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6. Trees adjust nutrient acquisition strategies across tropical forest secondary succession.

Author

Wong, Michelle Y., Wurzburger, Nina, Hall, Jefferson S., Wright, S. Joseph, Tang, Wenguang, Hedin, Lars O., Saltonstall, Kristin, van Breugel, Michiel, and Batterman, Sarah A.

Subjects
TROPICAL forests, SECONDARY forests, FOREST succession, FUNGAL colonies, CARBON cycle
Abstract

Summary: Nutrient limitation may constrain the ability of recovering and mature tropical forests to serve as a carbon sink. However, it is unclear to what extent trees can utilize nutrient acquisition strategies – especially root phosphatase enzymes and mycorrhizal symbioses – to overcome low nutrient availability across secondary succession.Using a large‐scale, full factorial nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization experiment of 76 plots along a secondary successional gradient in lowland wet tropical forests of Panama, we tested the extent to which root phosphatase enzyme activity and mycorrhizal colonization are flexible, and if investment shifts over succession, reflective of changing nutrient limitation. We also conducted a meta‐analysis to test how tropical trees adjust these strategies in response to nutrient additions and across succession.We find that tropical trees are dynamic, adjusting investment in strategies – particularly root phosphatase – in response to changing nutrient conditions through succession. These changes reflect a shift from strong nitrogen to weak phosphorus limitation over succession. Our meta‐analysis findings were consistent with our field study; we found more predictable responses of root phosphatase than mycorrhizal colonization to nutrient availability.Our findings suggest that nutrient acquisition strategies respond to nutrient availability and demand in tropical forests, likely critical for alleviating nutrient limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Comparative phylogeography reveals widespread cryptic diversity driven by ecology in Panamanian birds

Author

McLaughlin, J. F., primary, Aguilar, Celestino, additional, Bernstein, Justin M., additional, Navia-Gine, Wayra G., additional, Cueto-Aparicio, Luis E., additional, Alarcon, Ashleigh C., additional, Alarcon, Brandon D., additional, Collier, Rugger, additional, Takyar, Anshule, additional, Vong, Sidney J., additional, López-Chong, Oscar G., additional, Driver, Robert, additional, Loaiza, Jose R., additional, De León, Luis F., additional, Saltonstall, Kristin, additional, Lipshutz, Sara E., additional, Arcila, Dahiana, additional, Brock, Kinsey M., additional, and Miller, Matthew J., additional

Published
2023
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16. Environmental DNA (eDNA) reveals potential for interoceanic fish invasions across the Panama Canal

Author

Schreiber, Lennart, Castellanos‐Galindo, Gustavo A, Robertson, D Ross, Torchin, Mark, Chavarria, Karina, Laakmann, Silke, Saltonstall, Kristin, Schreiber, Lennart, Castellanos‐Galindo, Gustavo A, Robertson, D Ross, Torchin, Mark, Chavarria, Karina, Laakmann, Silke, and Saltonstall, Kristin

Abstract

Interoceanic canals can facilitate biological invasions as they connect the world's oceans and remove dispersal barriers between bioregions. As a consequence, multiple opportunities for biotic exchange arise and the resulting establishment of migrant species often causes adverse ecological and economic impacts. The Panama Canal is a key region for biotic exchange as it connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in Central America. In this study, we used two complementary methods (environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding and gillnetting) to survey fish communities in this unique waterway. Using COI (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) metabarcoding, we detected a total of 142 fish species, including evidence for the presence of sixteen Atlantic and eight Pacific marine fish in different freshwater sections of the Canal. Of these, nine are potentially new records. Molecular data did not capture all species caught with gillnets, but generally provided a more complete image of the known fish fauna as more small-bodied fish species were detected. Diversity indices based on eDNA surveys revealed significant differences across different sections of the Canal reflecting in part the prevailing environmental conditions. The observed increase in the presence of marine fish species in the Canal indicates a growing potential for interoceanic fish invasions. The potential ecological and evolutionary consequences of this increase in marine fishes are not only restricted to the fish fauna in the Canal as they could also impact adjacent ecosystems in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

Published
2023

21. Microbial diversity decline and community response are decoupled from increased respiration in warmed tropical forest soil

Author

Nottingham, Andrew, Scott, Jarrod J., Saltonstall, Kristin, Broders, Kirk, Montero-Sanchez, Maria, Püspök, Johann, Bååth, Erland, and Meir, Patrick

Abstract

Perturbation of soil microbial communities by rising temperatures could have important consequences for biodiversity and future climate, particularly in tropical forests where high biological diversity coincides with a vast store of soil carbon. We carried out a 2-year in situ soil warming experiment in a tropical forest in Panama and found large changes in the soil microbial community and its growth sensitivity, which did not fully explain observed large increases in CO2 emission. Microbial diversity, especially of bacteria, declined markedly with 3 to 8 °C warming, demonstrating a breakdown in the positive temperature-diversity relationship observed elsewhere. The microbial community composition shifted with warming, with many taxa no longer detected and others enriched, including thermophilic taxa. This community shift resulted in community adaptation of growth to warmer temperatures, which we used to predict changes in soil CO2 emissions. However, the in situ CO2 emissions exceeded our model predictions threefold, potentially driven by abiotic acceleration of enzymatic activity. Our results suggest that warming of tropical forests will have rapid, detrimental consequences both for soil microbial biodiversity and future climate.

Published
2022

50. Survey of Grauer's Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla graueri) and Eastern Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthi) in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park Lowland Sector and Adjacent Forest in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Author

Hall, Jefferson S., White, Lee J. T., Inogwabini, Bila-Isia, Omari, Ilambu, Morland, Hilary Simons, Williamson, Elizabeth A., Saltonstall, Kristin, Walsh, Peter, Sikubwabo, Claude, Bonny, Dumbo, Kiswele, Kaleme Prince, Vedder, Amy, and Freeman, Kathy

Published
1998
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