36 results on '"Salomon CE"'
Search Results
2. A microbial drone system for targeting and destroying Pseudomonas biofilms
- Author
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Erickson, J, primary, Heimann, G, additional, Rusman, Y, additional, and Salomon, CE, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. In Search of Novel Cancer Therapeutics: Assessing the NCI Natural Product Library against Ten Anti-Apoptotic Protein Targets
- Author
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Divlianska, DB, primary, Wright, AE, additional, Francis, S, additional, Walters, MA, additional, Salomon, CE, additional, Diaz, PW, additional, Hassig, CA, additional, O'Keefe, BR, additional, Reed, JC, additional, and Roth, GP, additional
- Published
- 2013
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4. Limb Regeneration in Zebrafish as a Discovery Tool for Modulators of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Cancer
- Author
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Rusman, Y, primary, Kawakami, Y, additional, Spike, A, additional, Bagchi, A, additional, and Salomon, CE, additional
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- 2013
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5. Regional geochemical baseline concentration of potentially toxic trace metals in the mineralized Lom Basin, East Cameroon: a tool for contamination assessment
- Author
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Mumbfu Ernestine Mimba, Takeshi Ohba, Salomon César Nguemhe Fils, Melvin Tamnta Nforba, Nozomi Numanami, Tasin Godlove Bafon, Festus Tongwa Aka, and Cheo Emmanuel Suh
- Subjects
Geochemical mapping ,Background values ,Stream sediments ,Mineralogy ,Trace metals ,Cameroon ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Abstract The distribution of trace metals in active stream sediments from the mineralized Lom Basin has been evaluated. Fifty-five bottom sediments were collected and the mineralogical composition of six pulverized samples determined by XRD. The fine fraction (
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
6. Radarsat-1 image processing for regional-scale geological mapping with mining vocation under dense vegetation and equatorial climate environment, Southwestern Cameroon
- Author
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Salomon Cesar Nguemhe Fils, Carrol Hedwige Bekele Mongo, David Guimolaire Nkouathio, Mumbfu Ernestine Mimba, Joachim Etouna, Philippe Njandjock Nouck, and Brunot Nyeck
- Subjects
Geodesy ,QB275-343 - Abstract
The potential of Radarsat-1 beam mode Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data processing for geological investigation in an equatorial environment has been evaluated. This approach used textural analysis based on Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) on our image, followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed on eight normalized co-occurrence indices created (mean, variance, homogeneity, contrast, dissimilarity, entropy, second moment and correlation) and directional filters for lithological discriminations and lineament investigations. Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color-composite was applied to three of the indices, the mean, variance and homogeneity, highlighting the morphostructure of the study area and facilitate lithology discrimination. The PC1 band was multiplied by itself (as PC1 × PC1 image) to enhance the information contained in this neo-canal and to reduce noise during filtering. Directional filters were then applied to the PC1 × PC1 image at 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° directions and the structure lines were extracted manually in a GIS software. From the results obtained, color-composite produced image map containing lithological units easily identified formations such as continental and coastal deposits, sedimentary stack, micaschists, garnet micaschists, micaceous quartzites, charnockitic orthogneisses, and coincided with those already existing on published geological map from Maurizot et al. (1986) and non-published geological map after IRGM geological field campaign. A total of 572 lineaments features (fractures and major faults) were identified on the filtered images and mapped. Major structures (faults) were considered as those clearly identified in the four directions while minor structures (fractures) were those observed in at least two directions. They are oriented in one of the two main directions: NE-SW (N040–N060) and NNW-SSE (N345–N360). The lineament result showed those that already existed on the reference maps and the newly updated lineaments. Spatial relationships between mapped lineaments and areas of current and historical mining exploration were examined by overall lineament density. GPS points of gold indices existing in the area correlate with areas of high lineament density particularly around the Ngovayang massif within the Paleoproterozoic Nyong unit. This study stresses the usefulness of remote sensing data and methods in field campaign, improvement of published geological maps and mining prospecting in areas with an equatorial climate. Keywords: RADARSAT1, GLCM, PCA, Directional filters, Geological investigation, Equatorial environment
- Published
- 2018
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7. A Collaborative Change Detection Approach on Multi-Sensor Spatial Imagery for Desert Wetland Monitoring after a Flash Flood in Southern Morocco
- Author
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Sofia Hakdaoui, Anas Emran, Biswajeet Pradhan, Chang-Wook Lee, and Salomon Cesar Nguemhe Fils
- Subjects
categorical processing ,collaborative change detection ,remote sensing ,GIS ,wet land monitoring ,Morocco ,Science - Abstract
This study aims to present a technique that combines multi-sensor spatial data to monitor wetland areas after a flash-flood event in a Saharan arid region. To extract the most efficient information, seven satellite images (radar and optical) taken before and after the event were used. To achieve the objectives, this study used Sentinel-1 data to discriminate water body and soil roughness, and optical data to monitor the soil moisture after the event. The proposed method combines two approaches: one based on spectral processing, and the other based on categorical processing. The first step was to extract four spectral indices and utilize change vector analysis on multispectral diachronic images from three MSI Sentinel-2 images and two Landsat-8 OLI images acquired before and after the event. The second step was performed using pattern classification techniques, namely, linear classifiers based on support vector machines (SVM) with Gaussian kernels. The results of these two approaches were fused to generate a collaborative wetland change map. The application of co-registration and supervised classification based on textural and intensity information from Radar Sentinel-1 images taken before and after the event completes this work. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of the complementarity of multi-sensor images and a multi-approach methodology to better monitor changes to a wetland area after a flash-flood disaster.
- Published
- 2019
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8. Antimicrobial isoflavans and other metabolites of Dalea nana.
- Author
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Belofsky G, Cruz C, Schultz T, Zapata M, Wilcox D, Wasmund B, Salomon CE, and Spiegel PC
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- Molecular Structure, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents isolation & purification, Plant Roots chemistry, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents chemistry, Antifungal Agents isolation & purification, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents isolation & purification, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Cryptococcus neoformans drug effects, Isoflavones chemistry, Isoflavones pharmacology, Isoflavones isolation & purification
- Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of extracts from Dalea nana roots and aerial parts led to the isolation of thirteen phenolic compounds. Three previously undescribed isoflavans, named verdeans A-C (1, 3, and 7), were characterized. Two additional isoflavans (2 and 5) were previously undescribed enantiomers of known compounds. A previously undescribed isoflavone (verdean D, 10) was found, and the known specialized metabolites, isoflavans 4, 6, 8, and 9, isoflavone 11, flavone 12, and a 2-arylbenzofuran 13, were also isolated. All but one (7) of the isoflavans were prenylated. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds were deduced by NMR spectroscopy, supported by HRESI mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations of 1-3, 5, and 7-9 were determined by ECD. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 8 exhibited in vitro antimicrobial activities, causing complete growth inhibition (MIC) at concentrations between 6.7 and 37.0 μM against Cryptococcus neoformans and between 8.9 and 25.0 μM against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The most broadly active previously undescribed compound was verdean A (1), with MIC values of 6.7 and 12.9 μM toward C. neoformans and MRSA, respectively, and an MIC of 10.0 μM against the often-intractable C. albicans., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Gil Belofsky reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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9. Outlining the Hidden Curriculum: Perspectives on Successfully Navigating Scientific Conferences.
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Caro-Diaz EJ, Balunas MJ, Giddings LA, Loesgen S, Murphy BT, Naman CB, Salomon CE, Tidgewell KJ, and Winter JM
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- Humans, Congresses as Topic, Curriculum
- Abstract
Scientific conferences and meetings are valuable opportunities for researchers to network, communicate, and develop knowledge. For early career scientists, conferences can also be intimidating, confusing, and overwhelming, especially without having adequate preparation or experience. In this Perspective, we provide advice based on previous experiences navigating scientific meetings and conferences. These guidelines outline parts of the hidden curriculum around preparing for and attending meetings, navigating conference sessions, networking with other scientists, and participating in social activities while upholding a recommended code of conduct.
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- 2024
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10. Antimicrobial Isoflavans and Other Metabolites of Dalea jamesii.
- Author
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Belofsky G, Ahn H, Zapata M, Wilcox D, Salomon CE, and Spiegel PC
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Phenols, Vancomycin pharmacology, Flavonoids, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Plant Extracts pharmacology
- Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of extracts of Dalea jamesii root and aerial portions led to the isolation of ten phenolic compounds. Six previously undescribed prenylated isoflavans, summarily named ormegans A - F (1 - 6: ), were characterized, along with two new arylbenzofurans (7, 8: ), a known flavone (9: ), and a known chroman (10: ). The structures of the new compounds were deduced by NMR spectroscopy, supported by HRESI mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations of 1 - 6: were determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Compounds 1 - 9: exhibited in vitro antimicrobial activities, causing 98% or greater growth inhibition at concentrations as low as 2.5 - 5.1 µM against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis , and Cryptococcus neoformans . Interestingly, the most active compound was the dimeric arylbenzofuran 8: (> 90% growth inhibition at 2.5 µM) against both methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis , tenfold more active than its corresponding monomer (7: )., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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11. Reinvestigation of the structure-activity relationships of isoniazid.
- Author
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Hegde P, Boshoff HIM, Rusman Y, Aragaw WW, Salomon CE, Dick T, and Aldrich CC
- Subjects
- Antitubercular Agents chemistry, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Isoniazid chemistry, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Structure, Pyridines chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Isoniazid pharmacology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects
- Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) remains a cornerstone for treatment of drug susceptible tuberculosis (TB), yet the quantitative structure-activity relationships for INH are not well documented in the literature. In this paper, we have evaluated a systematic series of INH analogs against contemporary Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from different lineages and a few non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Deletion of the pyridyl nitrogen atom, isomerization of the pyridine nitrogen to other positions, replacement of the pyridine ring with isosteric heterocycles, and modification of the hydrazide moiety of INH abolishes antitubercular activity. Similarly, substitution of the pyridine ring at the 3-position is not tolerated while substitution at the 2-position is permitted with 2-methyl-INH 9 displaying antimycobacterial activity comparable to INH. To assess the specific activity of this series of INH analogs against mycobacteria, we assayed them against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as a few fungi. As expected INH and its analogs display a narrow spectrum of activity and are inactive against all non-mycobacterial strains evaluated, except for 4, which has modest inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans. Our findings provide an updated analysis of the structure-activity relationship of INH that we hope will serve as useful resource for the community., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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12. A nontoxic fungal natural product modulates fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae upstream of FGF-WNT developmental signaling.
- Author
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Cavanah P, Itou J, Rusman Y, Tahara N, Williams JM, Salomon CE, and Kawakami Y
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- Animal Fins, Animals, Biological Products pharmacology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement drug effects, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Fibroblast Growth Factors metabolism, Humans, Wnt Signaling Pathway drug effects, Zebrafish, Regeneration drug effects
- Abstract
Background: The regeneration of larvae zebrafish fin emerged as a new model of regeneration in the last decade. In contrast to genetic tools to study fin regeneration, chemical probes to modulate and interrogate regeneration processes are not well developed., Results: We set up a zebrafish larvae fin regeneration assay system and tested activities of natural product compounds and extracts, prepared from various microbes. Colomitide C, a recently isolated product from a fungus obtained from Antarctica, inhibited larvae fin regeneration. Using fluorescent reporter transgenic lines, we show that colomitide C inhibited fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and WNT/β-catenin signaling, which were activated after larvae fin amputation. By using the endothelial cell reporter line and immunofluorescence, we showed that colomitide C did not affect migration of the blood vessel and nerve into the injured larvae fin. Colomitide C did not show any cytotoxic activities when tested against FGF receptor-amplified human cancer cell lines., Conclusion: Colomitide C, a natural product, modulated larvae fin regeneration likely acting upstream of FGF and WNT signaling. Colomitide C may serve as a template for developing new chemical probes to study regeneration and other biological processes., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2021
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13. Diverse subterranean fungi of an underground iron ore mine.
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Held BW, Salomon CE, and Blanchette RA
- Subjects
- Wastewater chemistry, Fungi isolation & purification, Iron, Mining
- Abstract
Mines and caves are unusual ecosystems containing unique fungi and are greatly understudied compared to other environments. The Soudan Mine in Tower, MN, an iron ore mine that closed in 1963 after operating for 80 years, was sampled to explore fungal diversity and to investigate taxa that tolerate heavy metals for potential bioprocessing technologies or as sources of bioactive molecules for drug discovery and possible biocontrol for white-nose syndrome (WNS) of bats. The mine is 714 m deep, has 18 levels and contains large quantities of wooden timbers, in contrast to many other oligotrophic subterranean environments. Fungi were cultured from samples and the ITS region was sequenced for identification and phylogenetic analysis. Results show Ascomycota are the dominant fungi followed by Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota. Out of 164 identified taxa, 108 belong to the Ascomycota and 26 and 31 to Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota, respectively. There are also 46 taxa that do not match (<97% BLAST GenBank identity) sequenced fungal species. Examples of the most commonly isolated Ascomycota include Scytalidium sp., Mariannaea comptospora, Hypocrea pachybasidioides, Oidiodendron griseum and Pochonia bulbillosa; Basidiomycota include Postia sp., Sistotrema brinkmannii, Calocera sp., Amylocorticiellum sp.; Mucoromycota include Mortierella parvispora, M. gamsii, M. hyaline, M. basiparvispora and Mortierella sp. Unusual growth forms were also found including large quantities of black rhizomorphs of Armillaria sinapina and white mycelial cords of Postia sp. mycelium, as well as Pseudogymnoascus species growing over large areas of mine walls and ceiling. The mine environment is a relatively extreme environment for fungi, with the presence of high levels of heavy metals, complete darkness and poor nutrient availability. Several genera are similar to those isolated in other extreme environments but phylogenetic analyses show differences in species between these environments. Results indicate this subterranean environment hosts a wide diversity of fungi, many of them not found in above ground environments., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2020
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14. Antifungal Norditerpene Oidiolactones from the Fungus Oidiodendron truncatum , a Potential Biocontrol Agent for White-Nose Syndrome in Bats.
- Author
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Rusman Y, Wilson MB, Williams JM, Held BW, Blanchette RA, Anderson BN, Lupfer CR, and Salomon CE
- Subjects
- Animals, Antifungal Agents isolation & purification, Chiroptera microbiology, Diterpenes isolation & purification, Hibernation, Minnesota, Antifungal Agents chemistry, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Ascomycota chemistry, Diterpenes chemistry
- Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a devastating disease of hibernating bats caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans . We obtained 383 fungal and bacterial isolates from the Soudan Iron Mine, an important bat hibernaculum in Minnesota, then screened this library for antifungal activity to develop biological control treatments for WNS. An extract from the fungus Oidiodendron truncatum was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation, which led to the isolation of 14 norditerpene and three anthraquinone metabolites. Ten of these compounds were previously described in the literature, and here we present the structures of seven new norditerpene analogues. Additionally, this is the first report of 4-chlorophyscion from a natural source, previously identified as a semisynthetic product. The compounds PR 1388 and LL-Z1271α were the only inhibitors of P. destructans (MIC = 7.5 and 15 μg/mL, respectively). Compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against fibroblast cell cultures obtained from Myotis septentrionalis (northern long eared bat) and M. grisescens (gray bat) using a standard MTT viability assay. The most active antifungal compound, PR 1388, was nontoxic toward cells from both bat species (IC
50 > 100 μM). We discuss the implications of these results in the context of the challenges and logistics of developing a substrate treatment or prophylactic for WNS.- Published
- 2020
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15. Discovery of Antifungal and Biofilm Preventative Compounds from Mycelial Cultures of a Unique North American Hericium sp. Fungus.
- Author
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Song X, Gaascht F, Schmidt-Dannert C, and Salomon CE
- Subjects
- Agaricales growth & development, Biofilms, Mycelium growth & development, Agaricales chemistry, Antifungal Agents chemistry, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Candida albicans growth & development, Mycelium chemistry
- Abstract
Edible mushrooms are an important source of nutraceuticals and for the discovery of bioactive metabolites as pharmaceuticals. In this work, the OSMAC (One Strain, Many Active Compounds) approach was used to isolate two new compounds ( 1 and 2 ) along with seven known compounds ( 3 - 9 ) from a mycelial culture of a unique North American edible mushroom Hericium sp. The fruiting body was collected in Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota (USA), and mycelial cultures were grown on four different solid and liquid media. Extracts from the mycelial cultures were screened for antimicrobial activity and only the extract from the Cheerios substrate culture exhibited antifungal activity. Bioassay guided fractionation and HPLC analysis were used to isolate nine pure compounds and the structures of the known compounds were established by analysis of the NMR and mass spectrometry data and comparison to published reports. Compound 1 is a new erinacerin alkaloid and 2 is an aldehyde derivative of 4-hydroxy chroman. Four chlorinated orcinol derivatives ( 3 - 6 ), a pyran ( 7 ), erinaceolactone ( 8 ), and erinacine ( 9 ) were identified. Compound 4 showed antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans (MIC = 31.3-62.5 μg/mL, respectively). Compound 4 also inhibited biofilm formation of C. albicans and C. neoformans at 7.8 μg/mL. These results suggest that mycelial cultures of edible fungi may provide useful, bioactive compounds.
- Published
- 2020
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16. Cadopherone and colomitide polyketides from Cadophora wood-rot fungi associated with historic expedition huts in Antarctica.
- Author
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Rusman Y, Held BW, Blanchette RA, He Y, and Salomon CE
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- Antarctic Regions, Cell Survival drug effects, Molecular Conformation, Molecular Structure, Phylogeny, Polyketides chemistry, Polyketides pharmacology, Ascomycota isolation & purification, Polyketide Synthases metabolism, Polyketides isolation & purification, Wood microbiology
- Abstract
Recent investigations of filamentous fungi isolated from coastal areas and historic wooden structures in the Ross Sea and Peninsula regions of Antarctica have identified the genus Cadophora as one of the most abundant fungal groups, comprising more than 30% of culturable fungi at some locations. A methanol extract of Cadophora luteo-olivacea grown on rice media yielded the known polyketides spiciferone A, spiciferol A, dihydrospiciferone A and dihydrospiciferol A. Additionally, nine related hexaketides were identified, including spiciferone F, two isomers of the known fungal bicyclic ketal colomitide B, cadopherones A-D, similin C, and spicifernin B. HPLC and NMR analysis of extracts from other isolates collected in Antarctica suggests that the spiciferones and colomitides are produced by at least two different Cadophora species. Preliminary precursor feeding experiments provided evidence for the biosynthesis of the colomitides from the same polyketide pathway as the spiciferone phytotoxins, possibly via a type III polyketide synthase (PKS). None of the compounds were active in a panel of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and mammalian cytotoxicity assays., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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17. Resource capture and competitive ability of non-pathogenic Pseudogymnoascus spp. and P. destructans, the cause of white-nose syndrome in bats.
- Author
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Wilson MB, Held BW, Freiborg AH, Blanchette RA, and Salomon CE
- Subjects
- Animals, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Chiroptera physiology, DNA, Fungal genetics, Hibernation, Nose microbiology, Phylogeny, Saccharomycetales drug effects, Saccharomycetales growth & development, Saccharomycetales isolation & purification, Chiroptera microbiology, Mycoses veterinary, Saccharomycetales classification
- Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a devastating fungal disease that has been causing the mass mortality of hibernating bats in North America since 2006 and is caused by the psychrophilic dermatophyte Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Infected bats shed conidia into hibernaculum sediments and surfaces, but it is unknown if P. destructans can form stable, reproductive populations outside its bat hosts. Previous studies have found non-pathogenic Pseudogymnoascus in bat hibernacula, and these fungi may provide insight into the natural history of P. destructans. We compared the relatedness, resource capture, and competitive ability of non-pathogenic Pseudogymnoascus isolates with P. destructans to determine if they have similar adaptations for survival in hibernacula sediment. All non-pathogenic Pseudogymnoascus isolates grew faster, utilized a broader range of substrates with higher efficiency, and were generally more resistant to antifungals compared to P. destructans. All isolates also showed the ability to displace P. destructans in co-culture assays, but only some produced extractible antifungal metabolites. These results suggest that P. destructans would perform poorly in the same environmental niche as non-pathogenic Pseudogymnoascus, and must have an alternative saprophytic survival strategy if it establishes active populations in hibernaculum sediment and non-host surfaces.
- Published
- 2017
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18. Complete Genome Sequence of Streptomyces albus SM254, a Potent Antagonist of Bat White-Nose Syndrome Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans.
- Author
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Badalamenti JP, Erickson JD, and Salomon CE
- Abstract
We sequenced and annotated the complete 7,170,504-bp genome of a novel secondary metabolite-producingStreptomycesstrain,Streptomyces albusSM254, isolated from copper-rich subsurface fluids at ~220-m depth within the Soudan Iron Mine (Soudan, MN, USA)., (Copyright © 2016 Badalamenti et al.)
- Published
- 2016
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19. Growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells induced by polyphenolic compounds of Acacia hydaspica: Involvement of multiple signal transduction pathways.
- Author
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Afsar T, Trembley JH, Salomon CE, Razak S, Khan MR, and Ahmed K
- Subjects
- Blotting, Western, Catechin analogs & derivatives, Catechin chemistry, Catechin pharmacology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival drug effects, Gallic Acid analogs & derivatives, Gallic Acid chemistry, Gallic Acid pharmacology, Humans, Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins metabolism, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Molecular Structure, NF-kappa B metabolism, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases metabolism, Polyphenols chemistry, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Survivin, X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein metabolism, bcl-X Protein metabolism, Acacia chemistry, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Polyphenols pharmacology, Signal Transduction drug effects
- Abstract
Acacia hydaspica R. Parker is known for its medicinal uses in multiple ailments. In this study, we performed bioassay-guided fractionation of cytotoxic compounds from A. hydaspica and investigated their effects on growth and signaling activity in prostate and breast cancer cell lines. Four active polyphenolic compounds were identified as 7-O-galloyl catechin (GC), catechin (C), methyl gallate (MG), and catechin-3-O-gallate (CG). The four compounds inhibited prostate cancer PC-3 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, whereas CG and MG inhibited breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell growth. All tested compounds inhibited cell survival and colony growth in both cell lines, and there was evidence of chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage and apoptotic bodies. Further, acridine orange, ethidium bromide, propidium iodide and DAPI staining demonstrated that cell death occurred partly via apoptosis in both PC-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In PC-3 cells treatment repressed the expression of anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and survivin, coupled with down-regulation of signaling pathways AKT, NFκB, ERK1/2 and JAK/STAT. In MDA-MB-231 cells, treatment induced reduction of CK2α, Bcl-xL, survivin and xIAP protein expression along with suppression of NFκB, JAK/STAT and PI3K pathways. Our findings suggest that certain polyphenolic compounds derived from A. hydaspica may be promising chemopreventive/therapeutic candidates against cancer.
- Published
- 2016
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20. Soudanones A-G: Antifungal Isochromanones from the Ascomycetous Fungus Cadophora sp. Isolated from an Iron Mine.
- Author
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Rusman Y, Held BW, Blanchette RA, Wittlin S, and Salomon CE
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents chemistry, Candida albicans drug effects, Chromans, Chromones chemistry, Chromones pharmacology, Cryptococcus neoformans drug effects, Iron, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mining, Minnesota, Molecular Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Antifungal Agents isolation & purification, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Chromones isolation & purification
- Abstract
One new isochromane (pseudoanguillosporin C, 2), seven isochromanones (soudanones A-G, 3-9), and six known analogues including 10 and 11 were isolated from a culture of the fungus Cadophora sp. 10-5-2 M, collected from the subterranean 10th level of the Soudan Underground Iron Mine in Minnesota. All of the compounds were tested against a panel of microbial pathogens, and 2, 3, 10, and 11 were found to have activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC = 35, 40, 20, and 30 μg/mL, respectively). Compound 11 was also active against Candida albicans, with an MIC of 40 μg/mL.
- Published
- 2015
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21. Ultra-High-Throughput Screening of Natural Product Extracts to Identify Proapoptotic Inhibitors of Bcl-2 Family Proteins.
- Author
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Hassig CA, Zeng FY, Kung P, Kiankarimi M, Kim S, Diaz PW, Zhai D, Welsh K, Morshedian S, Su Y, O'Keefe B, Newman DJ, Rusman Y, Kaur H, Salomon CE, Brown SG, Baire B, Michel AR, Hoye TR, Francis S, Georg GI, Walters MA, Divlianska DB, Roth GP, Wright AE, and Reed JC
- Subjects
- Caco-2 Cells, Caspase 3 metabolism, Caspase 7 metabolism, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor methods, Fluorescence Polarization methods, High-Throughput Screening Assays instrumentation, Humans, Miniaturization, Molecular Targeted Therapy methods, Mycotoxins isolation & purification, Mycotoxins pharmacology, Solid Phase Extraction, bcl-X Protein antagonists & inhibitors, Biological Products chemistry, High-Throughput Screening Assays methods, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins are validated cancer targets composed of six related proteins. From a drug discovery perspective, these are challenging targets that exert their cellular functions through protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Although several isoform-selective inhibitors have been developed using structure-based design or high-throughput screening (HTS) of synthetic chemical libraries, no large-scale screen of natural product collections has been reported. A competitive displacement fluorescence polarization (FP) screen of nearly 150,000 natural product extracts was conducted against all six antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins using fluorochrome-conjugated peptide ligands that mimic functionally relevant PPIs. The screens were conducted in 1536-well format and displayed satisfactory overall HTS statistics, with Z'-factor values ranging from 0.72 to 0.83 and a hit confirmation rate between 16% and 64%. Confirmed active extracts were orthogonally tested in a luminescent assay for caspase-3/7 activation in tumor cells. Active extracts were resupplied, and effort toward the isolation of pure active components was initiated through iterative bioassay-guided fractionation. Several previously described altertoxins were isolated from a microbial source, and the pure compounds demonstrate activity in both Bcl-2 FP and caspase cellular assays. The studies demonstrate the feasibility of ultra-high-throughput screening using natural product sources and highlight some of the challenges associated with this approach., (© 2014 Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening.)
- Published
- 2014
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22. Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkyl-9-aminoacridines with antibacterial activity.
- Author
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Benoit AR, Schiaffo C, Salomon CE, Goodell JR, Hiasa H, and Ferguson DM
- Subjects
- Aminoacridines chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Methicillin pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Structure, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Structure-Activity Relationship, Aminoacridines chemical synthesis, Aminoacridines pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
A series of 9-alkylaminoacridines were synthesized and evaluated for activity against two strains of methicillin-resistant and one strain of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Results are presented that show a clear structure activity relationship between the N-alkyl chain length and antibacterial activity with peak MIC99 values of 2-3 μM for alkyl chains ranging from 10 to 14 carbons in length. Although prior work has linked the function of acridine-based compounds to intercalation and topoisomerase inhibition, the present results show that 9-alkylaminoacridines likely function as amphiphilic membrane-active disruptors potentially in a similar manner as quaternary ammonium antimicrobials., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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23. Antiproliferative activities of halogenated thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines.
- Author
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Temburnikar KW, Zimmermann SC, Kim NT, Ross CR, Gelbmann C, Salomon CE, Wilson GM, Balzarini J, and Seley-Radtke KL
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Antifungal Agents chemical synthesis, Antifungal Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Cycle drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Structure, Pyrimidines chemical synthesis, Pyrimidines chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Bacillus subtilis drug effects, Fungi drug effects, Pyrimidines pharmacology
- Abstract
The in vitro evaluation of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines identified halogenated compounds 1 and 2 with antiproliferative activity against three different cancer cell lines. A structure activity relationship study indicated the necessity of the chlorine at the C4-position for biological activity. The two most active compounds 1 and 2 were found to induce apoptosis in the leukemia L1210 cell line. Additionally, the compounds were screened against a variety of other microbial targets and as a result, selective activity against several fungi was also observed. The synthesis and preliminary biological results are reported herein., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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24. Subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations mediate nutrient use and competition among soil streptomyces.
- Author
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Vaz Jauri P, Bakker MG, Salomon CE, and Kinkel LL
- Subjects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Streptomyces isolation & purification, Streptomyces metabolism, Streptomyces physiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Soil Microbiology, Streptomyces drug effects
- Abstract
Though traditionally perceived as weapons, antibiotics are also hypothesized to act as microbial signals in natural habitats. However, while subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics (SICA) are known to shift bacterial gene expression, specific hypotheses as to how SICA influence the ecology of natural populations are scarce. We explored whether antibiotic 'signals', or SICA, have the potential to alter nutrient utilization, niche overlap, and competitive species interactions among Streptomyces populations in soil. For nine diverse Streptomyces isolates, we evaluated nutrient utilization patterns on 95 different nutrient sources in the presence and absence of subinhibitory concentrations of five antibiotics. There were significant changes in nutrient use among Streptomyces isolates, including both increases and decreases in the capacity to use individual nutrients in the presence vs. in the absence of SICA. Isolates varied in their responses to SICA and antibiotics varied in their effects on isolates. Furthermore, for some isolate-isolate-antibiotic combinations, competition-free growth (growth for an isolate on all nutrients that were not utilized by a competing isolate), was increased in the presence of SICA, reducing the potential fitness cost of nutrient competition among those competitors. This suggests that antibiotics may provide a mechanism for bacteria to actively minimize niche overlap among competitors in soil. Thus, in contrast to antagonistic coevolutionary dynamics, antibiotics as signals may mediate coevolutionary displacement among coexisting Streptomyces, thereby hindering the emergence of antibiotic resistant phenotypes. These results contribute to our broad understanding of the ecology and evolutionary biology of antibiotics and microbial signals in nature.
- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
25. Solphenazines A-F, glycosylated phenazines from Streptomyces sp. strain DL-93.
- Author
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Rusman Y, Oppegard LM, Hiasa H, Gelbmann C, and Salomon CE
- Subjects
- 4-Aminobenzoic Acid chemistry, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Chlorocebus aethiops, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Glycosides chemistry, Glycosides pharmacology, HCT116 Cells, Humans, Kidney cytology, Kidney drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Structure, Phenazines chemistry, Phenazines pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents isolation & purification, Glycosides isolation & purification, Phenazines isolation & purification, Plant Diseases microbiology, Streptomyces chemistry, Streptomyces drug effects, Streptomyces genetics, Streptomyces growth & development
- Abstract
During a survey of actinobacteria known to suppress the growth of Streptomyces scabies (the causative agent of potato scab disease) in vivo, six new rhamnosylated alkaloids, the solphenazines A-F (1-6), were isolated from a biological control strain of Streptomyces (DL-93). The known rhamnosyl analogue of paraben (9) was also isolated along with a new rhamnosylated derivative of N-methyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (10). None of the compounds exhibited any antibacterial or antifungal activity against a standard panel of microorganisms, but compounds 1, 2, and 6 displayed some cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cancer cells. Additional in vitro testing provided data suggesting that the cytotoxic activity is not due to DNA intercalation or topoisomerase inhibition.
- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
26. Pathogen variation and urea influence selection and success of Streptomyces mixtures in biological control.
- Author
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Otto-Hanson LK, Grabau Z, Rosen C, Salomon CE, and Kinkel LL
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Biological Control Agents, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial drug effects, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Phenotype, Plant Diseases prevention & control, Plant Tubers drug effects, Plant Tubers microbiology, Solanum tuberosum drug effects, Streptomyces drug effects, Streptomyces isolation & purification, Streptomyces pathogenicity, Antibiosis drug effects, Plant Diseases microbiology, Soil Microbiology, Solanum tuberosum microbiology, Streptomyces physiology, Urea pharmacology
- Abstract
Success in biological control of plant diseases remains inconsistent in the field. A collection of well-characterized Streptomyces antagonists (n = 19 isolates) was tested for their capacities to inhibit pathogenic Streptomyces scabies (n = 15 isolates). There was significant variation among antagonists in ability to inhibit pathogen isolates and among pathogens in their susceptibility to inhibition. Only one antagonist could inhibit all pathogens, and antagonist-pathogen interactions were highly specific, highlighting the limitations of single-strain inoculum in biological control. However, the collection of pathogens could be inhibited by several combinations of antagonists, suggesting the potential for successful antagonist mixtures. Urea generally increased effectiveness of antagonists at inhibiting pathogens in vitro (increased mean inhibition zones) but its specific effects varied among antagonist-pathogen combinations. In greenhouse trials, urea enhanced the effectiveness of antagonist mixtures relative to individual antagonists in controlling potato scab. Although antagonist mixtures were frequently antagonistic in the absence of urea, all n= 2 and n = 3 antagonist-isolate combinations were synergistic in the presence of urea. This work provides insights into the efficacy of single- versus multiple-strain inocula in biological control and on the potential for nutrients to influence mixture success.
- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
27. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of transvalencin Z.
- Author
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Nelson KM, Salomon CE, and Aldrich CC
- Subjects
- Acinetobacter baumannii drug effects, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Bacillus subtilis drug effects, Candida albicans drug effects, Chlorocebus aethiops, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Enterococcus faecalis drug effects, Escherichia coli drug effects, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Structure, Mycobacterium drug effects, Nocardia chemistry, Oxazoles chemistry, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Salicylates chemistry, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Oxazoles chemical synthesis, Oxazoles pharmacology, Salicylates chemical synthesis, Salicylates pharmacology
- Abstract
The emerging global epidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis has created an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic approaches for disease treatment. Transvalencin Z (1) is a natural product from Nocardia transvalensis with relatively potent and selective antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis, making it an attractive target for structure-activity and mechanism of action studies. The total synthesis of the four possible diastereomers of transvalencin Z was completed (1a-d), and the absolute configurations were defined using chemical synthesis, HPLC retention times, and optical rotation measurements. Surprisingly, none of the transvalencin Z diastereomers exhibited any inhibitory activity against a panel of microbial pathogens, including several species of mycobacteria.
- Published
- 2012
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28. Natural products as leads for tuberculosis drug development.
- Author
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Salomon CE and Schmidt LE
- Subjects
- Animals, Antitubercular Agents chemistry, Biological Products chemistry, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Structure, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Structure-Activity Relationship, Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Biological Products pharmacology, Drug Discovery, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects
- Abstract
New therapeutics are urgently needed to combat the immense disease burden of tuberculosis and related mycobacterial diseases worldwide. Natural products continue to provide leads for the development of novel drugs to treat the rapidly growing numbers of patients with multi- and extensively-drug resistant tuberculosis. This review presents natural products and synthesized analogues with anti-mycobacterial activity published between 2006 through 2009. Structure activity relationships, synthetic analogues and newly reported activities of known compounds reported during this period are also included.
- Published
- 2012
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29. Pharmacophore and structure-activity relationships of integrase inhibition within a dual inhibitor scaffold of HIV reverse transcriptase and integrase.
- Author
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Wang Z, Tang J, Salomon CE, Dreis CD, and Vince R
- Subjects
- Anti-HIV Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Drug Design, HIV Integrase metabolism, HIV Integrase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, HIV Integrase Inhibitors pharmacology, HIV Reverse Transcriptase metabolism, Heterocyclic Compounds chemistry, Humans, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology, Stereoisomerism, Structure-Activity Relationship, Anti-HIV Agents chemistry, HIV Integrase chemistry, HIV Integrase Inhibitors chemistry, HIV Reverse Transcriptase antagonists & inhibitors, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors chemistry
- Abstract
Rational design of dually active inhibitors against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) has proved viable with 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) type of non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). To establish the pharmacophore and study the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of integrase inhibition within a previously disclosed RT/IN dual inhibitor scaffold, new analogues featuring substitution at different sites of the HEPT ring were designed and synthesized. These studies have revealed an IN inhibition pharmacophore that is merged with the known RT pharmacophore through a shared C-6 benzyl group. Further SAR also demonstrated that optimal IN inhibition within our dual inhibitor scaffold requires a regiospecific (N-1) diketoacid (DKA)-carrying pendant with a certain length., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
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30. Structure and cytotoxicity of arnamial and related fungal sesquiterpene aryl esters.
- Author
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Misiek M, Williams J, Schmich K, Hüttel W, Merfort I, Salomon CE, Aldrich CC, and Hoffmeister D
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents isolation & purification, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Esters, Female, Humans, Molecular Structure, Sesquiterpenes isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Armillaria chemistry, Sesquiterpenes chemistry, Sesquiterpenes pharmacology
- Abstract
We report on the structure elucidation of arnamial, a new Delta(2,4)-protoilludane everninate ester from the fungus Armillaria mellea, and on the apoptotic activity of arnamial as well as the cytotoxic activity of structurally related compounds on selected human cancer cells. Arnamial showed cytotoxicity against Jurkat T cells, MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma, CCRF-CEM lymphoblastic leukemia, and HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells at IC50 = 3.9, 15.4, 8.9, and 10.7 microM, respectively, and the related aryl ester melledonal C showed cytotoxic activity against CCRF-CEM cells (IC50 = 14.75 microM). [1,2-13C2]Acetate feeding supports a polyketide origin of the orsellinic acid moiety of arnamial.
- Published
- 2009
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31. Total synthesis of narbonolide and biotransformation to pikromycin.
- Author
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Venkatraman L, Salomon CE, Sherman DH, and Fecik RA
- Subjects
- Biotransformation, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Macrolides chemistry, Molecular Structure, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stereoisomerism, Streptomyces chemistry, Streptomyces metabolism, Macrolides chemical synthesis, Macrolides metabolism
- Abstract
An improved total synthesis of narbonolide and its biotransformation to pikromycin is reported. This total synthesis utilized an intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling that significantly improved macrocyclization yields (90-96%) and allowed for differentiation of the C3- and C5-oxidation states. A pikAI deletion mutant of Streptomyces venezuelae was used to biotransform synthetic narbonolide to pikromycin by glycosylation and oxidation in vivo. This integration of synthetic chemistry and engineered biotransformations holds great promise for the synthesis of novel macrolide analogues of biological interest.
- Published
- 2006
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32. Merging the potential of microbial genetics with biological and chemical diversity: an even brighter future for marine natural product drug discovery.
- Author
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Salomon CE, Magarvey NA, and Sherman DH
- Subjects
- Bridged-Ring Compounds chemistry, Bridged-Ring Compounds isolation & purification, Macrolides chemistry, Macrolides isolation & purification, Molecular Structure, Multienzyme Complexes metabolism, Naphthoquinones chemistry, Naphthoquinones isolation & purification, Thiazoles chemistry, Thiazoles isolation & purification, Biodiversity, Biological Factors chemistry, Biological Factors genetics, Genetics, Microbial, Marine Biology
- Abstract
Marine invertebrates and a growing number of marine bacteria are the sources of novel, bioactive secondary metabolites. Structurally, many of these compounds appear to be biosynthesized by polyketide synthases (PKS) and/or nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) that have also been found in terrestrial microbes. This review highlights scientific advances from 1999-2003 in the emerging field of molecular genetics of polyketide and nonribosomal peptide natural products isolated from marine organisms. The implications of this research towards the development of marine secondary metabolites as a sustainable source of new drugs are discussed.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Relative and absolute stereochemistry of the didemnaketals, metabolites of a Palauan ascidian, Didemnum sp.
- Author
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Salomon CE, Williams DH, Lobkovsky E, Clardy JC, and Faulkner DJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-HIV Agents isolation & purification, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Crystallography, X-Ray, Esters isolation & purification, Esters pharmacology, HIV-1 drug effects, Indicators and Reagents, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Models, Molecular, Molecular Conformation, Oxidation-Reduction, Spiro Compounds isolation & purification, Spiro Compounds pharmacology, Anti-HIV Agents chemistry, Esters chemistry, Spiro Compounds chemistry, Urochordata chemistry
- Abstract
[structure: see text] The absolute stereochemistry of the heptaprenoids didemnaketals B (2) and C (3), isolated from a Palauan ascidian, was determined using a combination of degradation and derivatization experiments, chiral shift methods, and comparison of fragments to known compounds.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Localization studies of ioactive cyclic peptides in the ascidian Lissoclinum patella.
- Author
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Salomon CE and Faulkner DJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Molecular Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Palau, Peptides, Cyclic chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Urochordata cytology, Peptides, Cyclic isolation & purification, Urochordata chemistry
- Abstract
A Palauan specimen of the ascidian Lissoclinum patella contained the cyclic peptides patellamides A-C. In contrast to previous reports concerning the location of cyclic peptides in L. patella and L. bistratum, it has been demonstrated that these cyclic peptides were not located in the symbiotic cyanobacterium Prochloron sp. but were instead distributed throughout the ascidian tunic. The relevance of these results with respect to the biosynthetic origins of the patellamides is discussed.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Plakinidine D, a new pyrroloacridine alkaloid from two ascidians of the genus Didemnum.
- Author
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Smith CJ, Venables DA, Hopmann C, Salomon CE, Jompa J, Tahir A, Faulkner DJ, and Ireland CM
- Subjects
- Alkaloids pharmacology, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Alkaloids isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents isolation & purification, Urochordata chemistry
- Abstract
A previously undescribed red Didemnum sp. collected in Indonesia contained a novel pyrroloacridine, plakinidine D (4), along with the known compounds 3,5-diiodo-4-methoxyphenethylamine (5) and ascididemin (6), both of which had previously been isolated from ascidians of the genus Didemnum. Plakinidine D (4) and 3,5-diiodo-4-methoxyphenethylamine (5) were also isolated from Didemnum rubeum from the Republic of Palau. Interestingly, a collection of D. rubeum from Indonesia did not contain plakinidine D (4), but instead contained 3,5-diiodo-4-methoxyphenethylamine (5) and ascididemin (6). The structure of plakinidine D (4) was elucidated by analysis of its spectral data. Plakinidine D (4) is closely related to plakinidines A-C (1-3), previously isolated from the sponge Plakortis sp.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. New azacyclopropene derivatives from Dysidea fragilis collected in Pohnpei.
- Author
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Salomon CE, Williams DH, and Faulkner DJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Azirines chemistry, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Molecular Structure, Stereoisomerism, Azirines isolation & purification, Porifera chemistry
- Abstract
The sponge Dysidea fragilis from Pohnpei contained four azacyclopropene derivatives, (4E)-S-dysidazirine [2], which is the optical enantiomer of the known compound dysidazirine [1], (4Z)-dysidazirine [3], (4E)-S-antazirine [4], and (4Z)-antazirine [5]. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectral data.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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