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During the state of epidemic in Poland in 2020, all facilities providing medical services were subject to constant reorganization. Legal changes, which were introduced at a very rapid pace, did not allow the standardization of the work of the health service. Therefore, the assessment of the practical effects of the introduced legal measures is challenging due to the lack of fixed benchmarks. Accordingly, the research method used in the article is a survey conducted among employees of the Voivodeship Specialist Hospital in December 2020, in which 165 employees from different wards participated. For this purpose, the article presents the detailed description of policy regulations related to healthcare management introduced in Poland in 2020. Combining legal research and qualitative data allowed general conclusions to be drawn with regard to the quality assessment of the implemented policy measures from the perspective of healthcare professionals.

Accelerators have been becoming increasingly popular among young entrepreneurs interested in developing products, attracting investors, or establishing relations with industry represented by large companies.

The aim of the research was to determine the possibility of producing and using layered composites made of aluminium and magnesium alloys Al1050-AZ31-Al1050. The use of layered composites often results from economic conditions. The work analyzed the current research, technological and production potential, as well as selected microstructural phenomena occurring in the tested multilayer materials and the effects of the rolling process. The material for the study was obtained using the explosion welding technology, one of the few enabling universal joining of often difficult-to-weld metals. The rolling process was carried out on a semi-industrial duo rolling mill with a roller diameter of Ø300 mm. The composite input material for the rolling process was heated to a temperature of 380 °C. The effect of the rolling process on the distribution of metal pressure forces on the rolls, the geometric parameters and the microstructural changes occurring in the plastically formed layered composite were an-alysed, and the energy gain from using a structure in which the currently used aluminium com-ponents were replaced with the tested composite was estimated. The research results presented in this paper prove that in the rolling process of the layered composite there are differences in the deformation values of the Al1050 and AZ31 layers. These differences are caused by the properties of the materials combined into the layered composite. The use of the proposed composite material in industrial conditions will enable the weight of selected elements to be reduced by up to 60%, which will have a positive impact on the energy efficiency of the entire structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, sustainable development is becoming a model for significant improvements in the modern world. Taking into consideration possible future challenges, transport must have sustainable features. Today, such a type of transportation as intermodal transport (transport that uses more than one mode of transportation) is gaining relevance. It is one of the most promising types of transport from an economic and environmental point of view. In this paper, the importance of sustainable development of intermodal freight transport is analyzed; the state of foreign trade and the trade balance in Ukraine and Poland are examined; and the sustainable development trends and prospects of trade relations between two countries are determined, taking into account the existing product structure. It is noted that the post-war recovery of Ukraine will require the activation of logistical flows with EU countries. The analysis of the state of freight transport by various modes of transport allowed for theoretically justifying the insufficient attention given to the development of intermodal freight transport between Ukraine and Poland for logistics optimization in international trade. From a methodological perspective, it is proposed to describe the subject area in terms of graph theory. The practical contribution involved the testing of the proposed model of intermodal freight transport to optimize logistics flows in international trade between Ukraine and Poland, considering the minimization of transport service costs and time. This required refining the mathematical apparatus based on the method of successive moves and linking their development to specific supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article aims to assess the knowledge and interest in the offer of technology parks by students of faculties offering theoretical and practical knowledge about starting and running a business. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire plus the Pearson correlation coefficient and the T-Czuprow dependence coefficient were used to examine the relationship between the study variables. Findings: Students are well acquainted with the offer of technology parks, while not sufficiently aware that these entities can provide them with support at the stage of setting up or developing their business activity. Practical implications: Intensifying activities promoting the activities of the surveyed institutions at universities could activate entrepreneurial thinking and the involvement of academic youth. Originality/value: The article highlights the important role of technology parks in supporting young entrepreneurs, which makes it a valuable source of information for those interested in starting their own businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing companies strive to minimize costs, maximize efficiency and improve production quality, which is crucial for market competitiveness. As companies grow and technologies evolve, increasingly complex challenges arise in effectively managing and improving production processes. One of the tools that helps companies improve their processes is value-stream mapping (VSM). The article focuses on the use of VSM in the production process of hand tools used in the construction industry. The paper presents selected aspects of the optimization of the production process using the mapping concept. The research identified and characterized the most important processes occurring in the production of hand tools used in construction. Then, basic data on the value stream was collected and the need for improvements and actions aimed at optimizing the value stream was indicated. Financial results, key performance indicators (KPIs), machine operation and reliability, energy consumption in the production process and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) before and after improvements were calculated. The analysis carried out allowed for the optimization of the production process in terms of economy and energy consumption. As a result of the improvements, the productivity of injection-molding workers increased by 9.4% and the overall equipment efficiency by 18%. The machine availability rate increased from 70.3% to 85.2%. After implementing the improvements, the company is able to save approximately 295,488 kWh annually, i.e., approximately EUR 53,253, while 1 kWh currently costs producers in Poland EUR 0.18. The conclusions and results described in the paper constitute a solid basis for further development of an improvement project for the selected company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) is the property of International Institute of Innovation Science-Education-Development in Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Optimum. Economic Studies is the property of University of Bialystok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)