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Nanotechnology is considered one of the key technologies of the 21st century within Europe and a Key-Enabling Technology (KET) by H2020. The production of knowledge in nanotechnology is very intensive as a great amount of research projects is launched each year on national and European level. Standardization has been identified in H2020 as one of the innovation-support measures by bridging the gap between research and the market, and helping the fast and easy transfer of research results to the European and international market, providing interoperability between new and existing products, services and processes. The development of new and improved standards requires high quality technical information. This creates a fundamental interdependency between the standardization and research communities. Integration of European research and standardization is a recurring topic, widely recognized and promoted by European Commission (EC), European Standardization System (ESS) and other interested parties. In addition, agents of ESS and European Innovation System (EIS) have been or are being involved in projects related to that topic (e.g. FP6 -INTEREST, FP7 nanoSTAIR, BRIDGIT). In the frame of project nanoSTAIR (GA 319092), a European strategy to support the transfer of knowledge gained through research to standards and standardization deliverables and impulse standardization in research, either at national or European level, has been proposed. The nanoSTAIR strategic approach is based on the systematic analysis of the barriers that have been identified and of the possible ways to overcome these barriers, involving all relevant actors and identifying the possible benefits for them. The nanoSTAIR consortium identified and selected a set of 4 strategic objectives, aimed at bridging barriers and facilitate connections between research and standardization: 1) Ensure that nanotechnology standardization is visualized as a demand to be satisfied by researchers, research organizations and research projects, 2) Provide support to research projects, from the European Standardization System (ESS), 3) Provide support to ESS, from the research community and 4) Establish and deploy a sustainable platform of services - nanoSTAIR - to facilitate the interaction between research and standardization. In parallel, 53 targeted strategic activities - at European level only, national level or in both areas - were proposed to deploy these four strategic objectives. By type of barrier concerned, the largest number of actions (78%) is directed towards the awareness and recognition of standardization, as a strategic pillar to establish direct connections between research and standardization. Actions to provide resources and actions to improve the standardization process represent the remaining 22%, equally distributed (11% each). In this context, the present paper describes the European scenario on research and standardization in nanotechnology and the key players, and presents a proposal of a European strategy to impulse direct “pipelines” between research and standardization.

The investment in the production of renewable energies is experiencing a great development in the world and in particular in Europe. The main drivers are at political, economical and strategic level, and they find their expression in the Renewable Energy Directive (Directive 2009/28/EC), the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan), the Energy and Climate Change policy framework and in the Energy 2020 strategy, A strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy. The main objective of this development is to find alternative energies to replace the fossil energy dependence which is more sustainable and reduce CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, new energy produced by new technologies often generates new risks that have to be properly addressed to guarantee that the transition to a new energy mix with more renewable energy will be performed safely an reach a wide public acceptance. The production of biogas is positioned as energy which can not only generate a source of renewable energy but also which recycles waste. In the context of sustainable development, the place of biogas is therefore essential. Several questions about safety issues, the harmonization of the regulations and the need to develop standards are discussed in this paper, based on the results of the activities of a European Working Group on Biogas Safety and Regulation (EWGBSR) created in 2011. The risks corresponding to the biogas production and use have been framed using the method and tools resulting from the iNTeg-Risk project (www.integ-risk.eu-vri.eu). Several deficits have been identified and a strategy to improve risk management proposed by the EWGBSR. This paper presents the context of biogas in Europe and the strategy proposed by the European working group, covering technical aspects, regulatory and standardization aspects and organizational aspects such as learning from accidents and sharing experience.

The production of biogas is positioned as energy which can not only generate a source of renewable energy but also which recycles waste. In the context of sustainable development, the place of biogas is therefore essential. Several questions about safety issues, the harmonization of the regulations and the need to develop standards are discussed in this paper, based on the results of a workshop on biogas safety and regulation organized in November 2010 and the activities of the European Working Group on Biogas Safety and Regulation created after the workshop. The risks corresponding to the biogas production and use have been framed using iNTeg-Risk method and tools. Several deficits for risk management have been identified and a strategy to improve risk management proposed by the working group is presented at the end of the paper. La producción del biogás se ha posicionado como energía que no solamente genera un recurso de energía renovable sino también que recicla desperdicio. En el contexto del desarrollo sostenible, el lugar del biogás es por lo tanto esencial. Algunas preguntas de temas de seguridad como la armonización de las regulaciones y la necesidad de desarrollar estándares se discutirán en este texto basados en los resultados del taller sobre la seguridad del biogás y las regulaciones organizado en noviembre del 2010 y las actividades del grupo de trabajo europeo sobre la seguridad del biogás y la regulación creada después del taller. Los riesgos correspondientes a la producción del biogás y su uso han sido enmarcados usando el método y las herramientas iNTeg-Risk. Varios déficits para el manejo de riesgo han sido identificados y, a su vez, el grupo de trabajo presenta una estrategia para mejorar la gestión de riesgos al final de este trabajo.

INERIS is the French institute on Industrial Risk and Environment (www.ineris.fr). A growing activity on risk related to nanomaterials has been developed since 2004. Our activities are defined through two approaches : 'Health and Environment', and 'Prevention and Innovation'. INERIS works with several communities including industry, academic researchers and governmental agencies and ministries. In that case, NMs are considered as pollutants. Their behavior is studied from the source to the human body or any animal, plant. Both air and liquids are considered. Emission parameters transport and transformation, exposure and bio-distribution are taken into account, both on the base of experiments and modeling. The objective is to contribute to the long term research on risk related to NMs, especially to support future legislation and standardization. That is why most of the experiments are carried out at INERIS on the powders selected by OECD. The purpose of this second approach is to provide operational, easy-to-use and low cost tools for risk prevention. This innovative approach enables to make sustainable and safe products. The main idea is to develop tools to assess the safety on the life cycle of any future nanomanufactured product. For instance, experimental facilities have been developed to assess possible NP risks during the fabrication process ('industry'), the product use ('risk for consumer'), combustion ('end of life'), and accidental risks associated to nanomaterials (explosion, fire, etc.). INERIS researchers and engineers support national (e.g. ANSES) and international working groups, e.g. ISO and CEN standardization, OECD (Working Party on NanoMaterials), and nano-REACH. INERIS has contributed and contributes to several European Research programs (Nanosafe2, Saphir, Nanofol, Nanodevice, Demcamer, Marina, etc.).

New energies are experiencing a great development in the world and particularly in Europe. As a result, solar panels, wind turbines and other ecological technologies are more and more installed in many European countries and are constantly evolving. The main purpose is to find an alternative energy replacing the fossil energy dependence which is more sustainable and reduce C02 emissions. Biogas has a special major advantage: it reuses the waste as raw materials. The production of biogas is positioned as energy which can not only generate a source of energy known as 'green' but also which can recycle waste. In a context of sustainable development, the place of the biogas is therefore essential. However, the processes of anaerobic digestion or biogas are continually improving and new ideas for the uses of this gas continue to emerge. Thus, the risks corresponding to processes of biogas production from biomass are still too little known. Several questions appear about the optimization of the production, the safety, the harmonization of the regulations and the need to develop standards (at EU or International Level). To find answers to these questions, INERIS and EU-VRi took the initiative to organize a workshop on biogas safety and regulation on November 24, 2010 in Paris. The communication helps to share knowledge, to structure questions, and to propose answers on further actions aiming at improving safety of biogas production and supporting the quick and sustainable deployment of this energy. The key messages from the workshop can be summarized as follows. Regarding the safe production and uses of biogas, it is important to reach a harmonization at least at EU level. The workshop pointed out the need to create a "safety network" and a platform to share safety information and best practices (database). The participants also agreed that an important issue for safety is the systematic performance of risk analysis for all stages of operation.

International audience; The global warming debate forces the vehicle industry to come up with new environmentally friendly solutions. In 10 years time, or even faster depending on the pressure from different governments in particular in Europe, vehicles will not only use gasoline, diesel and LPG, but also CNG, Hydrogen, ethanol, DME and other bio-fuels, as well as batteries and fuel cells. This quick development and the diversity of new energy carriers can jeopardize the safety in underground infrastructures such as tunnels or car parks. This can cause a major drawback in the adoption of new energy carriers as regulators or operators may prohibit use of these vehicles in underground systems if no new relevant measures will be taken. Unclear situation will also affect the implementation of international policies aiming at reducing the environmental footprint and especially CO2 emission in road traffic. The problem became clear after a workshop with the vehicle industry, tunnel operators, authorities, and safety experts organised in November 2008 by L-surF Services with the support of ITA-COSUF, ECTP and HYSAFE. This workshop demonstrated that the construction sector lacks appropriate design data and tools as well as knowledge to build safe underground infrastructure compatible with a diversity of new and alternative energy carriers. Vehicle industry, infrastructure operators and regulators have not yet addressed this problem. In a first part, an overview of the regulatory situation regarding safety and security of the admission of new energy carriers for vehicles in underground infrastructures is presented. Then, a detailed review of previous relevant research projects performed makes it possible to formulate recommendations in terms of a strategic research & development agenda. The overview shows that it is necessary to develop an integrated risk assessment and management method specific for underground transport systems, metros and hubs in confined spaces taking into account the "emerging risk" aspects.

Between 2004 and 2007, 19 European organizations representing 12 Member States worked together in a coordination action called SHAPE-RISK (sharing experience on risk management (health, safety and environment) to design future industrial systems). Co-ordination Actions are multi-partner actions intended to promote and support the networking and co-ordination of research. They cover the definition, organisation and management of joint or common initiatives, as well as activities such as the organisation of conferences, meetings, the carrying out of studies, exchanges of personnel, the exchange and dissemination of good practice, and setting up common information systems and expert groups. The project was coordinated by INERIS (Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques). The overall objective of the SHAPE-RISK project was to optimize the efficiency of integrated risk management in the context of the sustainable development of the European process industry. In this initiative, risk management was related to the environment (referring to the IPPC Directive), major accident hazards (referring to the SEVESO II Directive), and occupational health and safety (referring to the Directive on the safety and health of workers at work, and in particular the ATEX Directives). The main results of the project were recommendations organised in four categories : - Regulatory issues : creation of a meta-directive define the principles to implement an integrated risk management ; - Technical issues : creation of a European "one-stop shop" to support integrated risk management ; - Human and organisational issues: improve safety management by working on human performance ; - Risk Communication and governance: take into account the risk perception in the risk decision making process. Based on these results and other work performed at international level such as the projects of IRGC, the iNTeg-Risk project was developed. The papers will present the main results of SHAPE-RISK and their use in the design of the iNTeg-Risk project.

National audience; The evolution of technologies and of the society, the transformation of our planet produce new risks at a regular pace. Lack of anticipation of risks has led in the past to disasters or at least to blockage of the development of technologies due to fears that they provoked among the population. Presently, new emerging risks are addressed through the precautionary principle, the application of which is far from being obvious because of a lack of a commonly agreed methodological framework. Emerging risks are characterised by their diversity. They can be caused by new technologies such as nanotechnologies or genetically modified organisms. But emerging risks can also rise from an evolution of the society as risk generator, as it is the case for terrorism, or an evolution of vulnerability, knowledge or even perception of the society with relation to existing sources of hazard which had never been considered as such before. In the first part of the paper, the stakes and needs in terms of emerging risks are presented. The need for an integrated approach is particularly stressed. In a second part, the iNTeg-Risk (Early Recognition, Monitoring and Integrated Management of Emerging, New Technology Related Risks) project is presented. Its main goals are to develop concrete tools and methods for a better integrated management of emerging risks.; Le développement technologique, les évolutions de la société, les transformations de notre planète font émerger régulièrement des risques nouveaux. L'absence d'anticipation de certains de ces risques a conduit par le passé, dans le pire des cas à des catastrophes technologiques, dans d'autres à des retards et des blocages dans l'émergence de nouvelles technologies du fait de craintes qu'elles suscitaient parmi les populations. A l'heure actuelle, le traitement des risques nouveaux se fait au moyen du principe de précaution dont l'application demeure extrêmement difficile en l'absence d'un référentiel méthodologique adapté. Les risques émergents se caractérisent par leur diversité. Ils peuvent provenir de nouvelles technologies. Le développement des nanotechnologies ou des organismes génétiquement modifiés en sont de bons exemples. Ils peuvent aussi émerger d'une évolution de la société dans sa tendance à générer de nouveaux risques, comme le terrorisme, ou encore d'une évolution de la vulnérabilité, des connaissances, voire de la perception, de la société face à des sources de dangers déjà existantes mais pas toujours identifiées comme telles. Nous proposons dans un premier temps, un état des enjeux et des besoins en matière gestion intégrée des risques émergents et illustrons trois dimensions d'une approche intégrée. Nous présentons ensuite le projet européen Integ-Risk (Early Recognition, Monitoring and Integrated Management of Emerging, New Technology Related Risks), qui a pour objectif d'apporter des réponses concrètes à ce besoin identifié d'outils et de méthodes pour une gestion intégrée des risques émergents.

National audience; The evolution of technologies and of the society, the transformation of our planet produce new risks at a regular pace. Lack of anticipation of risks has led in the past to disasters or at least to blockage of the development of technologies due to fears that they provoked among the population. Presently, new emerging risks are addressed through the precautionary principle, the application of which is far from being obvious because of a lack of a commonly agreed methodological framework. Emerging risks are characterised by their diversity. They can be caused by new technologies such as nanotechnologies or genetically modified organisms. But emerging risks can also rise from an evolution of the society as risk generator, as it is the case for terrorism, or an evolution of vulnerability, knowledge or even perception of the society with relation to existing sources of hazard which had never been considered as such before. In the first part of the paper, the stakes and needs in terms of emerging risks are presented. The need for an integrated approach is particularly stressed. In a second part, the iNTeg-Risk (Early Recognition, Monitoring and Integrated Management of Emerging, New Technology Related Risks) project is presented. Its main goals are to develop concrete tools and methods for a better integrated management of emerging risks.; Le développement technologique, les évolutions de la société, les transformations de notre planète font émerger régulièrement des risques nouveaux. L'absence d'anticipation de certains de ces risques a conduit par le passé, dans le pire des cas à des catastrophes technologiques, dans d'autres à des retards et des blocages dans l'émergence de nouvelles technologies du fait de craintes qu'elles suscitaient parmi les populations. A l'heure actuelle, le traitement des risques nouveaux se fait au moyen du principe de précaution dont l'application demeure extrêmement difficile en l'absence d'un référentiel méthodologique adapté. Les risques émergents se caractérisent par leur diversité. Ils peuvent provenir de nouvelles technologies. Le développement des nanotechnologies ou des organismes génétiquement modifiés en sont de bons exemples. Ils peuvent aussi émerger d'une évolution de la société dans sa tendance à générer de nouveaux risques, comme le terrorisme, ou encore d'une évolution de la vulnérabilité, des connaissances, voire de la perception, de la société face à des sources de dangers déjà existantes mais pas toujours identifiées comme telles. Nous proposons dans un premier temps, un état des enjeux et des besoins en matière gestion intégrée des risques émergents et illustrons trois dimensions d'une approche intégrée. Nous présentons ensuite le projet européen Integ-Risk (Early Recognition, Monitoring and Integrated Management of Emerging, New Technology Related Risks), qui a pour objectif d'apporter des réponses concrètes à ce besoin identifié d'outils et de méthodes pour une gestion intégrée des risques émergents.

The Mini-Symposium describes the content and key concepts of a project just granted by the European Commission : iNTeg-Risk project. The authors, who are involved in the leadership of the project, want to be challenged about the objective and methodology adopted for the project, and develop international collaboration within SRA Regions.

International audience; The paper that will be presented is an extract of the Strategic Research Agenda of the European Technology Platform Industrial Safety (ETPIS). It is a result of a collective work made by researchers from organisations that consider industrial safety as a strategic issue for the sustainable growth of the European Industry. The list of the main organisations involved in the ETPIS, that participate in the preparation and endorse this text is available at www.industrialsafety-tp.org. The paper will describe the rationale, the scope and the organisation of the initiative. It will insist on the structuration and the organisation of a Strategic Research Agenda prepared by more than 150 organisations concerned by industrial safety. In particular, the analysis of the broader situation, regarding industry and safety interactions and issues, led the ETPIS members to propose a RTD strategy that focuses on 6 major challenges. These have been identified wherever there is a clear need to develop basic knowledge in safety sciences. - Developing new risk assessment and risk management methods addressing the complexity of industrial systems - Improving methods and technologies to reduce risks at work and to prevent major accidents - Understanding the impact of human and organisational factors in risk control - Improving knowledge transfer to industry and in particular SMEs, education and training activities - Understanding emergent risks and cross-cutting risk & safety issues - Structural safety. Some industrial stakes are not concerning only one industrial sector, and should also take the knowledge and expertise from several Focus Group. To enable the mobilisation of the critical mass and attract the interested sectors, the TP has decided to create the concept of research HUB.A research HUB is a group of interest aiming at exchanging knowledge and launching projects after having defined a specific research agenda. The research HUB will take benefice from the Focus Groups and mobilise the interested industries. The first research HUB of the TP on Industrial Safety is the NANO-SAFETY HUB addressing the safety issue of nano-technologies and nano-materials.

National audience; L'analyse des documents et des rapports publiés à la suite de la catastrophe AZF (Toulouse, Septembre 2001) montre à quel point il est nécessaire de poursuivre l'investissement en recherche pour produire de nouvelles connaissances dans plusieurs domaines : les propriétés des substances et les phénomènes dangereux (chimie, physique, mécanique), la prise en compte des organisations et du rôle des hommes dans la prévention des risques, les processus de la gouvernance des risques, notamment du fait de l'évolution vers une gestion plus participative des risques... À côté de ces connaissances, que l'on peut qualifier de théoriques ou méthodologiques, le progrès dans le domaine des capteurs, du traitement des données et des technologies de l'information, l'intensification des procédés et la miniaturisation des équipements industriels, sous-tend des innovations technologiques qui devraient avoir un impact significatif sur l'amélioration de la sécurité des usines de demain. La volonté de mener des recherches pour accroître les connaissances et innover sur le plan technologique ne suffit pas. Les chercheurs ont besoin que les gestionnaires et décideurs publics qui définissent les priorités dans l'investissement de recherche au niveau national ou européen placent le thème de la sécurité industrielle comme l'une de leurs priorités. Aujourd'hui, les priorités de recherche communautaires et nationales sont celles qui peuvent avoir un impact sur l'innovation, la compétitivité de l'industrie et in fine sur l'emploi. Aussi, il apparait crucial de montrer les enjeux économiques de la sécurité industrielle pour leur donner la légitimité de la recherche en tant que tel, et éviter que la sécurité industrielle ne soit qu'une "fioriture" destinée à agrémenter l'innovation technologique. Si l'industrie, dans toute sa diversité, veut réellement faire des progrès en matière de sécurité, sous la pression sociétale, il faut concentrer la recherche sur quelques défis scientifiques, d'ordre méthodologique, technologique, organisationnel et social. Cette communication décrit dans un premier temps le nouvel instrument de pilotage de la recherche inventé par la Commission Européenne, les Plates-formes Technologiques. Puis, il retrace l'historique de la création de la plateforme technologique européenne dans le domaine de la sécurité industrielle, en expliquant les motivations qui ont conduit à cette initiative et en détaillant les objectifs généraux qui sont poursuivis. Enfin, la déclinaison française de cette plate-forme européenne est présentée en insistant sur l'organisation de la communauté scientifique concernée par la sécurité industrielle et en montrant comment la dynamique engagée au niveau national laisse augurer des résultats plus rapides grâce à une meilleure coordination des actions de recherche.

This paper points out some of the présent reflections concerning the issue of integrated risk assessment, in view of an integrated management of ail kinds of technical risks - namely risks for man and for environment, on-site and off-site risks, accidentai risks and continuous or long-terms risks. This articles is mostly influeneed by the SHAPE RISK project, its conclusions and recommendations, but it also takes into account other scientific projects carried out at INERIS, at National or European scale. The interactions and overlaps between the présent régulations at the European level clearly suggests an improvement through a new integrated régulation, and reinforces the interest of Industry in using more efficient integrated tools, both for risk assessment and risk management. Besides, the conceptual frame for an integrated assessment is becoming clearer. Yet a significant work is to be done, entailing parallel évolutions in the régulation field, in the scientific and the technical fields, and in the organizational field.

National audience; La catastrophe d'AZF marquera durablement les esprits. Pour les Toulousains c'est un traumatisme. Mais elle a aussi, et même si la recherche des causes n'a pas encore dissipé toutes les zones d'ombre, avec la loi qui a suivi, permis d'avancer vers un développement durable de l'industrie et des zones urbaines. Grâce à elle, même, la France précède désormais ses partenaires européens sur la voie que préconise aujourd'hui le Parlement européen, constatant avec Enschede et Toulouse les limites de la directive Seveso. Passer face à " l'impossible risque zéro " à une logique " d'éloignement du risque ". Description et bilan des conséquences de la catastrophe au travers des rapports de l'Ineris.

National audience; C'est une exigence de nos sociétés, l'industrie doit mieux faire en matière de sécurité. Le secteur, au croisement de l'expertise technique et de l'activité économique, indissociable de la réflexion stratégique sur l'innovation industrielle en Europe, exigeait que soit mise à sa disposition une capacité de recherche appropriée. C'est chose faite avec la " plate-forme technologique européenne en sécurité industrielle " et sa déclinaison nationale. Les enjeux : réduire le nombre et l'impact des accidents et accompagner l'innovation technologique. Les premiers résultats sont encourageants mais, pour que la sécurité industrielle soit considérée comme un moteur d'innovation et un facteur de productivité, il faudra encore un changement culturel de taille. Le chemin sera long. Mais a-t-on vraiment d'autre choix qu'un développement industriel durable ?

International audience; Europe has recently faced several major industrial accidents generated by various causes. They have ledto a lot of casualties andmajor damages to the environment (Enschede 2000, Toulouse 2001, Ath 2004...). Moreover, after the 9/11th people have stressedthe influence of terrorism in the emergence of new risks. Geopolitical context has brought about risks which cannot be completely avoided. It is illustrated by many events: Sarin Attack, Anthrax Letters, USS Cole andLimbur g attacks, drinking water contamination, action on industrial sites...Regarding SEVESO establishments and similar critical infrastructures like ports and marshalling yards, these concerns are not included in the safety report required by the Authorities. In this paper, the authors establish, in the first part a brief inventory of the available methodologies and tools in order to elaborate a threat assessment. Then in the secondpar t, they formulates some suggestions to integrate security aspects in a risk assessment, to globalise prevention andresponse approach in case of chemical accident or intentional acts on chemical sites. An example of the adaptation of the ARAMIS methodology is explained in the last part.

International audience; Europe has recently faced several major industrial accidents generated by various causes. They have led to a lot of casualties and major damages to the environment (Enschede 2000, Toulouse 2001, Ath 2004...). Moreover, people have already stressed the influence of terrorism in the emergence of new risks. Geopolitical context has brought about risks wich cannot be completely avoided. It is illustrated by many events : Sarin Attack, Anthrax Letters, USS Cole and Limburg attacks, drinking water contamination, action on industrial sites... Regarding SEVESO establishments and similar critical infrastructures like ports and marshalling yards, these concerns are not included in the safety report required by the Authorities. In this paper, the authors establish, in the first part a brief inventory of the available methodologies and tools in order to elaborate a threat assessment. Then in the second part, they formulates some suggestions to integrate security aspects in a risk assessment, to globalise prevention and response approach in case of chemical accident or intentional act on chemical sites. An example of the adaptation of the ARAMIS methodology is explained in the last part.