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In all cases, the three-component reaction produced excellent yields (mean yield 96%). The reaction yield increased with an increase in catalyst amount from 2 mol% to 10 mol%, but catalyst loading beyond 10 mol % showed no improvement in the reaction yield. CeO SB 2 sb nanoparticles (NPs) have received a great deal of attention in recent years due to their numerous applications in a variety of fields such as catalysis,[1] ceramics,[2] fuel cells,[3] gas sensors,[4],[5] solid-state electrolytes,[6] ceramic biomaterials,[7] chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP),[8] and ultraviolet absorbtion.[9] The CeO SB 2 sb nanomaterial is an excellent catalyst due to its oxygen storage and release capacity (OSC) via the redox shift between Ce SP 4+ sp and Ce SP 3+ sp under oxidizing and reducing conditions.[10],[11] Different morphologies of CeO SB 2 sb nanomaterials for catalytic activity have been investigated.[1],[11] Numerous nanostructures of CeO SB 2 sb have been prepared and used as catalysts, including nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanocubes, and nanospindles. To evaluate the effect of temperature on the reaction yield, the model reaction was conducted at different temperatures with an optimized catalyst loading. [Extracted from the article]

The study of the stretching sheet has extensive applications in the field of engineering and technology. Hence, the objective of the present study is to deal with the impact of pertinent parameters on Williamson fluid across a stretchable nonlinear sheet when chemical reaction, varied thermal radiation, and heat source/sink are present. Partial differential equations are used to model the resulting scenario, and after adding the necessary similarity variables, a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is formed using flow equations. The reduced ODEs are tackled by applying the fourth-order RK-scheme together with shooting methodology, and the impacts of different system parameters are examined corresponding to the fluid’s velocity, energy, and concentration profile. The important findings are discussed using graphics and they are as follows: As magnetism increases, fluid velocity rises but falls with an increment in buoyancy; the temperature falls with a boost in Grashof number but rises with an inclination in Prandtl number; and fluid reaction concentration declines with the boost in chemical parameter and Schmidt number but rises with an increment in thermophoresis, heat source/sink, and Brownian motion parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoCeO2 NPs were successfully synthesized and confirmed using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The catalytic performance of the synthesized CoCeO2 NPs catalyst was examined during the one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of biologically significant 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐pyran derivatives. The reaction was easily accomplished using a one‐pot, three‐component reaction of dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and malononitrile in ethanol under reflux, with excellent yields and a short reaction time. The current catalytic system is more appealing because of its simple reaction conditions, uncomplicated product isolation, economic feasibility, and reusability of the catalyst free from significant loss of activity. This process offers an effective strategy for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐pyran derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphological studies of fishes are vital for enhancing our knowledge about biodiversity, ecology, evolution and fisheries management. The research aims to study the morphological features of Siganus vermiculatus along the Maharashtra coast. Specimens were collected from three distinct viz., Raigad (Alibag), Ratnagiri (Ratnagiri) and Sindhudurg (Malvan) were analyzed for their morphological traits. The morphological studies showed minor variations in the posterior body depth and head shape of the S. vermiculatus specimens from different locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pristine and Co-doped ZnO (CZ) nanocapsules (NCs) have been successfully prepared using a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method. The effect of 1–4 at.% Co-doped ZnO (C1Z–C4Z) samples on physicochemical and hazardous NO2 sensing performance were investigated and reported. The structural, morphological, spectral and compositional properties studied by XRD, FESEM and EDX, TEM, BET, FTIR, UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy and XPS techniques specify the phase formation of ZnO and doping of Co atoms into ZnO lattice. The NO2 gas sensing properties of CZ samples were studied at 120–280 °C operating temperature and 5–100 ppm concentration. The sensing results showed that the 3 at.% Co-doped ZnO (C3Z) sensor exhibited highest (286%) gas response with fast response/recovery time (3/319), stable, selective and reproducible towards 100 ppm NO2 gas at 200 °C operating temperature. Such types of materials are very promising for the fabrication of NO2 gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the enhancement in science and technology, necessity of complex shapes in manufacturing industries have become essential for more versatile applications. This leads to the demand for lightweight and durable materials for applications in aerospace, defense, automotive, as well as sports and thermal management. Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is an extensively utilized process that is used for the exact and indented shaped components of all materials that are electrically conductive. This technique is suitable in practically all industrial sectors owing to its widespread application. The present investigation explores WEDM for LM6/fly ash composites to optimize different process variables for attaining performance measures in terms of maximum material removal rate (MRR) and minimum surface roughness (SR). Taguchi’s L27 OA design of experiments, grey relational analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to optimize SR and MRR. It has been noted from ANOVA that reinforcement (R) percentage and pulse on time are the most influential aspects for Grey Relational Grade (GRG) with their contributions of 28.22 and 18.18%, respectively. It is found that the best process variables for achieving the highest MRR and lowest SR simultaneously during the machining of the composite are gap voltage of 30 V, pulse on time of 10 µs, pulse off time of 2 µs, wire feed of 8 m/min, and R of 9%. The predicted GRG is 0.84, and the experimental GRG value is 0.86. The validation experiments at the optimized setting show close agreement between predicted and experimental values. The morphological study by optical microscopy revealed a homogenous distribution of reinforcement in the matrix which enhances the composite’s hardness and decreases the density.

In this study, the stagnation point flow of a magnetized Williamson fluid past a stretching sheet in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and buoyancy effect is studied. The present situation is remodeled using similarity transformation that transforms the flow model of partial differential equations into the set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta scheme and shooting method are employed to solve these reduced equations. The effects of various associated parameters over the velocity and temperature profiles are plotted and the outcome of each associated parameter is discussed through graphs. The key findings are noted as follows: the velocity profile declines with an increase in the magnetic force number, and an increment in buoyancy parameter leads to the increase in the boundary layer thickness and decrease in the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An engine bracket is one of the most critical components of the engine used for mounting and supporting the engine in the vehicles. Today, the automobile industry requires lightweight components, which will reduce the car's overall weight when fitted into the vehicle. Topology optimization is a technique with the help of which the surface of a component is optimized to get the required shape for having reduced weight. The weight is reduced by optimizing the material on the surface of the details. In this paper, the work done is the application of topology optimization on the surface of the engine bracket arm. Then the optimized model is tested computationally using realistic conditions. Bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization is used as a technique for topology optimization. With the help of the BESO method, the material optimization is done, and then the weights are compared with the original component. A new algorithm is developed using MATLAB codes. The sensitivity ratio is considered using the von Mises strength as a critical parameter for the BESO method for optimization. The optimized bracket model is then assembled with the hub of the component, and then the assembly is simulated for verification using standard conditions. A comparison of weight reduction is there using topology optimization.

The academic performance assessment of students helps teachers, administrators, and policymakers to initiate corrective measures on academically poor students. This paper revisits the Zadeh-Deshpande formalism for evaluating students’ answer scripts using the concept of the reliability of information (degree of confidence) via the “degree of match” and fuzzy inference system in students’ performance evaluation. The case study infers that the overall performance of all the students is “average”. Furthermore, 206 of 237 students (87%) are declared as “average” with “high degree of certainty” by the evaluators (teachers). The aim of the proposed method is not to replace the traditional method of evaluation. Instead, the proposed technique is a step forward to enrich the present system of students’ performance assessment. Policymakers can use this method as it provides reliable information. A comparison between the results obtained from the academic performance of students using multiexpert and single-expert systems is also discussed in the paper.