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This study aims to determine the effect of training on Agricultural Extension competencies; know the effect of the organization's environment on Agricultural Extension competencies; know the effect of training on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; know the effect of the organizational environment on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; know the training factors and organizational environment on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers through work competence as an intervening variable. This research was carried out using the exploratory method with a quantitative approach with the research location at the North Sulawesi Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department. The number of samples is equal to the total population of 18 people given the small population. Data collection methods used are descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis using path analysis with t-test as hypothesis testing. The results showed that training for Agricultural Extension Workers had a significant effect on work competence; the organizational environment also significantly influences the work competency of Agricultural Extension Workers; work Competence has a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; Training also has a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; the organizational environment has a positive and significant effect on the performance of agricultural instructors; training and Organizational Environment have a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers through their Work Competencies. There is an increase in the direct influence and indirect effect of each variable. *eprm*

This study aims to determine the dose of Trichoderma koningii which can induce soursop germination; know the best soaking time that can affect the induction of soursop germination; to know the interaction between soaking time and Trichoderma koningii dose on soursop germination. This research was conducted in April - June 2019 at the Green House of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. The material used in this study was soursop seed obtained from Lota Village, Pineleng Tomohon Subdistrict, Trichoderma koningii with 106 solids obtained from the North Sulawesi Province Plant Protection Center Collection, Aquadest, 70% Alcohol, 80% Acetone, sand already sifter and sterilized. This research was arranged in factorial with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors, namely 5 treatments of Trichoderma koningii dose and 4 immersion treatments repeated three times (3x) so that a total of 60 treatment units. Each treatment unit uses 10 seeds. The results of this study indicated that the dose of Trichoderma koninggi 200 g without soaking can increase the germination power by 86.67% and the vigor index by 32.96%; Immersion with Koninggi Trichoderma suspension has not been able to induce soursop seed germination rate; The interaction between Trichoderma koningii dose and soaking time did not affect the speed of soursop seed germination.*eprm*

This study aims to analyze how much profit is gained by applying the Legowo row planting system, analyzing the factors of production that affect rice production by applying the Legowo row planting system, analyzing whetherthe use of production factors allocated by farmers to the Legowo planting system economically already efficient. The study was conducted from January to April 2019 in Tomohon Barat Subdistrict, Tomohon City, North Sulawesi Province. The research location was chosen purposively with the consideration that West Tomohon Subdistrict was the center of rice production in Tomohon City with a total area of 447.40 ha of rice fields ( 52% of the total area of rice fields in Tomohon City). The method used in this study is a survey method in the Kelurahan that has paddy fields in the West Tomohon District with interview techniques to respondent farmers. Determination of the sample is done by quota sampling method as many as 50 people taken from 7 (seven) villages in the District of West Tomohon by considering the area of land and the purpose of farming (commercial farm). The variables to be examined in this study are age, education, business experience, group membership, land area, seeds, fertilizer (Urea, SP36 and NPK), labor (HKSP), production, and price. The results showed that the benefits of lowland rice farming with the application of the legowo planting system, farmers in Tomohon Barat Subdistrict, Tomohon City were not yet maximum and had not yet reached economic efficiency, production factors affecting rice production were land area, seeds, fertilizer (Urea, SP 36 and NPK Phonska) and labor, the use of production factors of land area, fertilizers(Urea, SP 36 and NPK Phonska) have not reached economic efficiency, the use of seed production factors and labor is inefficient.*eprm*

This study aims to determine community participation in the planning and implementation stages in the construction of agricultural road infrastructure funded by the Village Fund in Buhias Village, Mantehage Island, Wori Sub-district, North Minahasa Regency. The 3-month study was conducted from August to October 2018. Primary data were obtained through interviews, based on a list of questions, to 20 respondents who were chosen based on pusposive sampling method. Secondary data were obtained from the Buhias Village Office, from local bookstores, as well as from the internet through Google searching to obtain journal articles and theses relating to research topics, especially concerning community participation in road infrastructure development. Data analysis using descriptive analysis presented in tabular form. The results showed that community participation in the construction of agricultural road infrastructure in the village of Buhias was in the medium category at the planning stage and in the high category at the stage of implementing agricultural road construction. *eprm*

The research has been done in Bolaang Mongondow. The aim of the research are to know the comparative advantage of coffee in Bolaang Mongondow North Sulawesi which is analized by Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) value and to know the input and output price changes and its impact to the coffee farming comparative advantage. The area of research is selected by purposive method in Bolaang-Mongondow Regencies which are the production centre of coffee. The primary data are collected through interview with 20 coffee farmers while the secondary data are gained from related institutions. Descriptive analysis using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was implemented in the research to know the comparative advantage value. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the impact of prices changing to Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR). The result shows that coffee farming in Bolaang Mongondow has a comparative advantage which is indicated by the value of DRCR 0,0791. Both Private and Social benefit value are profitable. The p rivate benefit is Rp. 5.821.590 and social benefit is Rp. 5.525.338.

This study aims to look at the marketing strategy of "Anyen" pia cake in the sea village of Pineleng District. This research was conducted for 3 months, starting from March to June 2019. The data used in this study are primary data obtained from direct interviews with Anyen pia cake business owner, Mr. Lexy Pelealu and secondary data from 37 respondents of Anyen pia cake customers. fill out a questionnaire calculated on a Likert scale. The results of this study indicate that the marketing strategy for Anyen Pia is in the excellent category. Where aspects of the marketing mix of products 78.61%, aspects of the marketing mix of prices 85.97%, aspects of the marketing mix of places 81.07%, and aspects of the marketing mix of promotion of 85.97%.*eprm*

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of consumer satisfaction What's Up Cafe Manado regarding products, prices, places, and services. This research was conducted for 2 months from February to March 2019. Determination of the sample using accidental sampling technique. Data collected in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected from direct interviews with 30 respondents (consumers) using a questionnaire with a Likert scale. Secondary data were obtained from local bookstores and the internet. From the internet using Google Scholar to get books, scientific journal articles and theses from other universities related to research topics on the level of consumer satisfaction. The results showed that the level of consumer satisfaction of What’s Up Cafe Manado overall was classified as very satisfied by 82.04%. In detail, the level of customer satisfaction for What's Up Cafe for the very satisfied category was 84.45% for product variables, 83.99% for prices, and 80.33% for places. For the satisfied category, the service variable is 79.99%.*eprm*

This study aims to determine the assessment of farmer groups on the implementation of the function of agricultural instructors in the village of Tatengesan Satu, Pusomaen Sub-district, Southeast Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted from June to August 2019. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained by interview, based on questionaire, to two farmer groups, each chairman, secretary, treasurer and one member and one agricultural instructor. So that the total respondents were 9 people. Secondary data was obtained from relevant agencies namely through the Agricultural Extension Office (BPP), the Head of Village Office and the Pusomaen Sub-district Office of Southeast Minahasa Regency. Secondary data was also obtained through books obtained from local bookstores and the internet. From internet through google scholar in the form of books, journal articles and theses related to this research topic namely Assessment of Farmer Groups on the Implementation Function of Agriculture Extension. The results showed that the assessment of farmer groups on the implementation of the function of agricultural instructors is not yet fully functioning, where the new agricultural instructors carry out their functions as initiators, facilitators and motivators. While the function of extension workers as a liaison, analyzer and agent of change has not yet been fully felt by the farmer groups. But on the other hand, according to the agricultural instructor, it has been carrying out its functions to the maximum, it's just that the function as an agent of change cannot be fully carried out. This is because extension agents feel that farmers are able to make changes to advance their own farming business to make it more profitable.*eprm*

This study aims to determine the time allocation of labor in rice farming. The study was conducted in Lowian Village, Maesaan SubDistrict, South Minahasa Regency. Data collection is done by survey method. The number of samples of rice farmers is determined as many as 20 farmers. Determination of the sample is done by simple random sampling. Data analysis was performed descriptively in form of tables and verbal descriptions. The types of paddy farming activities studied include land management activities, nursery seedlings, planting, weeding, fertilizing, eradicating pests and diseases, harvesting, transporting and drying or dry in the sun activities. The average amount of time allocation of labor in one hectare of paddy farming is 136 HOK (Workers' Day). The most labor-intensive activities were planting and harvesting activities, respectively 33.5 HOK (26.4%) and 32.1 HOK (25.1%). The least labor-intensive activity in transportation activities was 3.1 HOK (2.5%) and seedling nursery activities were 4.5 HOK (3.5%). Land management activities 97.15 percent use animal power and 2.85 percent use tractors. Other activities fully use human labor. The amount of time allocation of male laborers was 78.375 HOK (66.56%) and the total flow of female labor was 39.375 HOK (33.44%). The types of activities undertaken by women are seedling activities, planting, weeding and paddy drying or dry in the sun. *eprm*

The purpose of this study was to determine and describe the role of social capital , consisted by trust, social norms, social networks , in the paddy rice farmer group in Tawaang Village, Tenga Sub-d istrict, South Minahasa Regency. This research lasted for three months from July to September 2019. The data used in this study were primary data obtained from direct interviews and observations. Interviews were conducted with the help of a questionnaire. T he Head of Village and farmer group members represent the community. Total respondents were 12 people who were all members of the group. Secondary data were obtained from the Tawaang Village Office, local bookstores and via the internet. Internet through Google Scholar to get articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities related to research on the Role of Social Capital in Paddy Farmer Groups. The results showed that the index figure of 81.48% meant that it was classified in the existing category. Thus, the role of social capital was properly realized in the Tunas Harapan Farmer Group in Tawaang Village, Tenga District, South Minahasa Regency in the form of trust, social norms and social networks. Group members lead a high social life both within the group and outside the group, namely to strengthen the kinship, tolerance and efforts so that the farming business that runs well. *eprm*

This study aims to determine marketing patterns, calculate the amount of margins, profit and marketing costs as well as farmer's share in Sinisir Village, Modoinding Sub-district, Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted from June to August 2018. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from interviews based on a list of questions prepared previously on 14 respondents consisting of 10 farmers from Sinisir Village, 1 collecting trader from Tompaso Baru Dua Village, 2 retailers from Tompaso Baru Dua Village and in Karombasan Village, 1 big trader from Sinisir Village, Modoinding District. Whereas secondary data was obtained from the Sinisir Village Office of Modoinding District from local bookstores and from the internet. From the internet through google searching in the form of books and theses from other universities. The results showed that there were four forms of marketing channels in Sinisir Village, Modoinding District, namely: (I) Farmers - Consumers; (II) Farmers - Retailers - Consumers; (III) Farmers - Collector Traders - Retailers Traders - Consumers; IV) Farmers - Wholesalers. The carrot marketing channel which produced the highest cost, margin and marketing profit in marketing channel II was Rp 5,429 per kilogram, Rp 6,000 per kilogram, Rp 571 per kilogram. The highest farmer's share in marketing channel 1 is 100 percent.*eprm*

This study aims to: (1) Analyze management models with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), (2) Arrange alternative directions for priority management with a combination of GIS and Analytical Hirarchy Process (AHP) and policy direction of land tenure in forest areas that are in the utilization block KPHL Unit VI which is in Talawaan MDM. The method used in this study is a survey method, namely: a method for obtaining field data by means of systematic observation, measurement and recording of the object under study and supported by the results of laboratory analysis. Sampling and field measurements are carried out using strata techniques with consideration to adjusting the location of the collection. Analysis of the data used: a) Estimating the amount of erosion using the formula Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), b) The combination of Geographic Information Systems and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to prepare alternatives for decision making. The results of this study indicated that the Management Model formed in the study area is the Community Forest Management Model (HKm) and Community Plantation Forest (HTR) and with a management period of 35 years and can be extended thereafter. Furthermore, the direction of management priorities according to AHP analysis with economic, ecological and social targets is to implement a management model with Land Utilities Type (LUT) Agrorestry, enrichment LUT and reforestation LUT with an economic target value of 429 points, ecological target value of 143 points and weight social target value of 429 points. The direction of the Government's policy for the completion of land tenure in this forest area is to provide management access to forest areas in the form of Social Forestry Program with the Community Forest Management Model (HKm) and Community Plantation Forest (HTR).*eprm*

This study aims to determine the direction of land use in Ratahan Subdistrict, Ratahan Timur and Pasan, Southeast Minahasa Regency, based on the Agroecology Zone using the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The type of research used in this study is quantitative research with a method of data and spatial interpretation. The types of data used in the study are primary data and secondary data. The data generated is arranged in the form of information and spatial. The study was conducted in 3 (three) subdistricts namely Ratahan Subdistrict, Ratahan Timur Subdistrict and Pasan Subdistrict, Southeast Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, which were included in 1 (one) sub-district, Ratahan Sub-district. While the implementation time in April to June 2018. Analysis of the data used in this study where the resulting data is arranged in the form of data and spatial information, then compiling and analyzing data using the Quantum ArcGIS version 10.2 program application. Besides that, biophysical data analysis and agricultural potential data will be carried out. The results of the study based on the concept of land use in Ratahan Subdistrict, East Ratahan and Pasan results of agroecological zone maps using GIS obtained 32 zones from the results of analysis of soil type and slope data and climate type. The results of the analysis of the allocation in accordance with the conditions of land use (land cover) as well as the output of the map of Southeast Minahasa Regency RTRW space map in 2013, the agroecological zone can be divided into two main uses, namely protected zone and cultivation zone. In protected areas recommended in protected forests, water catchment areas, river borders and lake borders around the springs. Whereas in the cultivation area it is recommended to use land for agroforesty, rice fields, settlements, mixed farming, conservation settlements, plantations and production forest.*eprm*

The objective of this research is to analyze the level of financial feasibility of dodol "UD Mandiri" in Pangu Satu Village, Ratahan Timur Sub-District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019. Research Methods Case Study. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from direct interviews with business owners UD Mandiri. Whereas secondary data is obtained from companies, books available at local bookstores and on the internet such as Google Scholar to access articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities relating to the topic of this research are mainly concerned with financial analysis.Analysis of existing data using qualitative methods and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods are carried out to find out the dodol business characteristics that are presented in non-financial aspects in descriptive form, tables, charts or images, graphics such as process/production aspects, marketing aspects, legal aspects, environmental aspects, environmental aspects. Quantitative methods uses quantitative numbers regarding financial feasibility such as Net Present Value (NPV), Net B / C Ratio, Internal Rate Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP). There search result showed by using its own capital, UD Mandiri salak dodol business is declared feasible with an NPV value of Rp103.045.440, IRR (Internal Rate Return) or investment return of 60%, more than the UKM interest rate ( 6%) and Net B / C Ratio of 1,012, greater than one and payback period for two years.*jnkd+erprm*

This study aims to determine the contribution of housewives to the income of farmer families in Kie ici Village, Mother District, West Halmahera Regency. This research was conducted for three months from October to December 2018. Data collection methods used were primary data and secondary data. The data taken is primary data using direct interview techniques and questionnaires for 30 farmer housewives. While secondary data was obtained from the Kie ici Village office, books available in stores and the internet such as google cendekia to access articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities related to the topic of this research namely the contribution of housewives to the family. The results showed that the contribution of housewives' income to farmer households in Kie ici village in general housewives were able to contribute, at 39.68 percent, to family income which could be categorized as sufficiently fulfilling the family's need to live.*eprm*

This study aims to determine the level of customer satisfaction with Warunk Bendito service in the Megamas Manado area. This research was conducted in three months starting from preparation to compiling the research report from January 2019 to March 2019. This study uses primary and secondary data. The sampling method in this study was done by accidental sampling. Primary data collection is done by interview technique directly to 60 respondents based on questionnaires that have been prepared in advance. While secondary data collection is obtained from existing documents Warunk Bendito, books available at local bookstores and the internet through google scholar searches to access articles from various scientific journals and other university “skripsi” related to this research, especially concerning consumer satisfaction with service. The results of the study using the Likert Scale analysis showed that the index of the level of consumer satisfaction with the service of Warunk Bendito in the Megamas area of Manado was at the point of 83.2% which was in the very satisfied category.*jnkd+erprm*

The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate approach to agricultural extension methods of chili farmers in Tiwoho Village, Wori District. This research was conducted from October to December 2018. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The primary data collection method is done by asking respondents to fill out a questionnaire that uses a Likert Scale measurement tool and has been prepared. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling. The number of respondents is 15 people. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. Secondary data obtained from the Tiwoho Village office and the internet, namely google cendekia to get articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities related to the topic of this research, especially concerning agricultural extension methods. This study shows that the approach of individual agricultural extension methods is more suitable to have the highest total score as many as 314 and a percentage of 83.7%.*jnkd+eprm*

The objective of this research in to determine the affect of marketing mix of consumer purchasing decisions at Dunkin Donuts, Sam Ratulangi Street, Manado City. This data collection was conducted in two days on Desember 17, 2018 and April 01, 2019. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from direct interviews with consumers of DunkinDonuts. While secondary data was obtained from books available at local bookstores and the internet such through google scholar to access articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities related to the topic of this research, especially concerning to the influence of the marketing mix. The number of respondents 60 sample. It was taken by using simple random sampling. Data analysis method is a logistic regression model because the dependent variable model in the model is a categorical variable, giving a value of 1 to consumers who decide to buy and thevalue of 0 consumers who decide not to buy. The research result showed that there were two marketing mix variables that had a significant effect, namely product (X1) and price (X2) while the variables that did not have a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions at Dunkin Donutsnamely place (X3) and promotion (X4).*jnkd+eprm*

This study aims to support community empowerment and increase the income of the community in road infrastructure development in the Kalatin Village, North Lowu Subdistrict, Ratahan District. Data collection is carried out for 3 months, from June 2018 to August 2018. The collected data is arranged quantitatively collected in the form of a table with sample of 30 respondents. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from interviews and questionnaires for the people living in the Kalatin Village and secondary data obtained from the relevant agencies. The results of the study show how community empowerment through cooperation to carry out the construction of road infrastructure in the Kalatin Village is well run by the Kalatin Village community to do various forms of participation in the form of work and food and beverages. The construction of road infrastructure in the Kalatin Village provides an increase in revenue of 14.29% - 650% or 6 times the revenue when the road has not been repaired. This is because the road infrastructure access to the marketing of commodities both inside and outside the Kalatin Village.*erprm*

This study aims to (1) evaluate the habitat quality of Black crested macaque at The Tangkoko Conservation Forest Management Unit, (2) analyze the population density level of Black crested macaque at The Tangkoko Conservation Forest Management Unit, (3) analyze the corelation between habitat quality and Black crested macaque density at The Tangkoko Conservation Forest Management Unit. The study was conducted from July to October 2017 in the Tangkoko Conservation Forest Management Unit, North Sulawesi. The material observed was the Black crested macaque and their habitat. The data collection method used is habitat quality data collection carried out by making sample plots measuring 25 m x 25 m for tree level observations in lanes with each distance between sample plots is 250 m. Data recorded for extraction and dominance of vegetation are species names, number of individuals and breast diameter at breast height. data collection on the density of Black crested macaque is done by way of inventorying animals directly through surveys in the field. Observations are carried out by walking at speeds of 1 - 1.5 km / h on each track and stopping at every 100 m to hear and observe the surroundings.Observations are carried out in the morning (6:00 - 11:00) and in the afternoon (14:00 - 17:00). Data recorded is the number of individuals found using the line transect method. Data analysis used (1) Important value index (INP) is a quantitative parameter that can be used to express the level of dominance (level of mastery) of species in the tree community. (2) Analysis of individual density is carried out according to the meeting of individuals in the group during observation (3) Parametric statistical tests ofPearson correlation. The results showed that (1) habitat quality parameters analyzed were important value index with the highest value of 95.63% in Cananga odorata on line A1; (2) the population density level of Black crested macaque was 9.66 individuals / km2. The highest amount of density is found on the T1 line where the T1 line is located in the Batuputih Tourism Park which routinely gets tourist visits. There are two pathways that are not found in the Black crested macaque namely T10 and A2 lines; (3) Based on the Pearson correlation analysis showed that the correlation between habitat quality and density of Black crested macaque that shows a positive value.*eprm*

This study aims to determine how much women's participation in the construction of agricultural road infrastructure. This research was conducted in Watulaney Village, East Lembean, Minahasa Regency and lasted for 3 months, from October to December 2018. Methods of data collection in this study used primary data collected through interviews based on a list of questions, using Likert Scale, that had been prepared previously. Secondarydata obtained from the Office of the Village Watulaney Timu, local book stores, and internet throught google scholar to get article from journals and thesis from others university that related to this research topic . Dataanalysis using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis, where this method describes each data taken from women's participation and then presented in table form. For the measurement of women's participation using a Likert Scale. The research results showed that the level of women's participation in agricultural road infrastructure development programs was classified as very active in providing participation in the form of thoughts, energy, skills and assets and objects at the planning, implementation and evaluation stages. With a total score of 426 or 71%, it can be said to be classified as very active.*eprm*

This study aims to evaluate Village Fund management in Kalasey Dua illage, Mandolang Sub-district, Minahasa Regency. The study was conducted from May 2018 to January 2019. The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected based on interviews with two members of the Village Consultation Board (BPD), three village officials, and 50 community members to find out their responses to Village Fund management. The fifty community members were selected community members that have over the age of 21 years and had lived in the research village for more than 10 years. So the total respondents were 55 people.Interviews with community members were used by Likert Scale. Secondary data in this study came from the archives and reports of Kalasey Dua Village office in the form of Village Monographs, Village Fund Management Data andother documents relating to the management of the Kalasey Dua Village Village Fund; and through books available at local bookstores; and the internet. Internet used google searching to access articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities related to the topic of this research. Data analysis using descriptive analysis. The results of the study indicate that overall the Village Funds received in Kalasey Dua Village have been managed properly by the government or the management, both in the management procedure with the availability of documents; and adhere to the principles of village fund management that consists of justice, needs, village authority, participation, self-management and village-based resources, village typology, transparency and accountability; and the community have felt the benefits. The Village Fund has been giving benefit to community of the village, both in the construction of infrastructure (roads, culverts, solar street lighting) and the empowerment of rural communities (by technical guidance of the management of Village-Owned Enterprises or BUMDES outside the region).*gmhk+erprm*

This study aims to determine the exchange rate of wetland rice farmers in New Tompaso District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted for three months from September to November 2018. The data used were primary and secondary data. Primary data collection through direct interviews with 39 respondents of wetland rice farmers who were randomly determined. Interviews using a questionnaire prepared previously. Secondary data was collected from the Tompaso Baru District office in the form of a profile of research location, and from the internet through google searching in the form of journal articles that relevant to this research. Furthermore, the data is calculated using the formula for the exchange rate of lowland rice farmers. The results of the research that have been conducted show that the exchange rate of lowland rice farmers with an area of equal and less than 1 ha is 68.32, which means that rice farmers do not have other jobs, the farmers are unable to meet their family's daily needs. While the exchange rate of paddy rice farmers with a land area of more than 1 ha is 101.44, meaning that if the paddy farmers do not have other jobs, then the farmer is still able to meet the daily needs of his family. Thus to meet the daily needs of his family, for lowland rice farmers who only depend on the source of income from rice farming business, they must have a minimum is greater than 1 hectare of paddy field area.*eprm*

This study aims to determine the role of women in the stages of work on tomato farming and the time allocation in tomato farming and in household activities. This research was conducted for 6 months from November 2016 to May 2017 in Taraitak Satu Village, Langowan Utara District, Minahasa Regency. The data used in this study consisted of primary data obtained through interviews and observations on 20 women farmers who were deliberately selected by criteria of having a husband and working not as a tomato farmer. Secondary data was obtained from the Taraitak Satu Village Office, Unsrat Agricultural Library, the Internet through google searching in the form of a thesis from another university. Data analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on the results of the study concluded the stages of work involving women on tomato farming, namely the stage of seed preparation, land clearing, planting and making planting holes, planting, mulching, maintenance - including watering, weeding, fertilizing, controlling pests and diseases or spraying of pesticide, trimming and binding - , harvesting, and post-harvesting. The most dominant time allocation of female labor is at the maintenance stage except spraying drugs that are not carried out by women. Maintenance activities are carried out by women because according to the local community's views women are more diligent than men in this process namely watering, weeding, fertilizing, pruning and binding. The highest outpouring of women's work time in tomato farming is in maintenance activities, especially in binding and pruning activities, which requires 2 days per harvest where the period of 1 harvest is 3 months 2 weeks. In household activities: women with families devote time per day to work for income (tomato farming) an average of 8.3 hours per day while for housework time is 4.58 and for other activities such as worship is 4.2 hours per week. Women in the research location played a dual role as breadwinners (taking care of farming tomatoes) and at the same time as housewives who have to prepare their family's needs before going to take care of tomatoes.*eprm*

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence poverty levels in North Sulawesi. This research was conducted for three months from February to April 2018. The data used were secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, North Sulawesi Province and also from local bookstores, the internet through Google Scholar, to access scientific journal articles and thesis from other universities related to factors that influence poverty levels. Data collected in this study using data from January 2005 to December 2016 and presented in table form are then described and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that the unemployment variable is a factor that significantly influences the level of poverty in North Sulawesi Province. While the level of education, the growth of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and inflation did not significantly influence the level of poverty.*ghmk+eprm*

This study aims to determine the pattern of marketing, calculate the amount of costs, margins and marketing benefits and farmer's share in Pangu Dua Village, which was held from June to August 2018. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained by submitting a list of questions to farmers 10 respondents, collecting traders 5 respondents, retailers 3 respondents in Pangu Dua Village. While secondary data was obtained from Pangu Dua Village Office, and the internet. Data analysis in this study uses marketing channel analysis and marketing margin analysis. The results of the study show that there are four forms of marketing channels in Pangu Dua Village. Marketing channel I consists of farmers and consumers; marketing channel II consists of farmers, retailers, consumers; marketing channel III consists of farmers, collectors, supermarkets retailers and consumers; marketing channel IV consists of farmers, collectors and wholesalers between islands. Marketing channel III has the highest value, namely the cost of Rp. 345 per kilogram, margin of Rp. 11,000 per kilogram, and profit of Rp. 10,655 per kilogram. The highest portion received by farmers (farmer’s share) on marketing channel I is 100 percent. This research support the result of previous study by Kaparang's 2015 that the greater the marketing margin, the smaller the portion received by farmers, on the contrary the smaller the marketing margin the greater the portion received by farmers, can be accepted in this study.*jnkd+eprm*

This study aims to analyze the profit received by the owner, producer and seller of the business "Saraba" in "Stevanny Restaurant" in the Boulevard Area of Manado City. This research was conducted from July to September 2018. This study used primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by using interview techniques directly to the owner of the restaurant. Secondary data in this study comes from books available at local bookstores in Manado City, the internet such as google scholar to access articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities which was related to profit analysis. Data collected in this study are presented in table form and then described and analyzed using the profit analysis formula. The results showed that the profits obtained in one month of the production process in September 2019, which is for 30 days where every day one production process is carried out so 30 days the production process is carried out by the businessman "Saraba" in "Stevanny's Restaurant" in the Boulevard Area of Manado City for Rp. 5,609,481 per month.*jnkd+eprm*.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the marketing of corn in each marketing channel in the village of Dimembe, Dimembe Subdistrict, North Minahasa Regency. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interviews with 15 farmers while secondary data from the Village Office, North Minahasa Statistics Agency and the North Sulawesi Provincial Statistics Agency. The sampling method used the snowball sampling method. Data analysis methods are analysis of Marketing Channel, Marketing Agency, Marketing Margin and Marketing Costs. The results showed that there were three types of marketing channels, namely the first marketing channel: Farmers to Consumers; second marketing channel 2 from Farmers to Retailers then to Consumers; and the third marketing channel from Farmers to Collector Traders then arrived at the Consumer. Marketing margin on marketing channel I is Rp 213.33 / kg, on marketing channel II is Rp 1,500.00 / kg, and on marketing channel III is Rp 2,500.00 / kg. The highest share received by farmers is in the marketing channel I at 93.90%. While the lowest share received by farmers is in marketing channel III, which is equal to 58.33%. Thus it can be concluded that the longer the marketing channel, the greater the marketing margin and vice versa. And also the shorter the marketing channel the greater the share received by the farmer and vice versa. *lrr + eprm *

This research aims to determine the magnitude of the added value and benefits obtained from the home industri of Shanghai Nut Conenci in Paslaten, Tomohon City. This research was conducted from March to May 2018, in household businesses in Paslaten Village, Tomohon City. The method used in this study, survey method with direct interview techniques to business owners using a list of questions that have been prepared in advance. The results showed that the value added of peanuts to Shanghai beans hated from three production processes a week of Rp 2,094,917, while the added value in each one kilogram of peanuts was Rp. 41,988, - Benefits of a Shanghai Konenci bean processing business with three the productionprocess amounted to Rp. 69,264. *lrr+eprm*

This study aims to calculate the business profit of "Pia Melati" in Mariyai Village, Sorong Regency, West Papua. This research was conducted for 3 months from September to November 2017. Data collection method used in this study is survey method. Data used is primary data by interviewingtechniques to business owners using a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from the Food and Industrial Processing Service of Sorong Regency. The results of this study indicate that this business costsfor a month is Rp.57,162,654, revenue is Rp.77,625,000 and profit is Rp.20,012,346. R/C ratio of 1.35, is indicated that this business is profitable.*llr+eprm*

This study aims to determine the participation of members in the Mitra Jaya farmer group activities in Mundung Village, East Tombatu District. This research took place from October to December 2018. The data used were primary data obtained through interviews using a questionnaire to 10 respondents and secondary data obtained from the Mundung Village Office in East Tombatu District. The technique of collecting data uses census techniques. Data analysis used in this study is descriptive analysis using a Likert Scale. The results showed that the participation of members in farmer groups was high, because they participated in each activity held by the Mitra Jaya farmer groups both in the activities of the planning stage, the implementation stage and the evaluation phase of farmer group activities. The participation of members in the Mitra Jaya farmer group in Mundung Village, Tombatu Timur District in the management of farmer group activities is high.*eprm*.

This study aims to find out how much the growth of Regional Original Income (PAD) and the Contribution of PAD to the Regional Expenditures of the City of Manado. This research was conducted for three months from September to November 2017. The data used in this study were secondary data collected from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of North Sulawesi. The results showed that the growth of PAD from 2011-2016 was fluctuating with the highest growth rate in 2012 of 24.49% and the lowest in 2015 of 4.22% and with an average of 15.33%. The contribution of Regional Original Revenue to Regional Expenditures for 2011-2016 is still in the lack of criteria, with the highest contribution in 2014 amounting to 19.08% and the lowest in 2016 amounting to 14.91% and the average contribution to Regional Expenditure of 15.75% . This means that the Manado City government needs to improve performance more in exploring new sources of Regional Revenue and maximizing existing PADs to increase Regional Original Income Contributions to Manado City Regional Expenditures.*eprm*.

This study aims to analyze the rentability of Agribusiness Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research was conducted for 2 months from May to June 2018. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from 3 companies, namely PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk (AALI), PPLondon Sumatra Tbk (LSIP) and PT Sawit Sumbermas Sarana Tbk (SSMS), the data collection has been reported to the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) Manado City Branch. The results of the study show that PT. SSMS Tbk has a rentability that consists of ROA, ROE, GPM, NPM, which is higher than PT. AALI Tbk, and PT. LSIP Tbk. This means that PT SSMS gets the highest profit.*lrr+eprm*.

The purpose of this study was to analyze how much profit from the Sucipto Tape business in Kelurahan Kleak, Manado City. The study was conducted in Kelurahan Kleak Lingkungan 4, Malalayang District, Manado City. This research was conducted for 3 months starting in September 2019 until November 2019. Primary data were collected by direct interview with the owner of the Sucipto Tape business. Data collected in the form of data on the selling price of tape products, production of tape produced in one month of production, production costs involve fixed costs (electricity costs and depreciation costs) and variable costs (transportation costs, costs of main raw materials, costs of supporting materials, fuel costs , packaging costs, labor costs). The data collected was then analyzed using Profit Analysis and Revenue Cost Ratio Analysis. The results showed that the Sucipto tape business in the Kleak Kelurahan of Manado City earned a monthly profit of Rp. 1.990.332,33. The R / C value of the Sucipto Tape Business in September 2019 of 1.52 shows a number> 1, so it can be concluded that this business was profitable.*eprm*

This study aims to determine the level of satisfaction of tourist visitors. This research was conducted for 3 months from May to July 2018 in D’Mooat Tourism Object, in Mooat Village, Mooat Subdistrict, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The method used in this study is direct interviews with visitors based on a questionnaire. The number of respondents is 30 people. The method of data analysis used an attitude measurement scale or a Likert Scale. The results showed that the index number of visitors' satisfaction at D’Mooat attractions was at the point of 72.44% which was classified as the level of "Satisfaction".*eprm*.

The research aims to calculate the profit of coconut collector "Kelapa Kuah" in Tewasen Village, West Amurang Sub-district. This research was conducted for 3 months from April to June 2018. The method used in this study was the survey method with the technique of direct interviewing with coconut collector. The research result showed that the profit of the coconut collecting trader was Rp. 16.861.169 and R/C ratio was 1.18 which meant that the business of coconut collecting trader was economically profitable and could be maintained.*JNKD*.

The objective of this research is to analyze and to compare the added value and profit of processing “salak” to “dodol salak” based on type of harvesting. This research was conducted for 3 months from April to June 2018 at UD Mandiri in Pangu I Village, Ratahan District, Southeast Minahasa. Data used are primary data obtained by interviewing to business owner using questionnaires. Data analysis of the data used is added value with the formula of NTp = (NTp = Na - (Bb + Bp + Bbp) and profit analysis using the formula π = (π = TR – TC). Results showed that businnes of “dodol salak” generate added value at big harvest (panen raya) is Rp. 19,399,652.78, at medium harvest (panen sedang) is Rp. 18,649,652.78, and at small harvest (panen kecil) is Rp. 17,749,652.78. The business profits of “dodol salak” at the big harvest (panen raya) is Rp. 8,499,652.78, at medium harvest (panen sedang) is Rp.7,749,652.78, and at small harvest (panen kecil) is Rp. 6,849,652.78. The highest added value of “dodol salak” at big harvest (panen raya) was 9.30 percent greater than at small harvest (panen kecil), and 4.02 percent that at the medium harvest (panen sedang). The highest business profit from “dodol salak” at the big harvest (panen raya) which was greater 24.09 percent than at the small harvest (panen kecil), and 9.68 percent than at the medium harvest (panen sedang). *llr+eprm*.

The purpose of the study was to find out the orientation of farming in Tonsewer Village, West Tompaso Sub-district, Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted for five months, from November 2017 to March 2018, from preparation to formulation of research reports. Research site in Tonsewer Village, West Tompaso Sub-district, Minahasa Regency. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interview of 72 respondents using a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from the Office of the Tonsewer Village in the West Tompaso Sub-district, Minahasa Regency. The method of determining the sample in this study using the simple random sampling method using Slovin formula. The results showed that based on the orientation criteria of land input farming, it was commercially oriented because > 65% of the land was self-owned, the workforce was commercially oriented because > 65% of farmers paid for outside labor and farm output was commercially oriented because > 65% of the farm selling, so it can be concluded that farmers in Tonsewer Village are commercially oriented.

The aim of the study was to find out the time allocation of women's activities in wetland rice farming in the form of nursery activities, planting, weeding, fertilizing, harvesting until processing land, and controlling pests and diseases only carried out by men. The outpouring of a woman's work time in productive activities depends a lot on socio-economic factors and the condition of her family. Socio-economic factors that influence the outpouring of working time for female farmers are age level, number of family dependents, wage level, land area, marital status, education level, and level of experience. The study lasted for 4 (four) months starting from April to July 2018 in Rasi Satu Village, Ratahan District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The data used are primary data collected through interviews with 20 women farmers as respondents. Secondary data was obtained from the Rasi Satu Village office. The analysis used is descriptive in table form. The results showed that the outpouring of working time of women in wetland farming in Rasi Satu Village was at nursery activities of 6.86%, planting of 22.08%, weeding of 20.26%, fertilization of 10.06%, harvest of 40.74%. But land management, and control of pests and diseases is only done by men.*eprm*.

This study aims to determine the advantages of coconut wood furniture business at the BLPT Kaaten in Tomohon, North Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted for 3 months from February to April 2018. The data carried out in this study were primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from interviews while secondary data were from the Kaaten BLPT in Tomohon City, North Sulawesi province. The results of the study showed that coconut wood furniture products at the Kaaten BLPT were unique in terms of the design and quality of the products produced. Products are designed according to the wishes of consumers and the quality of wood raw materials is processed to produce good quality wood. Total revenue of Rp. 86,900,000, - minus the total costs incurred in the amount of Rp. 43. 612,599, - the profit obtained from coconut wood furniture for the period of January - March 2018 is Rp. 37,287,401, -. The R / C value of this coconut wood furniture is 1.9, the coconut wood furniture business in the BLPT Kaaten is profitable.*jnkd*.

The study aims to analyze the factors that affected demand of cayenne pepper in Tomohon City. This study conducted for 3 months from September to November 2017. Data used secondary data was time series data per quarter from year 2012 to 2016. Analysis used is multiple regression analysis. The result showed that factor of, cayenne pepper price, substitution goods (curly pepper) and complementary goods (shallots) significantly affected on cayenne pepper demand.*lrr*.

This study aims to see how much does working women’s contribution to family income. The research located in Pangu Village, East Ratahan Sub-district. This research was conducted in April until June 2017. The research used primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected by direct interview technique on 6 (Six) respondents. They are Women Workers who work in UD MANDIRI as dodol and sugar palm wrapper. Secondary data used written data in the form of documents in the Village Office obtained from the village head. Primary data were analyzed used descriptive analysis and presented in tabular form. The results showed that the average income of women worker amounted to Rp.500.000, - in 1 (one) month. The contribution of female labor to family income was 28% in 1 (one) month. *eprm* .

This study aims to determine the allocation of remittance of migrant family income in North Langowan Subdistrict. This study uses descriptive analysis, by conducting surveys or field observations to determine the utilization of remittances by the families of migrant workers. The research was conducted in February to May 2018 in North Langowan Subdistrict, in Walantakan Village, Toraget Village, Karumenga Village, Taraitak Village and Taraitak Village 1. The method used in this research is survey method by taking primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection is intended to know the clear picture of the utilization of Indonesian labor remittances for consumption, investment and savings or for agriculture or not. The primary data collection technique was carried out by direct interviews and the questionnaire distributed to the families of migrant workers regarding the pattern of money management of remittances. Secondary data was obtained from North Langowan Subdistrict office. The results of this study indicate that most migrants allocate remittances to renovate houses or buy land / houses, from which 40% to 50% of the remuneration is used for the allocation. Some of the migrants make use of remittances to buy houses for investment and partly to finance children's education. Some of the migrants use remittances to buy rice fields as another form of investment, and only a small percentage of migrants make use of remittances to buy cars as a tertiary family need. Remittance remained for savings. Migration in addition to affecting the increase in income and welfare of migrant families also affects the development of land prices in North Langowan Subdistrict. *er*

This study aims to determine the income of farmers from rice field farms in the Mapanget Village Talawaan Sub-district North Minahasa. This study lasted for 3 (three) months from the preparation stage, data retrieval and to the preparation of research. Research location in Mapanget Village, Talawaan Sub-district, North Minahasa. Primary data is obtained through a list of questions that have been prepared, while secondary data obtained from the district office and village office. Based on the research results, the income of paddy field farming managed by respondents in Mapanget village comes from harvest season 1 (one), harvest season 2 (two) and harvest season 3 (three). Wetland paddy farming in Mapanget Village is able to provide benefits and the farming continues to be cultivated even in urban areas.*er*.

The research was purposed to analysis factors that affecting to land conversion from agriculture to non agriculture at Southeast Minahasa Regency. Variables are in analysis is total population , PDRB capita and total industries. This research was done by used secondary data obtained from Central Statistics Agency of Southeast Minahasa Regency. Secondary data collected are Total population, PDRB per capita and total industries in Southeast Minahasa Regency by times series data. Data analysis is done using multiple linear analysis. The result research showed that only Population which affecting significantly to the decrease the land of agriculture area in Southeast Minahasa Regency. Increasing total population make a demand for the land of residence area continues to increase. That impact on the land of agriculture area was tends to decrease.*jnkd*

This study aims to determine the circular mobility that occurs in the Sea Satu Village, Pineleng Sub-district of Minahasa Regency, based on several aspects. The data needed to answer for the objectives is primary data and secondary data. Data were collected from direct interviews with respondents, as well as other data taken directly at the Village Head Office. The data were analyzed descriptively and described based on aspects related to circular mobility in this Sea Satu Village. The characteristics of circular mobility practitioners in Desa Sea Satu Village are due to aspects of age, gender, number of family members, education level, occupation type (TNI/POLRI), civil servant, private employee, entrepreneur, Honorer, Craftman, Driver and Ojek) , the number of dependents. The incentive factors are the types of transportation, mileage, and the towing factors are the status of home ownership, and the cost of living.*jnkd*.

This study aims to find out the distribution channel of Cayenne Chili at Bersehati Market, Manado City. The data used are primary data. Primary data is obtained through a list of questions. Sampling method by purposive sampling and Snowball Sampling method for marketing institution, the sample is obtained based on information from interview to the respondent and traced to the next respondents in chains. The number of respondent is 20 people because it is representative of respondent. The results of this study show that the Distribution Channel that occurs in Bersehati Market consists of 3 distribution channels. Marketing institutions involved include collecting dealers, wholesalers, retailers. Distribution activities in Bersehati Market are activities that start from partners and cooperation between farmers and marketing institutions involved in marketing activities of cayenne pepper.*lwths*.

This study aims to determine the distribution of income among regions in North Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted for 4 months from October 2017 until February 2018 in North Sulawesi Province. In this study the data used were secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of North Sulawesi Province. The data was processed using Gini Index analysis method (calculated BPS data) and Williamson Index and presented in tabular form. The results of the research showed that the level of the uniformity of the income distribution among regions in North Sulawesi tended increase as incated by the value of Williamson Index which raised from 0,475 in 2012 to 0,543 in 2016. While the income distribution in North Sulawesi was relative even indicated by the value of Gini Index in 2012 0.43 dropped 0,39 in 2016.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of tourism development of Lembeh Strait Region in Bitung City. The study was conducted in the Lembeh Strait Area of Bitung City, which covers the Lembeh Island region and the mainland of Bitung City. The study took place in March 2018. This research used kuantitatif descriptive method. The data source consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained directly from the field through the respondents who have been determined, while secondary data obtained from agencies or institutions - related institutions such as the Tourism Office, BPS Bitung , libraries and other relevant SKPD ie Tourism Office, Bappeda, Investment and One Stop Service Office. Sample collection used technique of Accidental and Purposive Sampling. Data collection technique used in this research is Field Survey. Researchers prepare and retrieve data through surveys, questionnaires, document studies, interviews, documentation. This study uses SWOT data processing analysis through process analysis of Internal factors and External factors. The result of this research shows that the strategy of tourism development of Lembeh Strait area in Bitung City based on SWOT analysis is in the first quadrant between external opportunity and internal strength where the result of analysis obtained by total score of Internal Factor Analysis (IFAS) is 3.076 and External Factor Strategic Analysis Summary (EFAS) is 3.396. The main strategy in developing Lembeh Strait area tourism that must be implemented is to develop and improve the factors of Attraction, Accessibility and Amenities as follows: (1) Maintaining the beauty and uniqueness of nature Lembeh Strait as the main Attraction and adding new artificial attraction object; (2) Completing and improving public facilities and tourism facilities and facilities and infrastructure; (3) Make intelligent use of social media communication information technology as a cheap and efficient means of promotion. *eprm* .