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Background: This meta-analysis study summarized the available information on the prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli among poultry products in Asia; Methods: Exhaustive literature search was conducted and 30 studies were included. A number of multilevel random-effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate their pooled prevalence and compare each Asian regions; Results: The pooled prevalence for C.jejuni was 34%. On a separate meta-analysis for East Asia (EA), Middle East (ME) and South Asia (SA) and Southeast Asia (SEA), the pooled prevalences for C. jejuni were 33%, 37% and 33%, respectively. Moreover, results showed that there was significant heterogeneity and no significant publication bias. Conversely, the pooled prevalence for C. coli was 13%. On separate analysis by region, the pooled prevalences for EA, ME, and SEA were 10%, 18% and 12.08%, respectively. Significant heterogeneity was observed and there was no publication bias detected in the EA and the SEA; Conclusions: Overall, the high incidence of both C. jejuni and C. coli infections across Asia highlight the public health importance of these pathogens. Moreover, the meta-analysis of C. jejuni and C. coli prevalence across Asia gives crucial insights into the public health concerns connected with these pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study used social network analysis (SNA) to analyze the static characteristics of the pig trading network in the Philippines, which is a significant risk factor for the spread of diseases like African swine fever (ASF). Methods: The shipping permits issued by the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) in 2020 were used in this work. Networks were created for live pigs, semen, and pork products. Top trading nodes for each commodity were identified using eigenvector centrality. Additionally, betweenness, closeness, and degree centrality were calculated. Results: The top trading nodes were identified for each commodity, with Laguna being the top node overall. The other influential provinces included Rizal, Bulacan, Cavite, Cebu, Bukidnon, Tarlac, and the four districts of the National Capital Region (NCR). The average distances reached by live pigs, pork products, and swine semen were 106.80 km, 68.40 km, and 222.97 km, respectively. Conclusions: Identifying influential areas in the swine trading network can help enhance disease control strategies and prevent the spread of ASF and other diseases. Targeting these nodes for active surveillance and preventive programs could lower the risk of disease transmission and minimize its impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African Swine Fever (ASF) was first described in Africa in 1921 and reached China in 2018. It eventually reached other Asian countries including the Philippines in 2019. Despite the efforts of the Philippine government to mitigate its spread, cases have been observed in 64 of the 81 provinces across 17 regions. Vaccine field trials done in the Philippines have promising results. Yet, until now, no vaccine has been made commercially available. Efforts to develop a commercial vaccine against ASF have been hindered by the complex and genetically diverse nature of the ASF virus (ASFV). ASFV has evolved strategies to evade the host's immune response, inhibiting antigen presentation and infecting immune cells. The genetic variability among ASFV strains further complicates vaccine development, as different strains may require specific vaccine approaches. Despite challenges, progress has been made with live attenuated vaccines showing promise. However, concerns regarding safety, reversion to virulence, and limited efficacy against multiple genotypes persist. Strategies such as comprehensive safety evaluations, surveillance, combination control measures, and Public awareness is recommended to address the spread of ASF. A vaccination drive targeting prevalent strains in specific regions may provide partial protection but requires ongoing surveillance and complementation with other control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to determine the correlation of California Mastitis Test (CMT) and somatic cells count (SCC) on milk of Murrah buffalo cows. It aimed to calculate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM), sensitivity and specificity of CMT using SCC as the basis, determine the predictive values of CMT, calculate the true prevalence of subclinical mastitis based on sensitivity and specificity established, and determine the variations on the correlation of SCC and CMT against several factors: age of animal, parity number and length of lactation. Pearson's correlation analysis and Kappa statistics were used for statistical analysis. Results showed that Correlation and Kappa statistics had a 23.37% (p <.0001) and 20.20% (p <.0001) respective agreement between the results of SCC and CMT. SCM prevalence were 30.29% and 23.46% based on CMT and SCC, respectively. The CMT has 54.43% sensitivity and 77.10% specificity. The positive predictive value of CMT was 42.11% while the negative predictive value was 84.67%. The calculated true prevalence of the test was 23.33%. Test agreement may change from slight to fair depending on the factors considered such as the age of the animal, parity number and length of lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]