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Salvia aramiensis Rech., a perennial species native to the Eastern Mediterranean, is used for medicinal purposes and as herbal tea. The cultivation possibilities, herbage yield, essential oil content and components of S. aramiensis were investigated in two different elevations (Adana 28 m above sea level (asl) and Pozantı 1200 m asl) in the continental and Mediterranean type of climate for 2 years. The measured plant parameters were plant height, herbage, leaf and flower fresh and dry yields, essential oil content and composition. Plant height differences were not significant at both locations and years. The highest herbage yield (7406 kg ha-1 ) was obtained from Adana in the 1st year and the lowest was (2222 kg ha-1 ) obtained in Pozantı in the 2nd year. Essential oil contents varied between 1.5 and 2.9%. The highest leaf essential oil content and yield were obtained from Adana in the 2nd year and the lowest was obtained from Pozantı in the 1st year. The major essential oil found in the leaves and the flowers were α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, borneol, camphor and viridiflorol at both locations. The results of the study showed that S. aramiensis could better adapt and successfully cultivated under plain conditions of the Eastern Mediterranean region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvia aramiensis Rech. f. is a species that grows only in Hatay, Turkey and is used as a traditional stomachic tea. Neither the chemical composition nor the potential bioactivity of the plant has been investigated before. Antioxidant activity (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical (DPPH●) and 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+●) radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation) of 70% methanol, 70% ethanol extracts, and 2% infusion obtained from S. aramiensis aerial parts were determined. The effect of 70% methanol extract on collagenase and elastase enzyme inhibition and its chemical composition via chromatographic methods (LC-MS/MS and HPLC) were analyzed. Nanoliposomes were developed with 70% methanol extract, were characterized, and were evaluated. The key parameters for the most active 70% methanol extract included the following DPPH•EC50: 28.4 µg/mL, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/ABTS: 1.77 ± 0.09 mmol/L/Trolox. Furthermore 70% methanol extract showed more than 50% inhibition on collagenase and elastase enzymes at all the concentrations. The main component of the extract, rich in phenolic compounds, has been identified as rosmarinic acid; 83.7 µg/mL extract was released from the nanoliposomal formulation. The extract and its formulation are found to be nontoxic on the L929 fibroblast cell line. This study successfully developed a long-term antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory formulation containing S. aramiensis, which has been used safely among the public for years.

Salvia aramiensis and S. tomentosa species are naturally grown salvia species in Hatay province of Turkey. There has not been any attempt to cultivate these two species in Turkey. A two-year study was conducted to determine cultivation possibility of S. aramiensis and S. tomentosa under the eastern Mediterranean conditions in the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons in Hatay, Turkey. The measured plant parameters were plant height, herbage yield, essential oil content and components. Plant heights of S. tomentosa were 102.3 and 95.60 cm and plant heights of S. aramiensis were 88.35 and 97.40 cm in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Salvia tomentosa had the highest herbage yield with 40.45 g/plant while S. aramiensis had the lowest herbage yield with 37.30 g/plant in 2011. In the second year of the study, the herbage yield of S. aramiensis and S. tomentosa were 42.50 and 43.05 g/plant, respectively. Essential oil contents of S. aramiensis and S. tomentosa varied between 1.25 and 1.35% in 2011 and 1.30 and 1.20% in 2012, respectively. The major essential oil components of S. aramiensis were 1.8-cineole, camphor, para-cymeme, sabinene, germacrene-D, thujone, camphene and borneol. The major essential oil components of S. tomentosa were a-pinen, b-pinen, limonen, eucalyptol, linalool, b-mirsen, camfen, 1,8-cineole, camphor, β-caryophyllene α-humulene. With respect to herbage yield and essential oil content, Salvia aramiensis and S. tomentosa can be successfully cultivated under the eastern Mediterranean conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Essential oils of three different Salvia species [Salvia aucheri var. aucheri (endemic), Salvia aramiensis and Salvia pilifera (endemic)] were screened for their possible antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as well as their chemical compositions. According to the gas chromatography (GC)/EIMS (gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrum) analysis results; 41 (97.2%), 51 (98.5%) and 83 compounds (98.2%) were identified, respectively. While 1,8-cineole (30.5%), camphor (21.3%) and borneol (8.50%) are the major compounds for S. aucheri var. aucheri oil, β-pinene (10.3%), was the main constituent for S. aramienesis together with 1,8-cineole (46.0%) and camphor (8.7%). In the case of S. pilifera oil, α-thujene (36.1%) and α-pinene (13.8%) determined as the major compounds. Antioxidant activity was employed by two complementary test systems namely 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid systems. Antioxidant activity of S. aramiensis was found to be higher than those of the others for the both systems (12.26±1.09 and 92.46%±1.64μgmg−1, respectively). Additionally, antioxidant activities of BHT, curcumin, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol were determined in parallel experiments. In the case of antimicrobial activity, similar activity pattern was obtained (both in disc diffusion and MIC tests). Antimicrobial activity of S. aramiensis was followed by S. aucheri var. aucheri and S. pilifera, respectively. In these experiments, the most sensitive microorganism Acinetobacter lwoffii was followed by Candida albicans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Salvia aramiensis Rech. f. is a species that grows only in Hatay, Turkey and is used as a traditional stomachic tea. Neither the chemical composition nor the potential bioactivity of the plant has been investigated before. Antioxidant activity (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical (DPPH●) and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+●) radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation) of 70% methanol, 70% ethanol extracts, and 2% infusion obtained from S. aramiensis aerial parts were determined. The effect of 70% methanol extract on collagenase and elastase enzyme inhibition and its chemical composition via chromatographic methods (LC-MS/MS and HPLC) were analyzed. Nanoliposomes were developed with 70% methanol extract, were characterized, and were evaluated. The key parameters for the most active 70% methanol extract included the following DPPH•EC50: 28.4 µg/mL, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/ABTS: 1.77 ± 0.09 mmol/L/Trolox. Furthermore 70% methanol extract showed more than 50% inhibition on collagenase and elastase enzymes at all the concentrations. The main component of the extract, rich in phenolic compounds, has been identified as rosmarinic acid; 83.7 µg/mL extract was released from the nanoliposomal formulation. The extract and its formulation are found to be nontoxic on the L929 fibroblast cell line. This study successfully developed a long-term antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory formulation containing S. aramiensis, which has been used safely among the public for years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]