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2. EM3: A Model to Explore the Effects of Ecomobility Policies on an Urban Area

Author

Salze, Paul, Sajous, Patricia, Bertelle, Cyrille, Abarbanel, Henry D. I., Series Editor, Braha, Dan, Series Editor, Érdi, Péter, Series Editor, Friston, Karl J., Series Editor, Haken, Hermann, Series Editor, Jirsa, Viktor, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Kaneko, Kunihiko, Series Editor, Kelso, Scott, Founding Editor, Kirkilionis, Markus, Series Editor, Kurths, Jürgen, Series Editor, Menezes, Ronaldo, Series Editor, Nowak, Andrzej, Series Editor, Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, Series Editor, Reichl, Linda, Series Editor, Schuster, Peter, Series Editor, Schweitzer, Frank, Series Editor, Sornette, Didier, Series Editor, Thurner, Stefan, Series Editor, Sajous, Patricia, editor, and Bertelle, Cyrille, editor

Published
2021
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3. Neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting among women: the effect of distance between the place of residence and the place of work/study (an ACTI-Cités study)

Author

Perchoux, Camille, Nazare, Julie-Anne, Benmarhnia, Tarik, Salze, Paul, Feuillet, Thierry, Hercberg, Serge, Hess, Franck, Menai, Mehdi, Weber, Christiane, Charreire, Hélène, Enaux, Christophe, Oppert, Jean-Michel, and Simon, Chantal

Subjects
Public Health, Health Sciences, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Quality Education, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Residence Characteristics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Transportation, Walking, Active commuting, Neighborhood education, Distance to work, Effect measure modification, Social environment, Public Health and Health Services, Epidemiology, Health services and systems, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundActive transportation has been associated with favorable health outcomes. Previous research highlighted the influence of neighborhood educational level on active transportation. However, little is known regarding the effect of commuting distance on social disparities in active commuting. In this regard, women have been poorly studied. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood educational level and active commuting, and to assess whether the commuting distance modifies this relationship in adult women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study is based on a subsample of women from the Nutrinet-Santé web-cohort (N = 1169). Binomial, log-binomial and negative binomial regressions were used to assess the associations between neighborhood education level and (i) the likelihood of reporting any active commuting time, and (ii) the share of commuting time made by active transportation modes. Potential effect measure modification of distance to work on the previous associations was assessed both on the additive and the multiplicative scales.ResultsNeighborhood education level was positively associated with the probability of reporting any active commuting time (relative risk = 1.774; p

Published
2017

9. Quels outils pour appréhender et analyser les mobilisations de Gilets jaunes et les données issues du Débat national ?

Author

Antolinos-Basso, Diego, Baciocchi, Stéphane, Cassor, Frédérik, Chanvril, Flora, Czerny, Estelle, Garcia, Guillaume, Garnier, Bénédicte, Hay, Viviane Le, Lepaux, Victor, Pressac, Jean-Baptiste, Salze, Paul, Savina, Yannick, and Institut national d'études démographiques (INED)

Subjects
Mouvement des Gilets Jaunes, analyse des mouvements sociaux, méthodes d'analyse, analyse des données textuelles, données du web, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Dans cet article introductif, nous revenons sur la genèse des journées d’études sur le mouvement des Gilets jaunes et le Débat national qui se sont déroulées les 16 et 17 janvier 2020. Après avoir replacé ces journées dans leur contexte – une mobilisation sociale inédite et un foisonnement d’analyses « à chaud » – ce texte présente les questions méthodologiques posées par l’étude de ce mouvement, de l’analyse des réseaux sociaux à l’épistémologie du débat. Nous détaillons ensuite quelques principaux résultats démontrés dans les articles du numéro (articles tirés d’expériences empiriques généralement qualifiées de « quantitatives »).

Published
2021

10. Gilets jaunes et Grand Débat National : outils, données et analyses

Author

Antolinos-Basso, Diego, Baciocchi, Stéphane, Cassor, Frédérik, Chanvril, Flora, Czerny, Estelle, Garcia, Guillaume, Garnier, Bénédicte, Le Hay, Viviane, Lepaux, Victor, Pressac, Jean-Baptiste, Salze, Paul, Savina, Yannick, and Antolinos-Basso, Diego

Subjects
transparency, social networks, machine learning, textual data analysis, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Yellow Vests, quantitative methods, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, French National Debate, social movement
Abstract

This special issue is drawn from a workshop held in Paris on January 16 and 17, 2020, about empirical ways ofstudying the French Yellow Vests movement and the “National Debate” it sparked.In this introductory article to this special issue, we take a look back at the origin of the workshop. After puttingit back in context – an unprecedented social mobilization and an abundance of analyses in the heat of themoment – we present the methodological questions raised by the study of this movement, from the analysis ofsocial networks to the epistemology of the debate. We then present some of the main results drawn from thearticles in the issue (articles that, given the journal, are drawn from empirical experiments usually described as "quantitative")., Dans cet article introductif, nous revenons sur la genèse des journées d’études sur le mouvement des Giletsjaunes et le Débat national qui se sont déroulées les 16 et 17 janvier 2020.Après avoir replacé ces journées dans leur contexte – une mobilisation sociale inédite et un foisonnementd’analyses « à chaud » – ce texte présente les questions méthodologiques posées par l’étude de ce mouvement,de l’analyse des réseaux sociaux à l’épistémologie du débat. Nous détaillons ensuite quelques principauxrésultats démontrés dans les articles du numéro (articles tirés d’expériences empiriques généralement qualifiéesde « quantitatives »).

Published
2021

12. Pour une géographie régionale des spécificités locales. L'exemple des liens entre environnement urbain et comportements individuels de santé

Author

Feuillet, Thierry, Salze, Paul, Charreire, Hélène, Hercberg, Serge, Simon, Chantal, Oppert, Jean-Michel, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Sciences du Sport (EA 1609) (CRESS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases [IHU ICAN], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Université Lyon 3, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Feuillet, Thierry, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne (Paris 12) (UPEC), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]

Subjects
[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

13. Identifying built environmental patterns using cluster analysis and GIS: Relationships with walking, cycling and body mass index in French adults

Author

Charreire Hélène, Weber Christiane, Chaix Basile, Salze Paul, Casey Romain, Banos Arnaud, Badariotti Dominique, Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle, Hercberg Serge, Simon Chantal, and Oppert Jean-Michel

Subjects
Built environment, Urban form, Geographical Information Systems, Cluster analysis, Health-enhancing physical activity, Walking, Cycling, Body Mass Index, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Socio-ecological models suggest that both individual and neighborhood characteristics contribute to facilitating health-enhancing behaviors such as physical activity. Few European studies have explored relationships between local built environmental characteristics, recreational walking and cycling and weight status in adults. The aim of this study was to identify built environmental patterns in a French urban context and to assess associations with recreational walking and cycling behaviors as performed by middle-aged adult residents. Methods We used a two-step procedure based on cluster analysis to identify built environmental patterns in the region surrounding Paris, France, using measures derived from Geographic Information Systems databases on green spaces, proximity facilities (destinations) and cycle paths. Individual data were obtained from participants in the SU.VI.MAX cohort; 1,309 participants residing in the Ile-de-France in 2007 were included in this analysis. Associations between built environment patterns, leisure walking/cycling data (h/week) and measured weight status were assessed using multinomial logistic regression with adjustment for individual and neighborhood characteristics. Results Based on accessibility to green spaces, proximity facilities and availability of cycle paths, seven built environmental patterns were identified. The geographic distribution of built environmental patterns in the Ile-de-France showed that a pattern characterized by poor spatial accessibility to green spaces and proximity facilities and an absence of cycle paths was found only in neighborhoods in the outer suburbs, whereas patterns characterized by better spatial accessibility to green spaces, proximity facilities and cycle paths were more evenly distributed across the region. Compared to the reference pattern (poor accessibility to green areas and facilities, absence of cycle paths), subjects residing in neighborhoods characterized by high accessibility to green areas and local facilities and by a high density of cycle paths were more likely to walk/cycle, after adjustment for individual and neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics (OR = 2.5 95%CI 1.4-4.6). Body mass index did not differ across patterns. Conclusions Built environmental patterns were associated with walking and cycling among French adults. These analyses may be useful in determining urban and public health policies aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle.

Published
2012
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14. Estimating spatial accessibility to facilities on the regional scale: an extended commuting-based interaction potential model

Author

Charreire Hélène, Oppert Jean-Michel, Banos Arnaud, Salze Paul, Casey Romain, Simon Chantal, Chaix Basile, Badariotti Dominique, and Weber Christiane

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Abstract Background There is growing interest in the study of the relationships between individual health-related behaviours (e.g. food intake and physical activity) and measurements of spatial accessibility to the associated facilities (e.g. food outlets and sport facilities). The aim of this study is to propose measurements of spatial accessibility to facilities on the regional scale, using aggregated data. We first used a potential accessibility model that partly makes it possible to overcome the limitations of the most frequently used indices such as the count of opportunities within a given neighbourhood. We then propose an extended model in order to take into account both home and work-based accessibility for a commuting population. Results Potential accessibility estimation provides a very different picture of the accessibility levels experienced by the population than the more classical "number of opportunities per census tract" index. The extended model for commuters increases the overall accessibility levels but this increase differs according to the urbanisation level. Strongest increases are observed in some rural municipalities with initial low accessibility levels. Distance to major urban poles seems to play an essential role. Conclusions Accessibility is a multi-dimensional concept that should integrate some aspects of travel behaviour. Our work supports the evidence that the choice of appropriate accessibility indices including both residential and non-residential environmental features is necessary. Such models have potential implications for providing relevant information to policy-makers in the field of public health.

Published
2011
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15. Active mobility and environment: a pilot qualitative study for the design of a new questionnaire

Author

Salze, Paul, Weber, Christiane, Feuillet, Thierry, Charreire, Hélène, Menai, Mehdi, Perchoux, Camille, Nazare, Julie-Anne, Simon, Chantal, Oppert, Jean-Michel, Enaux, Christophe, and Hess, Franck

Subjects
santé mentale, questionnaire, mobilité dans l'environnement, étude quantitative, étude qualitative, étude pilote, vie quotidienne, mobilité, santé physique
Abstract

It is generally accepted that active mobility, mainly walking and cycling, contributes to people's physical and mental health. One of the current challenges is to improve our understanding of this type of behaviour. This study aims to identify factors from the daily-life environment that may be related to active mobility behaviours, in order to design a new questionnaire for a quantitative study of a large adult population. The new questionnaire obtained through this pilot study combines information from interviews with existing questionnaires materials in order to introduce new factors while retaining the factors already assessed. This approach comprises three stages. The first was a content analysis (Reinert method) of interviews with a sample of participants about daily living activities as well as mobility. This stage led to a typology of factors suggested by interviews. The second was a scoping review of the literature in order to identify the active mobility questionnaires currently used in international literature. The last stage was a cross-tabulation of the factors resulting from the written interviews and the questionnaires. A table of the inter-relationships between the interview-based typology and the questionnaires shows discrepancies between factors considered by the existing questionnaires, and factors coming from individual interviews. Independent factors which were ignored in or absent from the questionnaires are the housing situation within the urban structure, overall consideration of the activity space beyond the limits of the residential neighbourhood, the perception of all the transportation modes, and the time scheduling impacting the modes actually used. Our new questionnaire integrates both the usual factors and the new factors that may be related to active mobility behaviours.

Published
2017

16. Additional file 1: of Neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting among women: the effect of distance between the place of residence and the place of work/study (an ACTI-Cités study)

Author

Perchoux, Camille, Julie-Anne Nazare, Benmarhnia, Tarik, Salze, Paul, Feuillet, Thierry, Hercberg, Serge, Hess, Franck, Menai, Mehdi, Weber, Christiane, Charreire, Hélène, Enaux, Christophe, Jean-Michel Oppert, and Simon, Chantal

Abstract

Distribution of the “share of total commuting time spent active” among active commuters, N = 537. (DOCX 13 kb)

Published
2017
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17. Additional file 3: of Neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting among women: the effect of distance between the place of residence and the place of work/study (an ACTI-Cités study)

Author

Perchoux, Camille, Julie-Anne Nazare, Benmarhnia, Tarik, Salze, Paul, Feuillet, Thierry, Hercberg, Serge, Hess, Franck, Menai, Mehdi, Weber, Christiane, Charreire, Hélène, Enaux, Christophe, Jean-Michel Oppert, and Simon, Chantal

Abstract

Sensitivity analysis: association between neighborhood education, distance to work* and the probability of reporting any active commuting (N = 1169). (DOCX 14 kb)

Published
2017
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18. Additional file 4: of Neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting among women: the effect of distance between the place of residence and the place of work/study (an ACTI-Cités study)

Author

Perchoux, Camille, Julie-Anne Nazare, Benmarhnia, Tarik, Salze, Paul, Feuillet, Thierry, Hercberg, Serge, Hess, Franck, Menai, Mehdi, Weber, Christiane, Charreire, Hélène, Enaux, Christophe, Jean-Michel Oppert, and Simon, Chantal

Abstract

Sensitivity analysis: association between neighborhood education, distance to work* and share of total commuting time spent active among active commuters (N = 537). (DOCX 13 kb)

Published
2017
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19. Additional file 2: of Neighborhood educational disparities in active commuting among women: the effect of distance between the place of residence and the place of work/study (an ACTI-Cités study)

Author

Perchoux, Camille, Julie-Anne Nazare, Benmarhnia, Tarik, Salze, Paul, Feuillet, Thierry, Hercberg, Serge, Hess, Franck, Menai, Mehdi, Weber, Christiane, Charreire, Hélène, Enaux, Christophe, Jean-Michel Oppert, and Simon, Chantal

Abstract

Additional analysis: association between neighborhood education level and the absolute time of active commuting, N = 537a. (DOCX 12 kb)

Published
2017
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21. Individual, Social, and Environmental Correlates of Active Transportation Patterns in French Women

Author

Perchoux, Camille, primary, Enaux, Christophe, additional, Oppert, Jean-Michel, additional, Menai, Mehdi, additional, Charreire, Hélène, additional, Salze, Paul, additional, Weber, Christiane, additional, Hercberg, Serge, additional, Feuillet, Thierry, additional, Hess, Franck, additional, Roda, Célina, additional, Simon, Chantal, additional, and Nazare, Julie-Anne, additional

Published
2017
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22. TOXI-CITY: an agent-based model for exploring the effects of risk awareness and spatial configuration on the survival rate in the case of industrial accidents

Author

Salze, Paul, Beck, Elise, Douvinet, Johnny, Amalric, Marion, Bonnet, Emmanuel, Daudé, Eric, Duraffour, Françoise, Sheeren, David, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Caen), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), MAPS, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours

Subjects
urban morphology, technological risk, spatial behaviour, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, simulation, agent-based model, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Industrial accidents are a major risk in many countries. Despite this observation, effective preventive action is not being developed and studies of the behaviours of vulnerable populations remain under-explored. According to safety instructions, residents must take shelter and remain indoors but other behaviours may be observed such as: running away from the affected area, panicking, or following people around. In order to assess the attitudes of people and the effects of local contingencies that could interfere with official advice in the event of a toxic cloud, a specific agent-based model called TOXI-CITY has been developed. The aim of this explorative model is to determine whether a minimum number of well-informed agents (i.e. those who follow the emergency protocol) can save a maximum number of uninformed and impressionable ones. Simulations indicate that the initial number of agents and the spatial configuration of the grid strongly influence final survival rates. A non-linear pattern emerged: survival rates increase when well-informed agent rates are low (below 30 %) while increasing the percentage of informed agents (from 70 %) seems to improve only slightly the chances of survival.; Les accidents industriels constituent un risque majeur dans de nombreuses parties du monde. Cependant, les actions de prévention efficaces manquent et les études sur les comportements des populations vulnérables sont peu développées. Selon les consignes de sécurité habituelles, en cas d'accident industriel les habitants doivent se confiner et rester à l'intérieur. Pourtant d'autres comportements peuvent être observés, comme par exemple s'enfuir pour quitter la zone affectée, céder à la panique, ou suivre une personne à proximité. Afin d'évaluer les comportements des individus et les effets de contingences locales qui pourraient entrer en contradiction avec les consignes officielles en cas d'accident toxique, un modèle multi-agents, TOXI-CITY, a été développé. L'objectif de ce modèle exploratoire est de déterminer si un nombre minimum d'agents bien informés (autrement dit ceux qui suivent les consignes de sécurité) peuvent sauver un maximum d'agents non informés ou influençables. Les simulations montrent que le nombre initial d'agents et la configuration spatiale de la grille influencent grandement les taux de survie. Un effet non-linéaire émerge : le taux de survie augmente lorsque la proportion d'agents bien informés est faible (en-dessous de 30 %) alors qu'un pourcentage croissant d'agents informés (au-dessus de 70 %) semble peu améliorer les chances de survie.

Published
2014

23. Recueil de fiches pédagogiques du réseau MAPS. Modélisation multi-Agents appliquée aux Phénomènes Spatialisés. 2009-2014

Author

Gaudieux, Aurélie, Abrami, Géraldine, Amalric, Marion, Amblard, Frédéric, Anselme, Brice, Banos, Arnaud, Beck, Elise, Becu, Nicolas, Blanpain, Baptiste, Caillault, Sébastien, Corson, Nathalie, Daudé, Eric, Debolini, Marta, Delay, Etienne, Duraffour, Françoise, Benoit Gaudou, Houet, Thomas, Langlois, Patrice, Laperrière, Vincent, Lemoy, Rémi, Louail, Thomas, Marilleau, Nicolas, Miahle, François, Monteil, Claude, Moreno, Diego, Pivano, Cyril, Reulier, Romain, Coyrehourcq, Sebastien Rey, Rousseaux, Frédéric, Salze, Paul, Schmitt, Clara, Sheeren, David, Taillandier, Patrick, Thierry, Hugo, and Vannier, Clémence

Published
2014
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24. Walking and cycling for commuting, leisure and errands: relations with individual characteristics and leisure-time physical activity in a cross-sectional survey (the ACTI-Cités project)

Author

Menai, Mehdi, primary, Charreire, Hélène, additional, Feuillet, Thierry, additional, Salze, Paul, additional, Weber, Christiane, additional, Enaux, Christophe, additional, Andreeva, Valentina A., additional, Hercberg, Serge, additional, Nazare, Julie-Anne, additional, Perchoux, Camille, additional, Simon, Chantal, additional, and Oppert, Jean-Michel, additional

Published
2015
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25. Physical activity and daily travel in adolescents : an agent-based model for exploring the link between living environment and the socio-spatial dynamics of practices

Author

Salze, Paul, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université de Strasbourg, Dominique Badariotti, and Chantal Simon

Subjects
Agent-based model, Modèle à base d'agents, Socio-spatial dynamics, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Pratiques d'activité physique, Physical activity practices, Dynamiques socio-spatiales, Relational approach, Adolescents, Approche relationnelle, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Embedded in current research on determinants of health-related behaviours, this thesis develops an agentbased model to further explore and explain the links between living environment and physical activity in adolescents. Challenging the theoretical and empirical basis of the socio-ecological model that underpins most of current studies, this work leads to a relational conceptual framework that integrates social positions and dispositions with daily mobility and physical activity in both a spatial and temporal perspective. Three increasingly complex agent-based models are developped on this unusual framework that does not explicitly include interactions. Although further investigation is required to fully understand the properties of the models, the study highlights the benefits of this modelling approach that identifies new ways of thinking andanalytical opportunities and gives feedback on the data used.; Inscrite dans le courant de recherches actuelles portant sur les déterminants des comportements en lien avec la santé, cette thèse a pour objectif de contribuer, au travers du développement d'un modèle à base d'agents, à une meilleure connaissance des relations entre le cadre de vie d'adolescents et leurs pratiques d'activité physique. Questionnant les fondements théoriques et empiriques du modèle socio-écologique qui guide la majorité des études actuelles, ce travail a conduit à l'élaboration d'un schéma conceptuel relationnel intégrant les notions de positions et dispositions sociales, ainsi que les liens entre pratiques de mobilité quotidienne et pratiques d'activités situées dans le temps et l'espace géographique. L'implémentation de ce schéma conceptuel a abouti à la réalisation de trois modèles à base d'agents de complexité croissante, dont l'originalité réside dans la non-inclusion explicite d'interactions. Ce travail, bien qu'inachevé en ce quiconcerne l'exploration des propriétés des modèles, a permis de souligner l'intérêt heuristique de la modélisation, permettant d'un côté d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives d'analyses, et d'un autre côté, d'offrir un retour sur les données utilisées.

Published
2013

26. Land use in Tonkean macaques

Author

Sueur, C., Salze, Paul, Weber, Christiane, Petit, Odile, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Ecologie Sociale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), master, and Weber, Christiane

Subjects
Primates, Topography, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, GPS, Temperature, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, GIS, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Activity budget, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Spatial autocorrelation, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Wild animals use their habitat according to ecological pressures such as predation, resource availability or temperature, yet little is known about how individuals use their environment in semi free-ranging conditions. We assessed whether a semi-free ranging group of Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana used its wooded parkland in a heterogeneous way. GIS and GPS were used to determine whether individuals adjusted their behaviors according to variation in environmental constraints over time of day and the course of a year. We demonstrated that social and resting activities occurred in high altitude areas and areas with a high density of bushes, whereas the group foraged in areas where the density of bushes and grass was low. In general, the animals used areas exposed to the sun that were not on a slope. Semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques seemed to behave like their wild counterparts in terms of activity budget, land use per activity and thermoregulation

Published
2011

27. Estimating spatial accessibility to facilities at the regional scale: refining and extending an interaction potential model for proximity services and commuters

Author

Salze, Paul, Banos, Arnaud, Oppert, Jean-Michel, Charreire, Hélène, Casey, Romain, Simon, Chantal, Chaix, Basile, Badariotti, Dominique, Weber, Christiane, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de nutrition, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (UREN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Régulations métaboliques, nutrition et diabètes - UM55 (RMND UM55), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Régulations métaboliques, nutrition et diabètes (RMND), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)

Subjects
spatial accessibility, commuters, interaction potential model, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, proximity services
Abstract

Background There is growing interest in the study of the relationships between individual health-related behaviours (e.g. food intake and physical activity) and measurements of spatial accessibility to the associated facilities (e.g. food outlets and sport facilities). The aim of this study is to propose measurements of spatial accessibility to facilities on the regional scale, using aggregated data. We first used a potential accessibility model that partly makes it possible to overcome the limitations of the most frequently used indices such as the count of opportunities within a given neighbourhood. We then propose an extended model in order to take into account both home and work-based accessibility for a commuting population. Results Potential accessibility estimation provides a very different picture of the accessibility levels experienced by the population than the more classical "number of opportunities per census tract" index. The extended model for commuters increases the overall accessibility levels but this increase differs according to the urbanisation level. Strongest increases are observed in some rural municipalities with initial low accessibility levels. Distance to major urban poles seems to play an essential role. Conclusions Accessibility is a multi-dimensional concept that should integrate some aspects of travel behaviour. Our work supports the evidence that the choice of appropriate accessibility indices including both residential and non-residential environmental features is necessary. Such models have potential implications for providing relevant information to policy-makers in the field of public health.

Published
2011

28. Spatial heterogeneity of the relationships between environmental characteristics and active commuting: towards a locally varying social ecological model

Author

Feuillet, Thierry, primary, Charreire, Hélène, additional, Menai, Mehdi, additional, Salze, Paul, additional, Simon, Chantal, additional, Dugas, Julien, additional, Hercberg, Serge, additional, Andreeva, Valentina A, additional, Enaux, Christophe, additional, Weber, Christiane, additional, and Oppert, Jean-Michel, additional

Published
2015
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32. Estimating spatial accessibility to facilities on the regional scale: an extended commuting-based interaction potential model

Author

Paul Salze, Jean-Michel Oppert, Arnaud Banos, Dominique Badariotti, Christiane Weber, Basile Chaix, Romain Casey, Hélène Charreire, Chantal Simon, BMC, Ed., Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (UREN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Nutrition [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Institut E3M [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ELIANE is a project supported by the French National Research Agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-07-PNRA-004)., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de nutrition [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Salze, Paul, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
INDICATORS, Time Factors, Health Behavior, Business, Management and Accounting(all), 0211 other engineering and technologies, Transportation, LOCAL FOOD ENVIRONMENT, 02 engineering and technology, MESH: Linear Models, 0302 clinical medicine, DISPARITIES, MESH: Demography, 11. Sustainability, 030212 general & internal medicine, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, BUILT ENVIRONMENT, SPACE-TIME, HEALTH, ACCESS, AVAILABILITY, SCIENCE, Neighbourhood (mathematics), MESH: Travel, Built environment, Travel, education.field_of_study, Architectural Accessibility, 021107 urban & regional planning, Geography, Scale (social sciences), lcsh:R858-859.7, France, Computer Science(all), General Computer Science, Health geography, MESH: Health Behavior, Population, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, MESH: Architectural Accessibility, 03 medical and health sciences, Urbanization, Humans, education, Demography, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, MESH: Transportation, MESH: Time Factors, Methodology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental economics, General Business, Management and Accounting, Field (geography), MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Linear Models, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Models, Statistical
Abstract

Background There is growing interest in the study of the relationships between individual health-related behaviours (e.g. food intake and physical activity) and measurements of spatial accessibility to the associated facilities (e.g. food outlets and sport facilities). The aim of this study is to propose measurements of spatial accessibility to facilities on the regional scale, using aggregated data. We first used a potential accessibility model that partly makes it possible to overcome the limitations of the most frequently used indices such as the count of opportunities within a given neighbourhood. We then propose an extended model in order to take into account both home and work-based accessibility for a commuting population. Results Potential accessibility estimation provides a very different picture of the accessibility levels experienced by the population than the more classical "number of opportunities per census tract" index. The extended model for commuters increases the overall accessibility levels but this increase differs according to the urbanisation level. Strongest increases are observed in some rural municipalities with initial low accessibility levels. Distance to major urban poles seems to play an essential role. Conclusions Accessibility is a multi-dimensional concept that should integrate some aspects of travel behaviour. Our work supports the evidence that the choice of appropriate accessibility indices including both residential and non-residential environmental features is necessary. Such models have potential implications for providing relevant information to policy-makers in the field of public health.

Published
2011

33. Measuring the food environment using geographical information systems: a methodological review.

Author

Charreire H, Casey R, Salze P, Simon C, Chaix B, Banos A, Badariotti D, Weber C, and Oppert JM

Subjects
Food Preferences, Food Supply statistics & numerical data, Humans, MEDLARS, Nutrition Surveys, PubMed, Residence Characteristics, Restaurants statistics & numerical data, Transportation, Environment, Food statistics & numerical data, Geographic Information Systems
Abstract

Objective: Through a literature review, we investigated the geographic information systems (GIS) methods used to define the food environment and the types of spatial measurements they generate., Design: Review study., Setting: Searches were conducted in health science databases, including Medline/Pubmed, PsycINFO, Francis and GeoBase. We included studies using GIS-based measures of the food environment published up to 1 June 2008., Results: Twenty-nine papers were included. Two different spatial approaches were identified. The density approach quantifies the availability of food outlets using the buffer method, kernel density estimation or spatial clustering. The proximity approach assesses the distance to food outlets by measuring distances or travel times. GIS network analysis tools enable the modelling of travel time between referent addresses (home) and food outlets for a given transportation network and mode, and the assumption of travel routing behaviours. Numerous studies combined both approaches to compare food outlet spatial accessibility between different types of neighbourhoods or to investigate relationships between characteristics of the food environment and individual food behaviour., Conclusions: GIS methods provide new approaches for assessing the food environment by modelling spatial accessibility to food outlets. On the basis of the available literature, it appears that only some GIS methods have been used, while other GIS methods combining availability and proximity, such as spatial interaction models, have not yet been applied to this field. Future research would also benefit from a combination of GIS methods with survey approaches to describe both spatial and social food outlet accessibility as important determinants of individual food behaviours.

Published
2010
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