Leoni, V, Bouhaouala-Zahar, B, Hammami, S, Hammami, M, Mackrill, J, Samadi, M, Ghrairi, T, Vejux, A, Lizard, G, Ghzaiel I., Sassi K., Zarrouk A., Nury T., Ksila M., Leoni V., Bouhaouala-Zahar B., Hammami S., Hammami M., Mackrill J. J., Samadi M., Ghrairi T., Vejux A., Lizard G., Ghzaiel, I, Sassi, K, Zarrouk, A, Nury, T, Ksila, M, Leoni, V, Bouhaouala-Zahar, B, Hammami, S, Hammami, M, Mackrill, J, Samadi, M, Ghrairi, T, Vejux, A, Lizard, G, Ghzaiel I., Sassi K., Zarrouk A., Nury T., Ksila M., Leoni V., Bouhaouala-Zahar B., Hammami S., Hammami M., Mackrill J. J., Samadi M., Ghrairi T., Vejux A., and Lizard G.

Abstract

7-Ketocholesterol, which is one of the earliest cholesterol oxidization products identified, is essentially formed by the auto-oxidation of cholesterol. In the body, 7-ketocholesterol is both provided by food and produced endogenously. This pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory molecule, which can activate apoptosis and autophagy at high concentrations, is an abundant component of oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins. 7-Ketocholesterol appears to significantly contribute to the development of age-related diseases (cardiovascular diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and Alzheimer's disease), chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and to certain cancers. Recent studies have also shown that 7-ketocholesterol has anti-viral activities, including on SARS-CoV-2, which are, however, lower than those of oxysterols resulting from the oxidation of cholesterol on the side chain. Furthermore, 7-ketocholesterol is increased in the serum of moderately and severely affected COVID-19 patients. In the case of COVID-19, it can be assumed that the antiviral activity of 7-ketocholesterol could be counterbalanced by its toxic effects, including pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant activities that might promote the induction of cell death in alveolar cells. It is therefore suggested that this oxysterol might be involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 by contributing to the acute respiratory distress syndrome and promoting a deleterious, even fatal outcome. Thus, 7-ketocholesterol could possibly constitute a lipid biomarker of COVID-19 outcome and counteracting its toxic effects with adjuvant therapies might have beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.

Published
2021

20. Variëren in toetsingsintensiteit? De rechterlijke toetsing van het strafvorderlijk optreden in het voorbereidend onderzoek

Author

Peters, J.A.F., Schlössels, R.J.N., Schutgens, R.J.B., Krommendijk, J., Terlouw, A.B., Bulten, C.D.J., Werf, E.G.A., Dubelaar, M.J., Samadi, M., Peters, J.A.F., Schlössels, R.J.N., Schutgens, R.J.B., Krommendijk, J., Terlouw, A.B., Bulten, C.D.J., Werf, E.G.A., Dubelaar, M.J., and Samadi, M.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 248397.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)

Published
2022

22. Variëren in toetsingsintensiteit? De rechterlijke toetsing van het strafvorderlijk optreden in het voorbereidend onderzoek

Author

Dubelaar, M.J., Samadi, M., Peters, J.A.F., Schlössels, R.J.N., Schutgens, R.J.B., Krommendijk, J., Terlouw, A.B., Bulten, C.D.J., and Werf, E.G.A.

Subjects
Grondslagen van het publiekrecht, Serie staat en recht, Principles of Public Law, Conflict solving institutions (transition), Sectorplan Rechtsgeleerdheid - Probleemoplossende instituties, Conflictoplossende instituties (overgangssituatie)
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 248397.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2022

25. Prevalence of Upper Gastrointestinal Lesions and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Upper Endoscopic Study of Renal Transplantation Candidates without GI Symptoms.

Author

Goshayeshi, L., Samadi, K., Zeraati, A. A., Samadi, M., Khooei, A., Akhlaghi, S., Zeraati, T., and Kazemi, Z.

Subjects
KIDNEY transplantation, HELICOBACTER pylori infections, KIDNEY transplant complications, SYMPTOMS, TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc., PEPTIC ulcer
Abstract

Background: Renal transplantation is the most effective therapeutic strategy in ESRD patients. One of the renal transplantation complications is gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic ulcers beside other upper gastrointestinal diseases that have a great impact on patients' morbidity and mortality. Objective: The present study is designed for endoscopic assessment of the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal lesions and also Helicobacter pylori infection in ESRD patients waiting for renal transplantation who have no GI symptoms. Methods: Our cross-sectional research was performed on 85 renal transplant candidates referred to organ transplantation center within 2016 to 2018. Patients who met inclusion criteria and didn't have exclusion criteria underwent upper endoscopy. We performed biopsies in each case and data were classified according to endoscopic results, Helicobacter pylori infection and pathologic findings. Results: In 53 patients (62%) there were significant endoscopic findings. Erosive gastroduodenitis (32.5%) was the most prevalent finding. Abnormal histopathologic findings were found in 73% of patients and Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in 48.2%. We found significant correlation between H. Pylori infection and abnormal pathology (p=0.04). Conclusion: Our results showed that asymptomatic gastrointestinal lesions and Helicobacter pylori infection were significantly prevalent in kidney transplant candidates thus routine upper endoscopy is recommended in them. This can result in early detection and treatment of gastric lesions before transplantation to prevent serious long-term complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

26. GULLY EXTRACTION AND MAPPING IN KAJOO-GARGAROO WATERSHED – COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DEM-BASED AND IMAGE-BASED MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM.

Author

Bokaei, M., Samadi, M., Hadavand, A., Moslem, A. P., Soufi, M., Bameri, A., and Sarvarinezhad, A.

Subjects
MACHINE learning, DIGITAL maps, AERIAL photography, DIGITAL mapping, DIGITAL elevation models, WATERSHEDS
Abstract

Monitoring and mapping eroded lands by gully erosion is an essential step to control gully networks. Advances in remote sensing and aerial photography have enabled users to capture data with variant temporal and spatial resolution that is needed in different fields. In addition, introducing different types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) enabled to carry imaging payload. The orthophoto and digital elevation model (DTM) produced from aerial images taken by Aeria-X camera mounted on Sensefly eBee-X drone was employed to identify and map eroded areas by gully in Kajoo-Gargaroo watershed in Chabahar, south-eastern part of Iran. Digitizing gully boarders manually is a tiring and time-consuming process for the operators. Maximum likelihood algorithm as one of the machine learning algorithm was also used to classify orthophoto in order to extract gully borders in the study area. In this study a new algorithm based on analysing geometric features and clustering of the DTM was used to map gullies automatically. The results of the proposed method and machine learning algorithm were compared with the manually digitized gully map. Quantitative evaluation demonstrates that our proposed method reaches better overall accuracy compared to machine learning algorithm with the increase of 7.2 percent in overall accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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30. Attenuation of 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced oxiapoptophagy by nutrients, synthetic molecules and oils: Potential for the prevention of age-related diseases

Author

Nury, T., primary, Yammine, A., additional, Ghzaiel, I., additional, Sassi, K., additional, Zarrouk, A., additional, Brahmi, F., additional, Samadi, M., additional, Rup-Jacques, S., additional, Vervandier-Fasseur, D., additional, Pais de Barros, J.P., additional, Bergas, V., additional, Ghosh, S., additional, Majeed, M., additional, Pande, A., additional, Atanasov, A., additional, Hammami, S., additional, Hammami, M., additional, Mackrill, J., additional, Nasser, B., additional, Andreoletti, P., additional, Cherkaoui-Malki, M., additional, Vejux, A., additional, and Lizard, G., additional

Published
2021
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32. Korte metten met politiegeweld? Een kritische reflectie op de lijn van de Hoge Raad inzake toepassing van artikel 359a Sv bij excessief politiegeweld

Author

Samadi, M., Dubelaar, M.J., and Pitcher, K.M.

Subjects
Grondslagen van het publiekrecht, Principles of Public Law, Conflict solving institutions (transition), Sectorplan Rechtsgeleerdheid - Probleemoplossende instituties, Conflictoplossende instituties (overgangssituatie)
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 232060.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Ongeoorloofd politiegeweld is een thema dat in het juridische domein de gemoederen bezighoudt. Het is tevens een ongemakkelijk thema. Een zeer menselijke reactie op dat ongemak is om weg te kijken of het gebeurde af te doen als ‘incident’ of ‘onregelmatigheid’, terwijl juist hier de symboolfunctie van de rechterlijke toets van groot belang is. In het recente overzichtsarrest maakt de Hoge Raad duidelijk dat aantijgingen van ernstig politiegeweld door de feitenrechter niet onbesproken mogen blijven, maar tegelijkertijd wordt verzuimd hiertegen krachtig stelling te nemen. Hierdoor rijst de vraag of feitenrechters dit probleem voldoende serieus zullen nemen, ook gelet op de gemengde signalen die van het recente arrest uitgaan. Ook als feitenrechters wel krachtig willen optreden, dan zijn hun handen grotendeels gebonden, nu de Hoge Raad uitdrukkelijk aanstuurt op strafvermindering en de feitenrechter weinig ruimte geeft zelf te bepalen wat een passend rechtsgevolg is. Strafvermindering doet echter niet in alle gevallen recht aan de belangen die op het spel staan. 18 maart 2021 7 p.

Published
2021

35. Normering en toezicht in de opsporing: Een onderzoek naar de normering van het strafvorderlijk optreden van opsporingsambtenaren in het voorbereidend onderzoek en het toezicht op de naleving van deze normen

Author

Samadi, M., Crijns, J.H., Dubelaar, M.J., Bleichrot, F.W., Cleiren, C.P.M., Harteveld, A.E., Stevens, L., and Leiden University

Subjects
Fair trial, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Prosecutorial conduct, Police, Prosecution
Abstract

The current body of law governing the conduct of police and prosecution during the investigative phase of criminal proceedings encompasses an enormous amount of rules. At the same time, a restrained approach with regard to the judicial supervisory role of investigative propriety is visible in case law while it remains unclear whether and to which extent other institutions have a supervisory role in this respect. This research looks at the current system of supervision on police and prosecutorial conduct in the context of criminal law proceedings from the viewpoint of criminal law standard. After all, creating rules for the conduct of law enforcement entails a certain obligation to ensure rule-compliance. After illustrating the complexity of the current legal framework as well as the complexity of reasons underlying its norms, the study focuses on the supervision of the conduct of police and prosecution. Based on the specific characteristics of the current Dutch criminal procedural law, the study develops a framework for an adequate system of supervision. The study then describes how currently supervision on police and prosecutorial conduct is organised and finally evaluates this in light of the requirements of adequate supervision as set out in previous chapter.

Published
2020

36. The flash crash: high-frequency trading in an electronic market

Author

Kirilenko, A, Kyle, AS, Samadi, M, Tuzun, T, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
3502 Banking, Finance and Investment, 3801 Applied Economics, 38 Economics, 1502 Banking, Finance And Investment, Finance, 35 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services
Abstract

© 2017 the American Finance Association We study intraday market intermediation in an electronic market before and during a period of large and temporary selling pressure. On May 6, 2010, U.S. financial markets experienced a systemic intraday event—the Flash Crash—where a large automated selling program was rapidly executed in the E-mini S&P 500 stock index futures market. Using audit trail transaction-level data for the E-mini on May 6 and the previous three days, we find that the trading pattern of the most active nondesignated intraday intermediaries (classified as High-Frequency Traders) did not change when prices fell during the Flash Crash.

Published
2020
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37. TET:an automated tool for evaluating suitable check-dam sites based on sediment trapping efficiency

Author

Rahmati, O. (Omid), Ghasemieh, H. (Hoda), Samadi, M. (Mahmood), Kalantari, Z. (Zahra), Tiefenbacher, J. P. (John P.), Nalivan, O. A. (Omid Asadi), Cerdà, A. (Artemi), Ghiasi, S. S. (Seid Saeid), Darabi, H. (Hamid), Torabi Haghighi, A. (Ali), and Tien Bui, D. (Dieu)

Subjects
Trap efficiency, Water quality, Sediment, Python language, GIS, Watershed management
Abstract

Sediment control is important for supplying clean water. Although check dams control sediment yield, site selection for check dams based on the sediment trapping efficiency (TE) is often complex and time-consuming. Currently, a multi-step trial-and-error process is used to find the optimal sediment TE for check dam construction, which limits this approach in practice. To cope with this challenge, we developed a user-friendly, cost- and time-efficient geographic information system (GIS)-based tool, the trap efficiency tool (TET), in the Python programming language. We applied the tool to two watersheds, the Hableh-Rud and the Poldokhtar, in Iran. To identify suitable sites for check dams, four scenarios (S1: TE ≥ 60%, S2: TE ≥ 70%, S3: TE ≥ 80%, S4: TE ≥ 90%) were tested. TET identified 189, 117, 96, and 77 suitable sites for building check dams in S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively, in the Hableh-Rud watershed, and 346, 204, 156, and 60 sites in S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively, in the Poldokhtar watershed. Evaluation of 136 existing check dams in the Hableh-Rud watershed indicated that only 10% and 5% were well-located and these were in the TE classes of 80–90% and ≥90%, respectively. In the Poldokhtar watershed, only 11% and 8% of the 207 existing check dams fell into TE classes 80–90% and ≥90%, respectively. Thus, the conventional approach for locating suitable sites at which check dams should be constructed is not effective at reaching suitable sediment control efficiency. Importantly, TET provides valuable insights for site selection of check dams and can help decision makers avoid monetary losses incurred by inefficient check-dam performance.

Published
2020

38. TET : An automated tool for evaluating suitable check-dam sites based on sediment trapping efficiency

Author

Rahmati, O., Ghasemieh, H., Samadi, M., Kalantari, Z., Tiefenbacher, J. P., Nalivan, O. A., Cerdà, A., Ghiasi, S. S., Darabi, H., Haghighi, A. T., Tien Bui, D., Rahmati, O., Ghasemieh, H., Samadi, M., Kalantari, Z., Tiefenbacher, J. P., Nalivan, O. A., Cerdà, A., Ghiasi, S. S., Darabi, H., Haghighi, A. T., and Tien Bui, D.

Abstract

Export Date: 3 January 2021; Article; CODEN: JCROE; Correspondence Address: Tien Bui, D.; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan UniversityViet Nam; email: buitiendieu@duytan.edu.vn

Published
2020
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39. Effects of treatment with haloperidol and clozapine on the plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones in rats

Author

Ulusu, Nuriye Nuray (ORCID 0000-0002-3173-1389 & YÖK ID 6807), Samadi, A.; Ziaee M.; Işıkhan, S.Y.; Samadi, M., School of Medicine, Ulusu, Nuriye Nuray (ORCID 0000-0002-3173-1389 & YÖK ID 6807), Samadi, A.; Ziaee M.; Işıkhan, S.Y.; Samadi, M., and School of Medicine

Abstract

Objectives: psychoactive drugs are group of compounds used to treat severe mental problems, including psychosis, as well as other conditions. This study assessed clinically relevant side effects of haloperidol and clozapine on the thyroid hormones. Methods: haloperidol (0.05 and 2 mg/kg) or clozapine (0.5 and 20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to male Wistar rats for 28 days. The control group received 2 ml of physiological saline. A chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to measure the plasma levels of thyroid hormones. Results: plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4) in rats treated with high-dose (2 mg/kg) of haloperidol decreased significantly compared to the control group (p=0.001). However, both low (0.5 mg/kg) and high clozapine (20 mg/kg) doses did not have a significant effect on the plasma concentrations of T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) (p>0.05). Neither of the compound had a significant effect on T3 plasma concentration levels (p>0.05). Conclusions: haloperidol and clozapine act via different mechanisms and may have dissociable effects on thyroid hormones. Following treatment with haloperidol, significant changes in T4, but not in T3, serum levels were observed. Haloperidol and clozapine had different effects on the thyroid hormone levels. These results indicate that antipsychotic treatment can contribute to the thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, greater caution should be applied to the antipsychotics use. The thyroid function of the patients should be closely monitored, while using these drugs., Urmia University of Medical Sciences

Published
2020

41. Never-Ending Learning.

Author

Mitchell, T., Cohen, W., Hruschka, E., Talukdar, P., Yang, B., Betteridge, J., Carlson, A., Dalvi, B., Gardner, M., Kisiel, B., Krishnamurthy, J., Lao, N., Mazaitis, K., Mohamed, T., Nakashole, N., Platanios, E., Ritter, A., Samadi, M., Settles, B., and Wang, R.

Subjects
MACHINE learning, SOFTWARE architecture, INTELLIGENT agents, SEMANTICS, EXPECTATION-maximization algorithms
Abstract

Whereas people learn many different types of knowledge from diverse experiences over many years, and become better learners over time, most current machine learning systems are much more narrow, learning just a single function or data model based on statistical analysis of a single data set. We suggest that people learn better than computers precisely because of this difference, and we suggest a key direction for machine learning research is to develop software architectures that enable intelligent agents to also learn many types of knowledge, continuously over many years, and to become better learners over time. In this paper we define more precisely this never-ending learning paradigm for machine learning, and we present one case study: the Never-Ending Language Learner (NELL), which achieves a number of the desired properties of a never-ending learner. NELL has been learning to read the Web 24hrs/ day since January 2010, and so far has acquired a knowledge base with 120mn diverse, confidence-weighted beliefs (e.g., servedWith(tea,biscuits)), while learning thousands of interrelated functions that continually improve its reading competence over time. NELL has also learned to reason over its knowledge base to infer new beliefs it has not yet read from those it has, and NELL is inventing new relational predicates to extend the ontology it uses to represent beliefs. We describe the design of NELL, experimental results illustrating its behavior, and discuss both its successes and shortcomings as a case study in never-ending learning. NELL can be tracked online at http://rtw.ml.cmu.edu, and followed on Twitter at @CMUNELL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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42. Risk Analysis of Exposure to Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon from Greenhouse-Grown Tomatoes during Pre-Harvest Interval and Post-Harvest Processing.

Author

Samadi, M. T., Shokoohi, R., Karami, M., Leili, M., Heshmati, A., and Khamutian, S.

Subjects
*CHLORPYRIFOS, *DIAZINON, *HEALTH risk assessment, *MONTE Carlo method, *RISK assessment, *RISK exposure
Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the residue levels and dissipation rates of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and their oxon derivatives in greenhouse-grown tomatoes and to evaluate the acute and chronic Hazard Quotients (HQ) for consumption of these products. The quantification analyses of chlorpyrifos and diazinon and their degradation products were performed using Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to evaluate the variability and uncertainty of the data and to achieve more accurate results in the health risk assessment process. The chronic HQ values of chlorpyrifos and diazinon residues ranged from 0.24 to 0.85 and 0.06 to 1.09 for adults, 0.45 to 1.34 and 0.12 to 1.66 for adolescents, and 0.71 to 1.80 and 0.21 to 3.78 for children, respectively. After five days of storage in room and refrigerator temperatures, the HQ values of diazinon and chlorpyrifos were higher than the acceptable limits. According to the Monte Carlo simulation, the HQ and the estimated daily intake (EDI) values were more affected by the consumption rate followed by pesticide concentration and body weight. Therefore, due to the high frequency of tomato consumption, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of pesticides in this product in order to reduce human health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

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