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5. Stepwise Biogenesis of Subpopulations of Lipid Droplets in Nitrogen Starved Phaeodactylum tricornutum Cells

Author

Jaussaud, Antoine, Lupette, Josselin, Salvaing, Juliette, Jouhet, Juliette, Bastien, Olivier, Gromova, Marina, Maréchal, Eric, LIPID, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Magnetic Resonance (RM ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DRF Impulsion program from CEA (RMN-Biocar), ANR-11-BTBR-0008,OCEANOMICS,Biotechnologies et bioressources pour la valorisation des écosystèmes marins planctoniques(2011), ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015), ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Energy-Michigan State University Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Magnetic Resonance (RM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), ANR-11-BTBR-0008/11-BTBR-0008,OCEANOMICS,Biotechnologies et bioressources pour la valorisation des écosystèmes marins planctoniques(2011), ANR-15-IDEX-02,UGA,IDEX UGA(2016), ANR–10–LABEX–04 ,GRAL,Labex, and ANR-17-EURE-0003,University Grenoble Alpes graduate school

Subjects
lipids, Phaeodactylum, lipid droplet, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Plant Science, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Triacylglycerol, Original Research, diatoms
Abstract

International audience; Diatoms are unicellular heterokonts, living in oceans and freshwaters, exposed to frequent environmental variations. They have a sophisticated membrane compartmentalization and are bounded by a siliceous cell-wall. Formation of lipid droplets (LDs), filled with triacylglycerol (TAG), is a common response to stress. The proteome of mature-LDs from Phaeodactylum tricornutum highlighted the lack of proteins involved in early-LD formation, TAG biosynthesis or LD-to-LD connections. These features suggest that cytosolic LDs might reach a size limit. We analyzed the dynamics of LD formation in P. tricornutum (Pt1 8.6; CCAP 1055/1) during 7 days of nitrogen starvation, by monitoring TAG by mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, and LD radius using epifluorescence microscopy and pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance. We confirmed that mature LDs reach a maximal size. Based on pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, we did not detect any LD-LD fusion. Three LD subpopulations were produced, each with a different maximal size, larger-sized LDs (radius 0.675 ± 0.125 µm) being generated first. Mathematical modeling showed how smaller LDs are produced once larger LDs have reached their maximum radius. In a mutant line having larger cells, the maximal size of the first LD subpopulation was higher (0.941 ± 0.169 µm), while the principle of stepwise formation of distinct LD populations was maintained. Results suggest that LD size is determined by available cytosolic space and sensing of an optimal size reached in the previous LD subpopulation. Future perspectives include the unraveling of LD-size control mechanisms upon nitrogen shortage. This study also provides novel prospects for the optimization of oleaginous microalgae for biotechnological applications.

Published
2020

9. The architecture of lipid droplets in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Author

Lupette, Josselin, primary, Jaussaud, Antoine, additional, Seddiki, Khawla, additional, Morabito, Christian, additional, Brugière, Sabine, additional, Schaller, Hubert, additional, Kuntz, Marcel, additional, Putaux, Jean-Luc, additional, Jouneau, Pierre-Henri, additional, Rébeillé, Fabrice, additional, Falconet, Denis, additional, Couté, Yohann, additional, Jouhet, Juliette, additional, Tardif, Marianne, additional, Salvaing, Juliette, additional, and Maréchal, Eric, additional

Published
2019
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10. Corto and DSP1 interact and bind to a maintenance element of the Scr Hox gene: understanding the role of Enhancers of trithorax and Polycomb

Author

Boldyreva Lidiya, Daulny Anne, Bussière Marianne, Mouchel-Vielh Emmanuèle, Decoville Martine, Salvaing Juliette, Zhimulev Igor, Locker Daniel, and Peronnet Frédérique

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Background Polycomb-group genes (PcG) encode proteins that maintain homeotic (Hox) gene repression throughout development. Conversely, trithorax-group (trxG) genes encode positive factors required for maintenance of long term Hox gene activation. Both kinds of factors bind chromatin regions called maintenance elements (ME). Our previous work has shown that corto, which codes for a chromodomain protein, and dsp1, which codes for an HMGB protein, belong to a class of genes called the Enhancers of trithorax and Polycomb (ETP) that interact with both PcG and trxG. Moreover, dsp1 interacts with the Hox gene Scr, the DSP1 protein is present on a Scr ME in S2 cells but not in embryos. To understand better the role of ETP, we addressed genetic and molecular interactions between corto and dsp1. Results We show that Corto and DSP1 proteins co-localize at 91 sites on polytene chromosomes and co-immunoprecipitate in embryos. They interact directly through the DSP1 HMG-boxes and the amino-part of Corto, which contains a chromodomain. In order to search for a common target, we performed a genetic interaction analysis. We observed that corto mutants suppressed dsp11 sex comb phenotypes and enhanced AntpScx phenotypes, suggesting that corto and dsp1 are simultaneously involved in the regulation of Scr. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation of the Scr ME, we found that Corto was present on this ME both in Drosophila S2 cells and in embryos, whereas DSP1 was present only in S2 cells. Conclusion Our results reveal that the proteins Corto and DSP1 are differently recruited to a Scr ME depending on whether the ME is active, as seen in S2 cells, or inactive, as in most embryonic cells. The presence of a given combination of ETPs on an ME would control the recruitment of either PcG or TrxG complexes, propagating the silenced or active state.

Published
2006
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11. Chloroplasts with four membranes: what consequences for the homeostasis of lipids in model microalgae?

Author

Salvaing, Juliette, Lupette, Josselin, Dolch, Lina-Juana, Amato, Alberto, Falconet, Denis, Rébeillé, Fabrice, Jouhet, Juliette, Maréchal, Eric, ProdInra, Migration, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), UMR 1417 PCV Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale. Centre de recherche Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). FRA. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FRA. Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), FRA. Université Grenoble Alpes (COMUE) (UGA), FRA., and Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG)

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.MP.PRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology
Abstract

National audience

Published
2017

12. Assessment of 'one-step' versus 'sequential' embryo culture conditions through embryonic genome methylation and hydroxymethylation changes (vol 31, pg 2471, 2016)

Author

Salvaing, Juliette, Peynot, Nathalie, Bedhane, Mohamed Negash, Veniel, Sophie, Pellier, Emilie, Boulesteix, Claire, Beaujean Bobineau, Nathalie, Daniel, Nathalie, Duranthon, Véronique, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université de Jigjiga, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut cellule souche et cerveau (U846 Inserm - UCBL1), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 'AMP diagnostic prénatal et diagnostic génétique' 2012, French Agence de la Biomédecine, ANR LABEX 'REVIVE' (ANR-10-LABX-73, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale [2016-2019] (LPCV [2016-2019]), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut cellule souche et cerveau (SBRI)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], preimplantation embryo, ten eleven translocation (TET), DNA hydroxymethylation, endogenous retrovirus, DNA methylation, embryo culture media, DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

13. PRC1 Prevents Replication Stress during Chondrogenic Transit Amplification

Author

Spaapen, Frank, primary, Eijssen, Lars, additional, Adriaens, Michiel, additional, Welting, Tim, additional, Prickaerts, Peggy, additional, Salvaing, Juliette, additional, Dahlmans, Vivian, additional, Surtel, Donald, additional, Kruitz, Frans, additional, Kuijer, Roel, additional, Takihara, Yoshihiro, additional, Marks, Hendrik, additional, Stunnenberg, Hendrik, additional, Wouters, Bradly, additional, Vidal, Miguel, additional, and Voncken, Jan, additional

Published
2017
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14. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in early rabbit embryo: Consequence of in vitro culture

Author

Bedhane, M. N., Salvaing, Juliette, Université de Jigjiga, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG)

Subjects
epigenetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, in vitro culture, embryo
Abstract

During the first developmental stages, the embryo’s genome is transcriptionally silent and developmental changes are under control of maternally inherited factors (RNA and proteins). Embryonic genome activation (EGA) takes place at later stages (8-16 cell stage in rabbit) and involves epigenetic modifications. CpG methylation is depleted at the early stages and reinstated at the blastocyst stage. DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides is an important epigenetic mark for embryonic development. Recent findings have shown that demethylation is achieved by oxidation of the methylated DNA into hydroxymethylated DNA. However, the role of hydroxymethylation can probably not be restricted to an intermediate product in DNA demethylation. Indeed, hydroxymethylation seems involved in gene activation and maintenance of pluripotency, and could therefore be important for EGA. Several studies have suggested that in vitro conditions can have a negative impact on epigenetic reprogramming. Thus, 5-methylcytosine (5MeC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hMeC) appeared as interesting candidates to investigate the impact of culture media on methylation and hydroxymethylation in rabbit embryos. We used rabbit as a model because the metabolism and timing of EGA in this species is closer to human embryos. The 2 chosen culture media that are commonly used for artificial reproduction technologies (ART) are 1 single-step medium (global), which allows development from zygote to blastocyst, and 1 sequential medium (G1+/G2+), which needs to be changed at the time of EGA. Embryos were fixed at different developmental cell stages: 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-cell stages. To quantify the level of methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA in the nuclei, we implemented an immunofluorescence-based detection protocol. Finally, the methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA were quantified using an appropriate procedure developed in the host laboratory. Our result shows that the dynamics of 5MeC and 5hMeC are different between the 2 culture media. In the sequential 1, methylation increases between 4-cell and 8-cell stages, while there is no significant change in hydroxymethylation between 2-cell and 16-cell stages. In the single-step 1, hydroxymethylation decreases until the 8-cell stage and increases afterward, while no change is observed in methylation between 4-cell and 8-cell stages. To draw solid conclusions, it is advisable to reproduce the experiment with other applicable species, such as bovine embryos, ahead of further steps to demonstrate on human embryos. Our results will be helpful for the advancement of ART, which is challenged by abnormal embryonic development and unsuccessful pregnancy.

Published
2016

15. Analysis of methylated DNA contents and distribution in bovine placental and foetal tissues after somatic nuclear reprogramming

Author

Guillomot, Michel, Prézelin, Audrey, Kiefer, Hélène, Beaujean, Nathalie, Aguirre-Lavin, Tiphaine, Salvaing, Juliette, Jammes, Hélène, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). BEL.

Subjects
adn methylation, bovin, méthylation de l'adn, lignage trophoblastique, cloning, trophoblastic lineage, bovine species, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, epigenetic mark, mémoire et différenciation cellulaire, épigénétique, signature épigénétique, embryonic structures, clonage, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, reproductive and urinary physiology, epigenetic, cell memory and differentiation
Abstract

International audience; DNA methylation (methylated (5-mC) and hydroxymethylated (5-hmC) DNA), is highly dynamic during mammalian embryogenesis. After fertilization, a loss of 5-mC of maternal (passive process) and paternal (active process) genomes takes place; 5-hmC accumulates in the paternal pronucleus and decreases progressively with the embryonic cleavage. In blastocyst, the first cell differentiation is associated with higher levels of 5-mC in the inner cell mass compared with the trophectoderm. During foeto-placental development, the patterns of 5-mC and 5-hmC are established according to cell specification and tissue differentiation. In some bovine blastocysts produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a global DNA hypermethylation has been observed in the trophectoderm. Defaults of placental and foetal development are frequent after SCNT in mammals. Whether these pregnancy pathologies are associated with alterations of global DNA methylation remains to be analysed. In this study, the patterns of DNA methylation were determined in extra-embryonic and foetal tissues during pregnancies obtained by artificial insemination (AI) versus SCNT i) by a global quantification using a LUminometric Methylation Assay and ii) by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. Great variations in methylation levels between extra-embryonic and fœtal tissues at D60 of gestation were observed from 30% to 90% (chorionic villi > chorion > liver > heart > brain > amnion > allantois). Chorionic methylation content increased significantly from D18 until term of gestation. Effects of SCNT on trophoblast methylation level in blastocyst were conserved in trophoblast at D18 and D40 and in cotyledons at G60 only. However, by immunocytochemistry, only the mesenchymal part of chorionic villi was stained using 5-mC antibody and an unexpected 5-hmC staining was found in various placental and extra-embryonic cell types, suggesting a role of this epigenetic mark in all lineages in bovine.

Published
2015

16. Determinants of valid measurements of global changes in 5ʹ-methylcytosine and 5ʹ-hydroxymethylcytosine by immunolocalisation in the early embryo

Author

Salvaing, Juliette, Li, Y., Beaujean, Nathalie, O'Neill, C., Laboratoire de physiologie cellulaire végétale (LPCV), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

18. Regulation of $Abd-B$ expression by Cyclin G and Corto in the abdominal epithelium of $Drosophila$

Author

Salvaing, Juliette, Mouchel-Vielh, Emmanuèle, Bloyer, Sébastien, Preiss, Anette, Peronnet, Frédérique, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement [Paris] (LBD), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physiologie cellulaire végétale (LPCV), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Contrôle épigénétique de l'homéostasie et de la plasticité du développement = Epigenetic control of developmental homeostasy and plasticity (LBD-E09), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), University of Hohenheim, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement [IBPS] (LBD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), and Salvaing, Juliette

Subjects
animal structures, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, fungi, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology
Abstract

International audience; $Polycomb-group$ ($PcG$) and $trithorax-group$ ($trxG$) genes encode important regulators of homeotic genes, repressors and activators, respectively. They act through epigenetic mechanisms that maintain chromatin structure. The $corto$ gene of $Drosophila\ melanogaster$ encodes a co-factor of these regulators belonging to the Enhancer of Trithorax and Polycomb class. We have previously shown that Corto maintains the silencing of the homeotic gene $Abdominal-B$ in the embryo and that it interacts with a cyclin, Cyclin G, suggesting that it could be a major actor in the connection between Polycomb/Trithorax function and the cell cycle. We show here that inactivation of $Cyclin\ G$ by RNA interference leads to rotated genitalia and cuticle defects in the posterior abdomen of pupae and that corto genetically interacts with $Cyclin\ G$ for generating these phenotypes. Examination of these pupae shows that development of the dorsal histoblast nests that will give rise to the adult epithelium is impaired in the posterior segments which identity is specified by $Abdominal-B$. Using a line that expresses LacZ in the $Abdominal-B$ domain, we show that $corto$ maintains $Abdominal-B$ repression in the pupal epithelium whereas $Cyclin\ G$ maintains its activation. These results prompt us to propose that the interaction between the Enhancer of Trithorax and Polycomb Corto and Cyclin G is involved in regulating the balance between cell proliferation and cell differentiation during abdominal epithelium development.

Published
2008

19. Dynamique de la méthylation et l'hydroxyméthylation de l'ADN dans l'embryon de souris

Author

Salvaing, Juliette, Biologie du développement et reproduction (BDR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA). FRA.

Subjects
méthylation, hydroxyméthylation, adn, embryon, souris, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2012

20. H3S10P, H3K9me3S10P and 5-hMeC as new markers of constitutive heterochromatin in early mouse embryos

Author

Salvaing, Juliette, Ribeiro-Mason, Karlla, Boulesteix, Claire, Aguirre-Lavin, Tiphaine, Fleurot, Renaud, Adenot, Pierre, Beaujean, Nathalie, Biologie du développement et reproduction (BDR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). CHN.

Subjects
genome, epigenetic, mouse embryo, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

21. Polycomb function during oogenesis is essential for mouse embryonic development

Author

Posfai, Eszter, Kunzmann, Rico, Brochard, Vincent, Salvaing, Juliette, Cabuy, Erik, Roloff, Tim C., Liu, Zichuan, Tardat, Mathieu, van Lohuizen, Maarten, Vidal, Miguel, Beaujean, Nathalie, and Peters, Antoine H. F. M.

Abstract

In mammals, totipotent embryos are formed by fusion of highly differentiated gametes. Acquisition of totipotency concurs with chromatin remodeling of parental genomes, changes in the maternal transcriptome and proteome, and zygotic genome activation (ZGA). The inefficiency of reprogramming somatic nuclei in reproductive cloning suggests that intergenerational inheritance of germline chromatin contributes to developmental proficiency after natural conception. Here we show that Ring1 and Rnf2 , components of Polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1), serve redundant transcriptional functions during oogenesis that are essential for proper ZGA, replication and cell cycle progression in early embryos, and development beyond the two-cell stage. Exchange of chromosomes between control and Ring1 / Rnf2 -deficient metaphase II oocytes reveal cytoplasmic and chromosome-based contributions by PRC1 to embryonic development. Our results strongly support a model in which Polycomb acts in the female germline to establish developmental competence for the following generation by silencing differentiation-inducing genes and defining appropriate chromatin states.

Published
2012

22. 3D-FISH of centromeres, pericentromeres and telomeres highlights the complexity of genome remodeling in mouse preimplantation embryos

Author

Salvaing, Juliette, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ., Biologie du développement et reproduction (BDR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
péricentromères, télomères, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

23. MK3 Modulation Affects BMI1-Dependent and Independent Cell Cycle Check-Points

Author

Prickaerts, Peggy, primary, Niessen, Hanneke E. C., additional, Dahlmans, Vivian E. H., additional, Spaapen, Frank, additional, Salvaing, Juliette, additional, Vanhove, Jolien, additional, Geijselaers, Claudia, additional, Bartels, Stefanie J. J., additional, Partouns, Iris, additional, Neumann, Dietbert, additional, Speel, Ernst-Jan, additional, Takihara, Yoshihiro, additional, Wouters, Bradly G., additional, and Voncken, Jan Willem, additional

Published
2015
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24. Organisation du génome embryonnaire après la fécondation chez les mammifères

Author

Beaujean, Nathalie, MASON, Karlla, Bonnet-Garnier, Amélie, Salvaing, Juliette, Debey, Marie Pascale, Biologie du développement et reproduction (BDR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], BIOLOGIE DU DEVELOPPEMENT, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], histone, organisation nucléaire, méthylation, acétylation, développement de l'embryon
Abstract

National audience; In mammals, the embryonic genome is first transcriptionnally inactive after fertilization. Embryonic development is then strictly dependent on the maternally inherited RNA and proteins accumulated before ovulation and present in the oocyte cytoplasm. The onset of embryonic gene expression is initiated later during development, i.e. during the “embryonic genome activation (EGA)”. EGA takes place at various preimplantation stages according to species and is dependent on the presence of the basal transcriptional machinery components but also on parental genomes reorganizations after fertilization. Indeed, during the first embryonic cycles, nuclei undergo intense remodeling that could be a key regulator of embryonic development.; Chez les mammifères, le génome de l’embryon nouvellement fécondé est d’abord transcriptionnellement inactif. Le développement embryonnaire dépend alors strictement de l’héritage maternel en ARN et en protéines présents dans l’ovocyte et accumulés avant l’ovulation. La mise en route de l’expression des gènes embryonnaires se fait ultérieurement lors de la phase appelée « activation du génome embryonnaire (EGA) », à un moment de la période préimplantatoire variable selon les espèces. Cette phase d’activation est dépendante de la présence des composants de la machinerie transcriptionnelle de base mais aussi de l’évolution de l’organisation des génomes parentaux après la fécondation. En effet, au cours des premiers cycles embryonnaires, les noyaux subissent une réorganisation intense qui constituerait un élément clé dans la régulation du développement embryonnaire.

Published
2010

28. Polycomb function during oogenesis is required for mouse embryonic development

Author

Posfai, Eszter, primary, Kunzmann, Rico, additional, Brochard, Vincent, additional, Salvaing, Juliette, additional, Cabuy, Erik, additional, Roloff, Tim C., additional, Liu, Zichuan, additional, Tardat, Mathieu, additional, van Lohuizen, Maarten, additional, Vidal, Miguel, additional, Beaujean, Nathalie, additional, and Peters, Antoine H.F.M., additional

Published
2012
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32. Chapter Five - Lipid droplets in plants: More than a simple fat storage.

Author

Le Moigne, Damien, Guéguen, Nolwenn, and Salvaing, Juliette

Subjects
*PLANT lipids, *PHAEODACTYLUM tricornutum, *LIPID metabolism, *ADIPOSE tissues, *ARABIDOPSIS thaliana, *ABIOTIC stress
Abstract

Lipid droplets (LDs) are found in all lineages of living organisms, whether prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Their structure is rather simple with a core of hydrophobic molecules, mostly Triacylglycerols and Sterol Esters, surrounded by a monolayer of polar lipids with associated proteins. They are constitutively present in storage organs, such as seeds in plants, or adipose tissue in mammals, while they can form in response to various abiotic or biotic stresses in other plant organs and in microalgae. Their biogenesis has been mostly studied in yeast and animals, yet remains poorly understood in plants. In particular, the central role of the photosynthetic plastid in lipid metabolism raises questions about its role in LD biogenesis. Over the years, many functions of LDs have emerged in addition to the obvious role in carbon and energy storage. While some functions appear broadly distributed among organisms and organs, other appear specific to certain tissues and/or lineages. The present review aims at highlighting specific aspects of LD biogenesis and functions in all photosynthetic organisms, from the historic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to emerging secondary endosymbiont models such as the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal the impact of nitrogen starvation on the proteome of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Author

Josselin Lupette, Marianne Tardif, Sabine Brugière, Yohann Couté, Juliette Salvaing, Eric Maréchal, LIPID, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etude de la dynamique des protéomes (EDyP), BioSanté (UMR BioSanté), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-10-LABX-0049,GRAL,Grenoble Alliance for Integrated Structural Cell Biology(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), ANR-10-INBS-0008,ProFI,Infrastructure Française de Protéomique(2010), ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015), Salvaing, Juliette, Grenoble Alliance for Integrated Structural Cell Biology - - GRAL2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0049 - LABX - VALID, CBH-EUR-GS - - CBH-EUR-GS2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0003 - EURE - VALID, Infrastructure Française de Protéomique - - ProFI2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0008 - INBS - VALID, and IDEX UGA - - UGA2015 - ANR-15-IDEX-0002 - IDEX - VALID

Subjects
Diatoms, Proteomics, Proteome, Nitrogen, Nitrogen starvation, Phaeodactylum, Fatty Acids, Diatom, Biochemistry, Carbon, Proteome remodelling, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Quantitative proteomics, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Molecular Biology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Triglycerides
Abstract

Data Paper; International audience; Diatoms are one of the largest groups in phytoplankton biodiversity. Understanding their response to nitrogen variations, present from micromolar to near-zero levels in oceans and fresh waters, is essential to comprehend their ecological success. Nitrogen starvation is used in biotechnological processes, to trigger the remodeling of carbon metabolism in the direction of fatty acids and triacylglycerol synthesis. We evaluated whole proteome changes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum after 7 days of cultivation with 5.5-mM nitrate (+N) or without any nitrogen source (-N). On a total of 3768 proteins detected in biological replicates, our analysis pointed to 384 differentially abundant proteins (DAP). Analysis of proteins of lower abundance in -N revealed an arrest of amino acid and protein syntheses, a remodeling of nitrogen metabolism, and a decrease of the proteasome abundance suggesting a decline in unselective whole-proteome decay. Analysis of proteins of higher abundance revealed the setting up of a general nitrogen scavenging system dependent on deaminases. The increase of a plastid palmitoyl-ACP desaturase appeared as a hallmark of carbon metabolism rewiring in the direction of fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. This dataset is also valuable to select gene candidates for improved biotechnological properties.

Published
2022

34. 5-Methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine spatiotemporal profiles in the mouse zygote

Author

Pascale Debey, Tiphaine Aguirre-Lavin, Juliette Salvaing, Gaetan Lehmann, Nathalie Beaujean, Claire Boulesteix, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) 'Young Team' research grant, Biologie du développement et reproduction (BDR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Salvaing, Juliette

Subjects
Male, Embryology, Time Factors, méthylcytosine, lcsh:Medicine, souris, Biochemistry, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecular cell biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Heterochromatin, Biologie de la reproduction, lcsh:Science, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Pericentric heterochromatin, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Reproductive Biology, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Multidisciplinary, Zygote, Cell Cycle, Biologie du développement, Development Biology, Nucleic acids, DNA methylation, 5-Methylcytosine, Epigenetics, Female, DNA modification, Research Article, DNA Replication, zygote, méthylation de l'adn, Biophysics, Biology, analyse d'image, Cytosine, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, immunofluorescence, 030304 developmental biology, Demethylation, réplication, 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine, donnée spatio temporelle, lcsh:R, DNA replication, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, DNA, DNA Methylation, DNA demethylation, hétérochromatine, chemistry, embryon, lcsh:Q, Gene expression, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Background In the mouse zygote, DNA methylation patterns are heavily modified, and differ between the maternal and paternal pronucleus. Demethylation of the paternal genome has been described as an active and replication-independent process, although the mechanisms responsible for it remain elusive. Recently, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine has been suggested as an intermediate in this demethylation. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we quantified DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in both pronuclei of the mouse zygote during the replication period and we examined their patterns on the pericentric heterochromatin using 3D immuno-FISH. Our results demonstrate that 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine localizations on the pericentric sequences are not complementary; indeed we observe no enrichment of either marks on some regions and an enrichment of both on others. In addition, we show that DNA demethylation continues during DNA replication, and is inhibited by aphidicolin. Finally, we observe notable differences in the kinetics of demethylation and hydroxymethylation; in particular, a peak of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, unrelated to any change in 5-methylcytosine level, is observed after completion of replication. Conclusions/Significance Together our results support the already proposed hypothesis that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is not a simple intermediate in an active demethylation process and could play a role of its own during early development.

Published
2012

35. Dynamics of DNA methylation levels in maternal and paternal rabbit genomes after fertilization

Author

Catherine Archilla, Nathalie Peynot, Véronique Duranthon, Nathalie Daniel, Nathalie Beaujean, Carolina Madeira Lucci, Adriana R. Reis e Silva, Pierre Adenot, Biologie du développement et reproduction (BDR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), CAPES and Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Experimental work was supported by an 'AMP diagnostic prenatal et diagnostic genetique' 2009 grant from the French Agence de la Biomedecine and an INRA 'Young Team' research grant, Salvaing, Juliette, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Cancer Research, Zygote, totipotence, dna methylation, pronuclei, Epigenesis, Genetic, S Phase, Histones, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, rabbit embryo, Transcription (biology), Biologie de la reproduction, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, développement de l'embryon, active demethylation, 0303 health sciences, Reproductive Biology, fécondation, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Genome, Pronucleus, Biologie du développement, in vitro, Methylation, Cell cycle, Development Biology, maintenance methylation, in vivo, DNA methylation, Female, Rabbits, pronucleus, Reprogramming, méthylation de l'adn, Embryonic Development, Mitosis, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, lapin, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Nucleus, génome, Molecular biology, rabbit genomes, embryos, EGA, DNA demethylation, chemistry, Fertilization, embryon, DNA
Abstract

The reprogramming of DNA methylation in early embryos has been considered to be essential for the reprogramming of differentiated parental genomes to totipotency, the transcription of embryonic genome activation (EGA) and subsequent development. However, its degree appears to differ as a function of species and it may be altered by the in vitro environment. While the rabbit is a pertinent model for species with a delayed EGA because both in vivo and in vitro developed embryos are easily available, the status of DNA methylation levels in both parental genomes after fertilization remains controversial. In order to generate precise data on the DNA methylation status in rabbit zygotes, we first of all defined five pronuclear (PN) stages during the first cell cycle and then classified in vivo and in vitro developed rabbit zygotes according to these PN stages. Using this classification we precisely quantified both methylated DNA and the total DNA content during the one cell stage. The quantification of methylated DNA, normalized for the total DNA content, showed that both pronuclei displayed distinct patterns of DNA methylation reprogramming. In the maternal pronucleus (MP) the methylation level remained constant throughout the one cell stage, thanks to maintenance methylation during the S phase. Conversely, in the paternal pronucleus (PP) partial demethylation occurred before replication, probably as a result of active DNA demethylation, while maintenance methylation subsequently occurred during the S phase. Interestingly, we showed that PP DNA methylation reprogramming was partially altered by the in vitro environment. Taken together, our approach evidenced that rabbit is one of the species displaying partial DNA demethylation in the PP, and for the first time demonstrated maintenance methylation activity in both pronuclei during the first S phase.

Published
2011

36. Stepwise Biogenesis of Subpopulations of Lipid Droplets in Nitrogen Starved Phaeodactylum tricornutum Cells.

Author

Jaussaud A, Lupette J, Salvaing J, Jouhet J, Bastien O, Gromova M, and Maréchal E

Abstract

Diatoms are unicellular heterokonts, living in oceans and freshwaters, exposed to frequent environmental variations. They have a sophisticated membrane compartmentalization and are bounded by a siliceous cell-wall. Formation of lipid droplets (LDs), filled with triacylglycerol (TAG), is a common response to stress. The proteome of mature-LDs from Phaeodactylum tricornutum highlighted the lack of proteins involved in early-LD formation, TAG biosynthesis or LD-to-LD connections. These features suggest that cytosolic LDs might reach a size limit. We analyzed the dynamics of LD formation in P. tricornutum (Pt1 8.6; CCAP 1055/1) during 7 days of nitrogen starvation, by monitoring TAG by mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, and LD radius using epifluorescence microscopy and pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance. We confirmed that mature LDs reach a maximal size. Based on pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, we did not detect any LD-LD fusion. Three LD subpopulations were produced, each with a different maximal size, larger-sized LDs (radius 0.675 ± 0.125 µm) being generated first. Mathematical modeling showed how smaller LDs are produced once larger LDs have reached their maximum radius. In a mutant line having larger cells, the maximal size of the first LD subpopulation was higher (0.941 ± 0.169 µm), while the principle of stepwise formation of distinct LD populations was maintained. Results suggest that LD size is determined by available cytosolic space and sensing of an optimal size reached in the previous LD subpopulation. Future perspectives include the unraveling of LD-size control mechanisms upon nitrogen shortage. This study also provides novel prospects for the optimization of oleaginous microalgae for biotechnological applications., (Copyright © 2020 Jaussaud, Lupette, Salvaing, Jouhet, Bastien, Gromova and Maréchal.)

Published
2020
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37. Antibody-Based Detection of Global Nuclear DNA Methylation in Cells, Tissue Sections, and Mammalian Embryos.

Author

Beaujean N, Salvaing J, Hadi NAA, and Pennings S

Subjects
Animals, Cells, Cultured, Embryo, Mammalian chemistry, Epigenesis, Genetic, Humans, 5-Methylcytosine immunology, Antibodies metabolism, Cell Nucleus genetics, DNA Methylation, Embryo, Mammalian cytology
Abstract

Immunostaining is widely used in cell biology for the in situ detection of proteins in fixed cells. The method is based on the specificity of antibodies for recognizing and binding to a selected target, combined with immunolabeling techniques for microscopic imaging. Antibodies with high specificities for modified nucleotides have also been widely developed, and among those, antibodies that recognize modified cytosine: 5-methylcytosine (5mC), and more recently, its derivates 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). To allow for their detection, primary antibody signals can be amplified using secondary antibodies coupled to fluorophores for immunofluorescence, or other molecules for immunocytochemistry.Immunostaining can be used to gain information on the spatial distribution and levels of DNA methylation states within the nucleus. Although the resolution remains quite low in genomic terms, advanced microscopy techniques and image analysis can obtain detailed spatial information content from immunostained sites. The technique complements genomic approaches that permit the assessment of DNA methylation on specific sequences, but that cannot provide global nuclear spatial context. Immunostaining is an accessible method of great benefit in several cases: when working with limited material (such as embryos or primary cells), to quickly assess at the level of individual cells the effect of siRNA, drugs, or biological processes that promote or inhibit DNA methylation or demethylation, or to study the 3D nuclear organization of regions with high DNA methylation, such as constitutive heterochromatin.Here, we review and outline protocols for the fluorescent and enzymatic immunodetection of DNA methylation in the nuclei of cells, tissue sections, and mammalian embryos.

Published
2018
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38. [Embryonic genome organization after fertilization in mammals].

Author

Beaujean N, Mason K, Bonnet-Garnier A, Salvaing J, and Debey P

Subjects
Animals, Blastocyst physiology, Cell Nucleus genetics, Cell Nucleus physiology, DNA Modification Methylases genetics, Female, Fertilization genetics, Genetic Variation, Histone Methyltransferases, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase genetics, Histones genetics, Pregnancy, Transcription, Genetic, Transcriptional Activation, Embryo, Mammalian physiology, Fertilization physiology, Mammals genetics, Mammals physiology
Abstract

In mammals, the embryonic genome is first transcriptionally inactive after fertilization. Embryonic development is then strictly dependent on the maternally inherited RNA and proteins accumulated before ovulation and present in the oocyte cytoplasm. The onset of embryonic gene expression is initiated later during development, i.e. during the "embryonic genome activation (EGA)". EGA takes place at various preimplantation stages according to species and is dependent on the presence of the basal transcriptional machinery components but also on parental genomes reorganizations after fertilization. Indeed, during the first embryonic cycles, nuclei undergo intense remodeling that could be a key regulator of embryonic development., (© Société de Biologie, 2010.)

Published
2010
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