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Background: Most medical research today focuses on three aspects: stress and burnout at work mental illness such as depression and suicide and drug addiction. On the other hand, little research has been done among physicians so far on behavioral and preventive interventions including healthy lifestyles habits among physicians. Therefore, the aim of this study to assess the lifestyle habits practicing among KSMC physicians, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh (including all physicians in King Saud Medical City), from April, 2020 till December 2021 using pre-designed questionnaire which was distributed online. The questionnaire was prepared to assess the demographic factors, physical activity, eating pattern, health concern. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 for data analysis. Results: we were able to collect data from 104 physicians in response to our questionnaire where all of them where medicine physicians and 57.7 % of them were males. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 18.4 % and 27.2 % respectively. Moreover, 55.8 % of physicians reported that they did not practice any type of exercises however, 32.7 % practiced endurance or aerobic exercise. Furthermore, 24 % of the participants reported being on diet where 8.7 % were on keto diet and 1.9 % were on Mediterranean diet. In our study, poor exercise and diet habits were associated with poor BMI, poor sleep pattern and higher prevalence of medical conditions. Conclusion: We found that there is high prevalence of obesity and overweight among physicians at KSMC, Saudi Arabia which in addition to poor sleep pattern and high incidence of other medical conditions were significantly associated with the poor life-style habits including low level of practicing exercise and having health diet regime.

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most widely recognized surgeries for tonsillitis. It is the default surgery option for obstructive sleep apnea, recurrent tonsillitis, and recurrent peritonsillar abscess. However, there are limited risk factor analyses in Saudi Arabia related to tonsillectomy. The goal of study is to evaluate and analyze the risk factors for secondary post-tonsillectomy bleeding in Saudi Arabia. Method: This retrospective review study was directed at King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Univariate and multivariate investigations were performed to decide the risk factors. Results: A total of 713 children were included. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding occurred in only 5.3% of tonsillectomies. There was no seasonal variation impact on post-tonsillectomy bleeding rate ( P = .8). The multivariate analysis showed a significant association between post-tonsillectomy bleeding and both age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.156; 95% CI: 1.007-1.326; P = .039) and sleep disorder breathing/obstructive sleep apnea (OR = 3.581; 95% CI: 1.454-8.820; P = .006). Conclusion: This study revealed that age, sleep disorder/obstructive sleep apnea, and longer hospital stay after tonsillectomy are significant risk factors for post-tonsillectomy bleeding. This study provides an important baseline for further local studies in the future.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the commonest conditions encountered in primary care centers as mentioned earlier. CTS of mild to moderate severity can often be effectively treated in a primary care environment. However, many patients being referred immediately to hospital for consideration of surgical decompression. Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate the available primary care options and their efficacy in dealing with CTS. Methods: PubMed database was used for articles selection, and the following keys used in the mesh (("Carpal tunnel syndrome"[Mesh]) AND ("Carpal tunnel syndrome/Management"[Mesh] OR "Carpal tunnel syndrome/Diagnosis"[Mesh] OR "Carpal tunnel syndrome/ Primary Health Care Center)). 5 studies were enrolled according to our inclusion, and exclusion criteria. Results: Patients successfully treated with wrist splinting alone reported a higher level of satisfaction with their treatment compared to patients who failed wrist splint treatment or had surgical decompressionMechanical traction is associated with fewer surgical interventions compared to care as usual in CTS patients. Reductions in patient-reported symptoms at 6 months’ follow-up was similar in both groups.Steroid injection combined with splinting resulted in modestly greater reduction of symptoms, functional recovery, and improvement of nerve function at 12-week follow-up compared to steroid injection alone. Conclusion: CTS is commonly encountered in primary care. So, a trial of conservative treatment can be done before referral for surgical decompression. Conservative treatment of CTS had shown a clear reduction in hand surgery waitlists, thus reduction in expenditures and costs. Wrist splinting is recommended as first line treatment for patients with symptoms of CTS. Other methods of non-surgical treatment include steroid injection, osteopathic manipulative therapy, mechanical wrist traction and combining wrist splinting with steroid injection or with NSAIDs use. Referral for surgical decompression may be a more appropriate option when the level of numbness and other symptoms are getting worse, or when conservative management has failed and is likely to lead to dissatisfaction.

Background: Noncompliance to treatment in chronic diseases such as hypertension is a very common phenomenon, owing to its chronic nature, lack of obvious symptoms, affordability, doctor-patient relationship, unawareness of complication, and forgetfulness. This noncompliance negatively affects disease course and increases risk of morbidity and mortality. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1999, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: drug compliance, hypertension medication compliance, antihypertensive drug compliance, factors affecting compliance, medication compliance. Aim: Our aim in carrying out this study was to understand the status of medication compliance among hypertensive patients, studying the factors that affect it, and exploring ways to improve compliance.Conclusion: We have noticed in the review that there is direct correlation between noncompliance and lack of proper doctor-patient relationship, patient education, and patients’ belief about disease and treatment. Improvement on such factor can benefit the patients in great amount regarding blood pressure control and in preventing morbidity and mortality. More studies to analyze the lack of compliance must take place in Saudi Arabia, and stricter guidelines of doctor-patient- relationship must be reinforced.

Introduction: Measurement of quality of life (QoL) can be an important tool for the comprehensive care of the patients. This study was designed to assess the QoL of patients with cancer attending outpatient clinics at the King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and examined its association with sociodemographic variables and also identified the worst type of cancer. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 178 participants who met the selection criteria: adult Saudi patients (≥18 years) who had been diagnosed with cancer, were documented in the health care system, and were cognitively able to answer the questionnaire. Those who underwent any surgical, hormonal, radiation, or chemotherapy within 2 weeks were excluded from the study. Patients are recruited by nonprobability convenience sampling between December 20, 2017, and January 1, 2018. Data were obtained using an Arabic version of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QoL Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 developed, translated, and validated by the EORTC. QLQ-C30 measures three domains: functional, symptoms, and global QoL. Results: The younger (≤29 years) the patients, the better their global QoL. Women had a trend to score worse in all domains but only statistically significant in dyspnea (P < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with high school education and higher exhibited better physical function (PF) than illiterate patients. Multivariate analysis revealed gastric cancer as the most distressing cancer in terms of global QoL (P < 0.01), whereas patients with hematologic and genitourinary cancers trended high scores but insignificant. Moreover, patients with Stage I–II disease had better scores for PF, role function, social function, and anorexia compared with Stage III–IV disease. Conclusion: The QoL of cancer patients is a useful barometer of their overall health. It can also indicate the impact of different types of cancer on QoL. Sociodemographic variables, such as age, gender, level of education, diagnosis, and stage, can affect the QoL of cancer patients.

Illness perception questionnaires for various medical conditions have become more useful in recent years. However, very few have addressed this issue for Type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to Type 2 diabetic patients attendees of primary health care centers and Al Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital in Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia, from November 24th 2016 to April 24th, 2017. Overall, 383 of the 500 distributed questionnaires were returned, and 187 were males (48.8). Most participants understood that what led to diabetes was hereditary, including diet or eating habits. The Cronbach’s alpha value for identity, timeline (cyclical), and emotional factors were relatively high, showing that these scales had a strong level of internal consistency; it also showed that the timeline (acute/chronic) and treatment control scales were low, thus showing internal consistency of these scales. Cronbach’s value of coherence and consequences scales were low. Saudis with type 2 diabetes mellitus had appropriate knowledge of their disease. They agreed that diabetes was likely to be permanent and would have major consequences on their lives.

BACKGROUND: Illness perception questionnaires for various medical conditions have become more useful in recent years. However, very few have used this to address the issue of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted among type 2 diabetic patients attending primary healthcare centers and Al Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital in Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia, during November 24, 2016, to April 24, 2017. SPSS used for analysis that included descriptive statistics, t-test, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, and 383 of them were returned; response rate about 77%. Majority of participants (80.4%) were educated, 69.5% were married, and 51% were females. About 57% were on OHA, and 57% had no other chronic disease. Most participants perceived that diabetes was hereditary (75%), and 62.4% thought it is due to diet or eating habits. About 80% participants believed that there is a lot they can do to control symptoms. About 73% participants believed they have the power to influence diabetes, whereas 78% think there is very little that can be done to improve diabetes and treatment can control diabetes. The Cronbach's alpha value for identity, timeline (cyclical), and emotional factors were relatively high, showing that these scales had a strong level of internal consistency. CONCLUSION: Saudis with type 2 diabetes mellitus had adequate knowledge of their disease. They agreed that diabetes was likely to be permanent and would have major consequences on their lives.