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This review article studies the complex field of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer biology, focusing on their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. NcRNAs include circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). We discuss how ncRNAs affect gene expression in cancerous cells, the spread of cancer, and metastasis. The article illustrates the complex pathways through which ncRNAs can affect oncogenesis, tumor suppression, and therapeutic resistance. It also assesses the potential clinical uses of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including their utility in cancer diagnosis, and prognosis. Besides, their potential for personalized cancer therapy is documented. Finally, it is concluded that understanding the role of ncRNA is of clinical importance regarding carcinogenesis, cancer diagnosis, and personalized therapy.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Traditional metrics like body mass index (BMI) have limitations in discerning fat distribution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in metabolic syndrome and its components in the south coast of Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 2694 adults aged 35 to 70 were included. Comprehensive anthropometric and biochemical data were collected and analyzed. There were eight anthropometric indices evaluated in this study, including a body shape index (ABSI), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body roundness index (BRI), abdominal volume index (AVI), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and waist-height ratio (WHtR). Results WHtR (AUC: 0.766 for males, 0.799 for females), BRI (AUC: 0.766 for males, 0.799 for females), and AVI (AUC: 0.769 for males, 0.793 for females) were the best predictors of MetS. ABSI had the weakest correlation with metabolic variables. Conclusions AVI, WHtR, BRI, and WHR were superior to other measures as anthropometric indexes for determining MetS and its components. The study contributes valuable insights into the utility of traditional and novel metrics in clinical practice, highlighting the need for standardized diagnostic approaches and further research in diverse populations.

The coexistence of a meningioma and an unruptured intracranial aneurysm was considered a rare phenomenon, accidentally detected by radiological assessment. The relationship between these 2 entities is complex and represents a neurosurgical challenge. We share our experience of a case involving a 36-year-old male patient with no prior medical history who consulted for chronic unilateral left periorbital headaches. The imaging diagnosis revealed 2 lesions, including a partially calcified jugo-olfactory meningioma and an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. He was successfully treated in a single surgical procedure using a left pterional craniotomy for excision of the meningioma followed by clipping of the aneurysm. The patient was discharged home on the fifth postoperative day in good clinical condition. This experience underlines the importance of preoperative imaging assessment, in order to make the right therapeutic decision and avoid unexpected intraoperative disasters.

In this paper, we aim to investigate the class of jointly hyponormal operators related to a positive operator $ A $ on a complex Hilbert space $ \mathcal{X} $, which is called jointly $ A $-hyponormal. This notion was first introduced by Guesba et al. in [Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 69(15), 2888–2907] for $ m $-tuples of operators that admit adjoint operators with respect to $ A $. Mainly, we prove that if $ \mathbf{B} = (B_1, \cdots, B_m) $ is a jointly $ A $-hyponormal $ m $-tuple of commuting operators, then $ \mathbf{B} $ is jointly $ A $-normaloid. This result allows us to establish, for a particular case when $ A $ is the identity operator, a sharp bound for the distance between two jointly hyponormal $ m $-tuples of operators, expressed in terms of the difference between their Taylor spectra. We also aim to introduce and investigate the class of spherically $ A $-$ p $-hyponormal operators with $ 0 < p < 1 $. Additionally, we study the tensor product of specific classes of multivariable operators in semi-Hilbert spaces.

Abstract Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a great havoc in agri-business-based countries like Bangladesh, for which existing detection system limits the identification and differentiation of serotypes. In this study, an engineered platform was introduced incorporating serotype-specific FMDV VP1 (structural), serotype-independent VP2 (structural) and 3AB (non-structural) proteins for holistic detection. VP1 sequences were engineered combining sequences of BAN/TA/Dh-301/2016 (serotype O), BAN/CH/Sa-304/2016 (serotype A) and BAN/DH/Sa-318/2016 (serotype Asia1). Consensus 3AB sequence was constructed from the selected prevalent viral genomes. Both VP1 and 3AB along with designed VP2 sequences were optimized for codon usage bias, stable mRNA, secondary and tertiary protein structure. Proteins were synthesized in pET-21a ( +) plasmid vector followed by transformation of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and IPTG-induced- expression. The western blot analysis of engineered proteins showed that purified VP1 prominently bound to anti-VP1 antibodies in vaccinated sera, whereas 3AB and VP2 bound anti-3AB and anti-VP2 antibodies, respectively from infected cattle sera, all previously collected during epidemiological investigation. Furthermore, dot blot hybridization confirmed efficient antibody capture ability of the membrane-immobilized proteins. This holistic diagnostic platform justifies a comprehensive prototype diagnostic kit that would be cost-effective and efficient for serotype specific and non-specific FMDV sero-surveillance.

Abstract Background/ Aim Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, causing progressive atrophy of muscles, hypertonia, and paralysis. This study aimed to evaluate the current evidence and effectiveness of ultrasound in investigating nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) of peripheral nerves, vagus and cervical roots in those with ALS compared with healthy controls and to pool the CSA measurements. Methods A systematic search was conducted on Cochrane, Clarivate Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase for the mesh terms nerve, ultrasonography, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A quality assessment was performed using the New-Ottawa scale. In addition, a double-arm meta-analysis using Review Manager 5 software version 5.4 was performed. Results From the seventeen studies included in this review, the overall mean difference showed that individuals with ALS had a significantly smaller CSA in comparison to healthy controls for median, ulnar, C6 root, and phrenic nerves. However, no significant difference in the CSA was found in radial, vagal, sural, and tibial nerves. Discussion This study confirmed results of some of the included studies regards the anatomic sites, where nerve atrophy in ALS could be detected to potentially support the diagnosis of ALS. However, we recommend further large, prospective studies to assess the diagnostic value of these anatomical sites for the diagnosis of ALS. Conclusions Our findings confirmed specific anatomic sites to differentiate ALS patients from healthy controls through ultrasound. However, these findings cannot be used to confirm the ALS diagnosis, but rather assist in differentiating it from other diagnoses. Trial registration Retrospectively registered on July 30th 2024 in PROSPERO (PROSPERO (york.ac.uk)) with ID574702. Graphical abstract

Abstract Several Pelargonium species are cultivated mainly to produce essential oils used in perfume industry and for ornamental purposes. Although the chemical composition and biological activities of their essential oils were extensively investigated, there is limited information about the chemical composition of their non-volatile constituents. In this study, we report an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based metabolomics approach for the annotation and analysis of various metabolites in three species; P. graveolens, P. denticulatum, and P. fragrans utilizing The Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) and multivariate data analyses for clustering of the metabolites. A total of 154 metabolites belonging to different classes were annotated. The three species are good sources of coumarins, benzoic acid derivatives, organic acids, fatty acids, and phospholipids. However, the highest level of flavonols (mono- and di-O-glycosides) and cinnamic acid derivatives was found in P. graveolens and P. denticulatum, whereas tannins and flavone C-glycosides were abundant in P. fragrans. The metabolic profiles clarified here provide comprehensive information on the non-volatile constituents of the three Pelargonium species and can be employed for their authentication and possible therapeutic applications.

Abstract Background This case report presents an exceptionally rare and atypical presentation of diphtheria in a 17-year-old female of Hausa ethnicity residing in an area with an elevated incidence within Kano State, Nigeria. By the end of 39th epidemiological week of 2023, only two cases of cutaneous diphtheria have been reported among 5,811 cases managed at MMSH diphtheria treatment center (DTC), representing approximately 0.035% of all diphtheria cases during that time period. Case presentation A 17-year-old Hausa female presented with a 3-day history of throat discomfort, malaise, and muffled speech. Physical examination revealed a pseudomembrane covering the tonsillar pillars, grade 3 tonsillar enlargement, and an unusual genital manifestation characterized by extensive vulval edema, severe pain, and a large, greyish patch extending into the vaginal introitus. Her medical history was significant for recent exposure to diphtheria and the emotional impact of her sibling's death from the same disease. Diagnostic tests, including throat swab culture and histocytology, confirmed diphtheria in the throat and vulvovaginal regions. The patient was promptly initiated on diphtheria antitoxin, Azithromycin, and innovative sitz baths with hydrogen peroxide. After 4 days of Sitz bath therapy, complete pseudomembrane clearance was observed, and the patient's symptoms resolved. Conclusion This case underscores the complexity of diphtheria presentations, particularly with rare pseudomembranes in both throat and vaginal regions. The successful management, combining traditional and innovative therapies, highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing unusual manifestations promptly. The potential role of auto-inoculation and the efficacy of interventions like hydrogen peroxide sitz baths warrant further investigation. Overall, this case contributes to the understanding of diverse diphtheria presentations, guiding future clinical strategies for management of diphtheria cases and emphasizing the imperative of comprehensive vaccination efforts.

Abstract Background Genetic testing for persons with a heightened likelihood of harboring a germline mutation permits early identification and appropriate management. This study aimed to identify the proportion of breast cancer (BC) patients who were offered genetic testing and the prevalence of BRCA mutations among them. Additionally, we assessed the demographic and clinical features of BC patients in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods Data from 2535 patients with BC were retrieved from the registry between 2017 and 2021. The data were analyzed and presented using univariate and bivariate statistics. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression analysis were computed to identify the predictors of BRCA testing. Results Patients with BC ranged in age from 18 to 103 years, and the mean age was 49.60 ± 12.14 years. BC was detected in men in 29 (1.1%) cases. Among diagnosed patients with BC, a total of 96 (3.7%) patients underwent testing for BRCA gene mutations. Of them, 36 (37.5%) patients had a BRCA gene mutation. The likelihood of undergoing BRCA testing was higher for those who were diagnosed with the condition before the age of 50, patients who were referred from private institutions, and patients with a history of previously diagnosed cancer. The likelihood of conducting BRCA testing was significantly lower among those with distant metastases. Conclusion The proportion of BRCA testing among BC patients was found to be relatively low. The development of a cost-effective, locally developed risk assessment tool that incorporates genetic counseling and testing for those with a familial predisposition to BC is imperative.

Abstract Background There is a lack of studies comparing the dimensional accuracy and color stability of denture base resins made using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milling, 3-dimensional (3D) printing, and conventional denture processing techniques. This makes it challenging to determine the best method to fabricate complete dentures. The objective of this in vitro investigation was to assess and contrast the color stability and dimensional accuracy of denture base resins that were 3D printed and CAD-CAM milled, both before and after aging by thermocycling using digital surface matching technology and a benchtop laser scanner without using a spray, to optimize adaptation of the denture base and cast to minimize any imperfections and to evaluate the impact of the denture cleansing solution on the stability of color. Methods Evaluation of the dimensional accuracy (n = 27) was completed on a sectional maxillary stone cast using a digital 3D-surface matching software before and after 5000 thermocycles. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color change (△E00) of all disc specimens (N = 54) before and after 500 thermocycles and immersion in denture cleansing solution for 30 cycles (3 min each) daily for 6 days. The Kruskal Wallis test, Dunn’s post hoc test, Tukey’s test with Bonferroni adjustment, one sample t test and independent t test were used to statistically analyze the data (α .05), while it had no significant difference on the CAD-CAM milled group at all locations (P .001). Conclusions CAD-CAM milled resins had the highest dimensional accuracy and the best color stability, conventional heat polymerized acrylic resins showed moderate change in dimensional accuracy and color stability, while the 3D- printed resin had the lowest dimensional accuracy and color stability after aging by thermocycling.

Abstract Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (ED) share common features, including the presence of obsessions and compulsions, and they often co-occur. Additionally, there is a significant comorbidity between ED and childhood traumatic experiences (CTE), as well as between CTE and OCD. Various biological and environmental factors have been proposed to explain the connection between ED, OCD, and CTE. This study explores the link between CTE and the comorbidity of ED and OCD, with the hypothesis that specific types of CTE may increase the risk of developing OCD in individuals with ED. Methods Participants (N = 562) were enrolled at an eating disorder unit in Montpellier, France, between March 2013 and January 2020. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were used to evaluate childhood maltreatment, assess clinical characteristics associated with ED, and categorize participants into two groups: patients with and without OCD. Results Bivariate analysis revealed that patients with comorbid ED and OCD had higher EDE-Q scores (p

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact globally, and understanding the relationship between inflammatory markers and disease progression is crucial for effective management. This retrospective study aimed to examine the association between various inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, ferritin, and procalcitonin (PCT), and the characteristics of disease progression and outcomes in individuals affected by COVID-19. Methods: This study collected raw data from 470 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. Results: The logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated LDH levels were associated with male gender, ICU admission, low oxygen saturation (O2 < 93%), the need for mechanical ventilation, death, and the presence of lung infiltrates. Higher D-dimer levels were associated with older age, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, and low oxygen saturation. Ferritin levels were significantly associated with older age, ICU admission, low oxygen saturation, mechanical ventilation, and lung infiltrates. In contrast, CRP was only significant regarding lung infiltrates and procalcitonin levels were not significantly associated with any of the examined factors. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of monitoring key inflammatory markers, such as LDH, D-dimer, and ferritin, as they are significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19 illness. These findings can inform clinical decision-making and guide the development of targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes.

Abstract Worldwide, particularly in developing nations, helminth infections are the leading causes of livestock illness and mortality. Parascaris (P.) equorum, a parasitic worm from the Ascarididae family, significantly impacts the production, health, and working performance of equines. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intraperitoneal sensitization of P. equorum on the immune system, oxidative stress, and histology in Wistar rats. After acclimatization for 7 days, we divided the rats into five groups, each consisting of six rats. Group I, serving as the control, was administered distilled water, followed by groups II (day 7), III (day 14), IV (day 21), and V (day 33). The rats were euthanized every day mentioned (Days 7–33). On day 0, a dosage of 1ml/100 gm rat (containing 500 μg/ml protein content) emulsified crude antigen extract with an incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (1:1 volume), followed by a second dose of the same antigen concentration on day 7. To assess the allergenicity of this nematode, we measured a whole blood profile, serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-33, total immunoglobulins IgE and IgG, and oxidative stress markers. Also, we examined histological changes in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The results showed that values of total leukocyte count, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes were significantly (P

Doping of carbon dots (CDs) with heteroatoms has garnered growing attention in recent years as a useful method of controlling their physicochemical properties. In this study, a new dual-mode sensor based on silver-doped CDs (AgCDs) derived from lignin was developed for fluorometric and spectrophotometric determination of valsartan (VAL). The analysis of AgCDs revealed a structure that closely resembled graphene oxide, with the successful doping of Ag. The mean particle size of AgCDs was 3.50 ± 0.89 nm and it exhibited a reasonable fluorescence quantum yield of 28.1 %. The emission at 612 nm of AgCDs is quenched by VAL after being excited at 275 nm due to a combination of dynamic and static quenching mechanisms. The enhancement in the absorbance of AgCDs upon the addition of the medication was measured at 275 nm. The most favorable circumstances for the dual-mode sensing were achieved with a pH of 8 and a volume of 0.10 mL of AgCDs. The measurements were conducted using fluorometry after 3 min at 10 °C, followed by spectrophotometry after 7 min at 20 °C. The fluorometric data indicated a linear response within the range of 2.0–50.0 μg/mL, while the spectrophotometric results showed a dynamic range of 5.0–100.0 μg/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.57 and 1.38 μg/mL for the fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 1.72 and 4.19 μg/mL for the fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. The nano sensor efficiently assessed the presence of VAL in pharmaceutical tablets and produced a favorable outcome with the mean of recovery of 98.91 % and 99.76 % with relative standard deviation (RSD%) of 0.79 and 0.78 for the fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods, respectively.

The objective of the present study was to study the effect of increasing Growth Hormone (GH) on arginase activity in sera of Iraqi acromegaly (ACRO) patients. Certain Vital biochemical parameters were measured such as Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Fasting Serum glucose (FSG), Urea, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C). Eighty people between the ages ranged between of 25 and 65 were involved in this study, 40 of them were ACRO Iraqi patients and the remaining 40 were healthy controls. All participants were matched in age and sex and the body mass index (BMI) were calculated for each group. Arginase activity was reduced in ACRO patients significantly (p0.05. Results of the present study have revealed that patients with ACRO have significantly lower levels of serum arginase activity and not significantly lower levels of serum urea, which means their bodies retain more nitrogen compounds for use in building processes.

BackgroundIVIg is a blood-derived antibody product initially designed as a replacement therapy in inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). However, over the last 50 years, IVIg has been used to treat a growing range of autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and secondary immunodeficiency disorders. The US FDA has licensed IVIg for use in the treatment of nine clinical indications; although, IVIg global usage extends to off-label indications with variable treatment responses. Data from Qatar on the use of IVIg is scarce; thus, hampering the formulation of local policies. This study aimed to examine the utilization patterns, clinical indications, and safety profile of IVIg usage in Qatar; a nation with a predominantly young population, and to investigate the response rates to short- and long-term IVIg treatment, as well as explore associations between age at first IVIg dose, clinical indication, and treatment response.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who received IVIg between March 2009, and March 2019, in Hamad General Hospital, Qatar. Demographics, immediate adverse effects of IVIg, and treatment response were collected. IVIg clinical indications were categorized into FDA- and/or EMA-approved, those supported by international guidelines; those approved as second-line therapy, and those with low or no supportive evidence.ResultsIVIg was used for 63 indications during the 10-years. The age of patients skewed towards a younger demographic (median (IQR) 24 (44-6) years); however, no significant differences in response to short- and long-term treatment between age groups were observed. Of the 841 patients, 62% received IVIg in concordance with international recommendations, while 14% bestowed the treatment for indications with low or no supportive evidence. Immediate IVIg adverse effects were documented in 4% of patients in all of the infusions received, with headaches being the most prevalent (1.8%). Variable treatment responses were observed, with the highest recovery reported in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (35%), followed by transverse myelitis (28%).ConclusionThis study provided crucial insights into IVIg utilization, safety, and treatment outcomes in Qatar’s young population. Despite variability in treatment responses and off-label use, adherence to international recommendations remained eminent. Further research is warranted to inform local guidelines and optimize IVIg therapy outcomes.

This paper introduces a block hybrid method designed for the effective resolution of Lane–Emden equations, which are characterized as second-order boundary value problems incorporating a singularity at the origin. Utilizing a strategic selection of grid points through the rational approximation of optimal points, this method aims at minimizing local truncation errors, thereby enhancing the precision of solutions. Extensive numerical experimentation reveals that this approach, hereinafter referred to as the Rational Optimal Block Hybrid Method (ROBHM), offers improved accuracy and convergence rates over traditional methods. The analysis underscores the critical role of the rational approximation parameter (denoted as d) in optimizing both accuracy and computational efficiency. By maintaining a balance between computational demands and the quality of solutions, the Rational Optimal Block Hybrid Method opens new avenues for tackling complex differential equations, thus contributing to the advancement of numerical analysis of boundary value problems marked by singularities.

Background Access to medicine is crucial for the effective functioning of healthcare systems. A robust regulatory framework is necessary to ensure the safety, effectiveness, and availability. However, weak regulatory frameworks persist in many low- and middle-income countries, leasing to the circulation of falsified and substandard medicines as well as anti-competitive restrictions on registering poor-quality medicines, which poses a significant public health threat. This study evaluated the evolution of Zanzibar’s medicine regulatory system over the past two decades and identified the key factors contributing to its success by elaborating on the Zanzibar Food and Drug Agency, seeking the expertise of regional, continental, and global experts to assess its regulatory capacity and maturity level.Methods This study was conducted at the Zanzibar Food and Drug Agency (ZFDA) in Unguja, Zanzibar, using a retrospective cross-sectional review and qualitative approach. It thoroughly reviewed relevant regulatory documents, including Acts, policies, guidelines, and assessment reports. Data were collected using a standardised checklist and analysed to uncover patterns and insights regarding the evolution of Zanzibar’s medicine regulatory system.Results This study revealed substantial legal provisions, organisational development, strategic planning, and resource allocation improvements. Notable achievements include establishing a structured organisational framework, developing a comprehensive strategic plan, and implementing a Quality Management System (ISO 9001:2015 certified). The ZFDA also addressed human resource limitations by creating job descriptions and a staff scheme of service, enhancing financial resources through revised fee regulations and government support, and improving infrastructure with new office and laboratory facilities.Conclusion Zanzibar’s medicine regulations have evolved significantly, with marked regulatory capacity and infrastructure improvements. Future efforts should address the remaining challenges and foster collaboration with regional and international bodies to ensure the continued evolution and effectiveness of Zanzibar’s medicine regulatory framework.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the environmental repercussions of a booming economy, fossil fuel, renewable energy, globalisation, technological innovation, and forest cover in Poland from 1990 to 2018. This study used greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and load capacity factor as proxies of ecological damage to provide a comprehensive assessment of the surrounding ecosystem in Poland to help implement future policies to reduce emissions and achieve environmental sustainability. Besides, Poland is the only European Union (EU) country lacking a climate neutrality objective and policy instruments to mitigate ecological concerns. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds model and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) procedure evaluated yearly data from 1990 to 2018. The empirical outcomes of the DOLS point out that economic growth and fossil fuel energy use enhance GHG emissions despite reducing the load capacity factor in Poland. Instead, renewable power, globalisation, technological innovation, and forest cover might help to reduce GHG emissions and enhance the load capacity factor in Poland. The concluding thoughts from this study suggest the implementation of policies that support raising additional funding for eco-friendly technology studies while promoting renewable energy use and enhancing forest carbon sinks.

ObjectivesParental knowledge and satisfaction are critical for evaluating the newborn hearing screening (NHS) program. No studies have assessed both parental knowledge and satisfaction with the NHS program since its launch in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to evaluate parents' knowledge and satisfaction with the NHS program in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis study included parents of children aged 3 years or younger who had undergone NHS. A questionnaire with 23 questions in Arabic assessed knowledge and satisfaction. Knowledge-related questions were developed by a focus group, while satisfaction-related questions were derived from the Parent Satisfaction Questionnaire with a Neonatal Hearing Screening Program.ResultsA total of 796 parents participated. Overall, 92.8% reported that their newborns passed the screening, 1.6% reported that their newborns failed, and 5% were unaware of the NHS results. About 0.6% did not return for follow-up appointments due to unawareness of the need for follow-up. Only 29.6% received information about the NHS before the screening, and 44.7% reported receiving sufficient information about the results. Most parents (80.2%) were generally satisfied with the NHS program.ConclusionsParents in this study were generally knowledgeable and satisfied with the NHS program. However, efforts are needed to improve the NHS program's effectiveness by increasing awareness and providing sufficient information on the necessity of NHS, test results, and follow-up appointments.

Since its introduction a decade ago, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been recognized as a highly accurate and safe screening option for expecting mothers, with its efficacy hinging on awareness, perceptions, and understanding of the test. We surveyed pregnant women in Saudi Arabia between December 2023 and February 2024 to assess the knowledge and acceptability of NIPT among them. A total of 212 pregnant women from various risk levels, socioeconomic statuses, and trimesters participated in the study, which was carried out at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) via online forms. This study investigated factors affecting attitudes towards NIPT, including financial burden. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to assess correlations. The survey revealed a significant lack of awareness about NIPT, with 64.6 % of participants unfamiliar with the test and 93.3 % answering knowledge-related questions incorrectly. Although 74.1 % were willing to undergo NIPT if it were free, only 30 % were willing to pay 1500 SAR (400 USD). These findings underscore the need for targeted knowledge translation efforts to enhance awareness and understanding of NIPT among pregnant women, highlighting the importance of addressing financial barriers and increasing educational outreach. Further research and interventions are needed to promote the uptake of NIPT and enhance the quality of antenatal care programs in Saudi Arabia.

Partial oxidation of methane (POM) is a promising route for hydrogen production, and achieving a high H2 yield with an H2/CO ratio >3 is highly appealing. Optimization of Ni/Co ratios over Ce-Sc-ZrO2 (CSZ) is investigated for POM reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction/oxidation/desorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The active site derived from the reduction of “strongly interacted NiO” is responsible for the dissociation of C–H (of CH4), resulting high activity towards POM. 5Ni/CSZ has the highest amount of such active sites and attains the highest activity. 5Co/CSZ catalyst has cobalt-based active sites, and there is an inert carbon deposit during the reaction, causing the least activity. 3.75 wt% Ni and 1.25 wt% Co combination over CSZ support surges the highest density of basicity, oxide vacancy, and adequate amount of active sites derived from “strongly interacted NiO”. The active sites with enhanced metal-support interaction are further grown under exposure to oxidizing gas (O2) and reducing gas (H2) during the POM reaction. The highest density of basicity and oxide vacancy involves more CO2 and H2O in the sequential oxidation of CH4 under indirect pathways. The exclusive involvement of indirect pathways of POM and inhibition of hydrogen consuming reaction (like reverse water gas shift reaction) over 3.75Ni1.25Co/CSZ results into 48 % H2 yield and 3.26 H2/CO ratio up to 24 h time on stream at 600 °C. The H2 yield doubles to ∼97 %, and the H2/CO ratio comes close to 2 over 3.75Ni1.25Co/CSZ catalyst at 900 °C.

Seaweeds are valuable sources of bioactive compounds in biomedicine, cosmetics, food, and pharmacology. The purpose of this investigation was to study the antimicrobial properties of organic solvent extracts from two red seaweed species (Melanothamnus somalensis & Gelidium omanense), and two brown seaweed species (Jolyna furcata & Nizamuddinia zanardinii) compiled from the southern coastline of Oman against several bacterial strains of global health concern (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). Five organic solvents were used sequentially to achieve extraction. The solvents were applied in the following order: hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. Only the methanol extract of Nizamuddinia zanardinii (MeNZ) showed interesting antimicrobial activity; the inhibition zone was 13 ± 1 mm. Furthermore, MeNZ was fractionated, and fraction 1 (MeNZ-F1) was recognized to have antimicrobial activity; the inhibition zone was 14.66 ± 0.57 mm. The stock concentration exhibited higher antimicrobial activity compared to the diluted concentrations after 3 h of incubation. The TEM and SEM results indicated that E. coli treated with the active fraction exhibited irregular shape, rough surface, and leakage of cellular content. Additionally, ribosomes were clustered and directed toward the inner membrane of the bacteria, while the DNA clustered in the center of the cell. In conclusion, the methanol extract of Nizamuddinia zanardinii has shown high efficacy against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Therefore, it can be a valuable candidate for improving/developing antimicrobial drugs in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

En este artículo, expongo una reflexión teórico-metodológica derivada de mi investigación sobre las políticas y procesos de securitización de personas musulmanas en España, en la era post-11S. Argumento la urgencia de descolonizar la investigación sobre el islam y las comunidades musulmanas por dos razones principales: la prevalencia del paradigma securitario en su estudio e intervención, y la legitimación de políticas de criminalización, estigmatización y precarización a través de la colaboración académico-institucional y la influencia de agentes de seguridad. Desde una perspectiva feminista decolonial, destaco la importancia de tener como guía el horizonte descolonizador, la necesidad de adaptar las metodologías a la posicionalidad del investigador y en relación con las comunidades musulmanas, y el imperativo de dirigir la atención hacia las prácticas institucionales de dominación.

Ticks play the main role, in veterinary terms, in transmitting important pathogens. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a widespread tick known for its ability to thrive in indoor environments and could be the main reservoir host for many TBDs. In this study, the acaricidal and larvicidal potential of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil was evaluated against R. sanguineus. The aerial part of this plant was extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield obtained from this oil was 0.38%, its major chemical compounds were found to be Camphor (43.52%), Eucalyptol (13.66%), and Camphene (13.2%). The adult immersion test (AIT) using four concentrations (1µl/ml,2µl/ml,10µl/ml, 30µl/ml) revealed that this oil presented oviposition reduction percentages of 5.75%, 20.68%, 33.27%, and 46.84%, hatching reductions percentages of 5%, 15%, 35%, and 60%, and efficacy extract percentages of 10.46%, 32.58%, 56.63%, and 78.74% Further, the larval immersion test (LIT) using five concentrations (0.5µl/ml,1µl/ml, 2µl/ml, 3µl/ml, and 5µl/ml) revealed considerable larvicidal activities with LC50 and LC90 values of 2.286 µl/ml and 5.380 µl/ml, respectively. These results are encouraging and open interesting and promising horizons for its application as a bio-acaricide.

Background: Post-COVID conditions (PCC), characterized by persistent symptoms following acute infection, represent an emerging chronic illness that potentially affects millions of people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infection has resulted in a PCC incidence ranging from 10 to 30 % in non-hospitalized individuals to 50–70 % in hospitalized patients. Most PCC patients experience mild symptoms, while a minority report severe manifestations. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PCC among COVID-19 patients who attended three public hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt between June 2022 and February 2023, and to investigate its risk factors. Methods: All COVID-19-confirmed patients aged >18 years attended the selected hospitals, and their household contacts were contacted. Data were collected through telephone interviews using a questionnaire adapted from World Health Organization (WHO) and Penn Medicine tools, covering demographics, COVID-19 history, and PCC symptoms. PCC was defined as symptoms starting three months after the post-acute infection and lasting for at least two months beyond. Statistical analyses employed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and a logistic regression model, with a significance level of p

This study investigates the effectiveness of "ALICE" Flash Cards as a learning medium to assist 5th-grade students in writing short stories. Recognizing the importance of writing in fostering creativity and critical thinking, the research addresses the challenges faced by students at SDN Sidorejo Lor 03 Salatiga, such as difficulties in developing themes, plots, and organizing sentences. The study employs a Research and Development (RnD) approach, integrating Sugiyono's methodology with the ADDIE model, encompassing analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. Initial needs analysis through teacher and student questionnaires identified a lack of engaging media for writing instruction. Consequently, "ALICE" Flash Cards were designed, incorporating theme, plot, and setting cards to guide story development. Expert validation rated the media as highly suitable, leading to revisions that included simplifying instructions and adding story examples. Field testing involved pre-tests, media treatments, and post-tests. Small group trials indicated high practicality with an 80/100 score, while the effectiveness was rated 78/100 based on students' writing performance. Evaluations from students and teachers confirmed the media's effectiveness, with scores of 75/100 and 84/100, respectively. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed a significant improvement in students' writing abilities, with a p-value < 0.05, confirming the media's positive impact. In conclusion, "ALICE" Flash Cards proved to be a highly effective educational tool, significantly enhancing 5th-grade students' ability to write short stories. This research recommends their use as a practical and engaging aid in elementary writing instruction.

Abstract Background Existential anxiety (EA) is an expression of loneliness. Although depression, anxiety, and stress have been extensively studied worldwide, research on EA in the sociocultural context of the Arab–Muslim society is scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of EA among undergraduate students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, by examining the association between EA and depression, anxiety, and stress. Results This cross-sectional study of 811 undergraduate students at three large Saudi universities was conducted between June and July 2018. Data collection involved demographic information, EA testing (using a validated questionnaire modified for the Saudi Arabian context), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale to test for depression, anxiety, and stress. The average age of the participants was 21 years, and 77.2% were female. The prevalence of EA was 71.1% in all students and was significantly correlated with depression (rp = 0.73, p

Abstract Oxygen homeostasis is maintained in plants and animals by O2-sensing enzymes initiating adaptive responses to low O2 (hypoxia). Recently, the O2-sensitive enzyme ADO was shown to initiate degradation of target proteins RGS4/5 and IL32 via the Cysteine/Arginine N-degron pathway. ADO functions by catalysing oxidation of N-terminal cysteine residues, but despite multiple proteins in the human proteome having an N-terminal cysteine, other endogenous ADO substrates have not yet been identified. This could be because alternative modifications of N-terminal cysteine residues, including acetylation, prevent ADO-catalysed oxidation. Here we investigate the relationship between ADO-catalysed oxidation and NatA-catalysed acetylation of a broad range of protein sequences with N-terminal cysteines. We present evidence that human NatA catalyses N-terminal cysteine acetylation in vitro and in vivo. We then show that sequences downstream of the N-terminal cysteine dictate whether this residue is oxidised or acetylated, with ADO preferring basic and aromatic amino acids and NatA preferring acidic or polar residues. In vitro, the two modifications appear to be mutually exclusive, suggesting that distinct pools of N-terminal cysteine proteins may be acetylated or oxidised. These results reveal the sequence determinants that contribute to N-terminal cysteine protein modifications, with implications for O2-dependent protein stability and the hypoxic response.

Abstract Naringenin (NAR) has various biological activities but low bioavailability. The current study examines the effect of Naringenin-loaded hybridized nanoparticles (NAR-HNPs) and NAR on depression induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. NAR-HNPs formula with the highest in vitro NAR released profile, lowest polydispersity index value (0.21 ± 0.02), highest entrapment efficiency (98.7 ± 2.01%), as well as an acceptable particle size and zeta potential of 415.2 ± 9.54 nm and 52.8 ± 1.04 mV, respectively, was considered the optimum formulation. It was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, examined using a transmission electron microscope, and a stability study was conducted at different temperatures to monitor its stability efficiency showing that NAR-HNP formulation maintains stability at 4 °C. The selected formulation was subjected to an acute toxicological test, a pharmacokinetic analysis, and a Diabetes mellitus (DM) experimental model. STZ (50 mg/kg) given as a single i.p. rendered rats diabetic. Diabetic rat groups were allocated into 4 groups: one group received no treatment, while the remaining three received oral doses of unloaded HNPs, NAR (50 mg/kg), NAR-HNPs (50 mg/kg) and NAR (50 mg/kg) + peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist, GW9662 (1mg/kg, i.p.) for three weeks. Additional four non-diabetic rat groups received: distilled water (normal), free NAR, and NAR-HNPs, respectively for three weeks. NAR and NAR-HNPs reduced immobility time in forced swimming test and serum blood glucose while increasing serum insulin level. They also reduced cortical and hippocampal 5-hydroxyindoeacetic acid, 3,4-Dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid, malondialdehyde, NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) and interleukin-1beta content while raised serotonin, nor-epinephrine, dopamine and glutathione level. PPAR-γ gene expression was elevated too. So, NAR and NAR-HNPs reduced DM-induced depression by influencing brain neurotransmitters and exhibiting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through the activation PPAR-γ/ NLRP3 pathway. NAR-HNPs showed the best pharmacokinetic and therapeutic results.

The paper examines solution for a two-dimensional steady, viscous, heat dissipation, incompressible hydro-magnetic free convective flow past a uniformly moving vertical porous plate immersed in a porous material in the presence of the Soret effect, Dofour effect and Chemical reaction. A constant magnetic field is directed into the fluid area perpendicular to the plate. The MATLAB built-in bvp4c solver approach is used to solve the governing non-dimensional equations. The discussion of the current issue focuses mostly on the impacts of thermal diffusion, magnetic field, thermal radiation, Grashof number, Soret number, Dufour number, and chemical reaction. It is observed that the Soret number improves fluid temperature. In addition, the fluid's temperature, concentration, and velocity all drop as the magnetic field parameter rises. Although the heat dissipation caused by the medium's porosity is usually disregarded in convective MHD flow simulations, it is considered in this work.

Introduction: Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) was developed by Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation (SATO) in Japan in 1966. BFRT is a method that mimics the effects of high-intensity training by combining low-intensity exercise with blood flow obstruction. It involves limb compression using compression cuffs to limit venous outflow and minimise arterial inflow during rehabilitation training. By allowing individuals to lift smaller loads and increase strength training gains, BFRT can reduce the overall stress exerted on the limb. Aim: To assess the difference in muscle girth and blood pressure after a single bout of BFRT. Materials and Methods: This was a single-blinded, single-site pretest, post-test quasi-experimental study. A total of 30 subjects were enrolled (16 females and 14 males) between the ages of 18 to 25 years. This study was conducted at the Department of Physiotherapy, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Outcome measures included muscle girth measured using a flexible tape and blood pressure using an automatic oscillometric device (Omron Hem 7113, São Paulo, Brazil). Paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: It was found that an acute bout of BFRT caused improvement in all outcome measures. There was a statistically significant increase in muscle girth and blood pressure after BFRT (p-value

Air is an important part of life. The Quality of air can be seen from three parameters, namely chemical, physical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters of air quality can be seen from the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria. The presence of airborne microorganisms, especially in enclosed spaces can affect human health, one of which can cause respiratory infections. On the other hand, people often use air freshener products. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the potential of air freshener based on siwalan (Borasus flabellifer) coir extract and lemongrass as antibacterial against airborne bacteria. This research is an experimental research with a pre test-post test design. The data obtained is in the form of the value of the Total Plate Count of indoor air bacteria before and after treatment using air freshener based on coir extract of siwalan and lemongrass. The results showed that both formulations (P1 and P2) of air freshener based on coir extract and lemongrass were able to reduce the number of airborne bacterial colonies in the room, with a significance value of 0.000

Abstract Background High speed electric handpieces have recently been growing in popularity among dental professionals. Advantages include smoother surface preparation and increased cutting efficiency. Aim The primary objective was to compare enamel surface roughness following resin cleanup after bracket debonding using highspeed air turbine versus electric handpiece. The secondary objective was to record the time needed for resin-clean up. Method Forty deidentified freshly extracted human premolars were cleaned and sectioned at the cement-enamel junction. The crowns were embedded in acrylic blocks. Enamel surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rp and Rv) were measured using a stylus profilometer. Brackets were bonded using a light-cure orthodontic adhesive and stored in distilled water for 24 h. Following bracket debonding, the specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups: First group: resin clean-up was carried out using a 12-fluted carbide bur mounted on a high-speed air turbine; and second group: where an electric handpiece was used. Surface roughness parameters were measured following resin clean up and after polishing using pumice and a rubber cup. Time needed for resin clean-up was recorded. Differences in enamel surface roughness and time between groups were compared using repeated measures ANOVA and independent samples t-test, respectively at P ≤ 0.05. Results The electric handpiece groups showed significantly higher values for Ra, Rz and Rp both following resin cleanup and polishing. Time taken for resin cleanup was significantly longer for the electric handpiece group. Conclusion Considering both surface roughness and time, electric handpiece do not seem to add greater effectiveness or efficiency to resin cleanup following orthodontic bracket debonding.

Abstract Introduction Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) stand out as the most frequent causes leading to visits to the emergency department and hospitalizations. This study aims to assess the types and prevalence of respiratory infections across two years following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Patients presenting with an influenza-like illness (ILI) were tested using multiplex RT-PCR (QIAstat-Dx, Qiagen). The multiplexed RT- PCR test detects 21 respiratory viruses and bacteria. Results During the study period, PCR test was done on a total of 1,790 samples were tested, and 712 (40%) were positive for a total of 796 pathogens. The mean age (± SD) of the participants was 20.1 ± 28.4 years in 2022 and 21.9 ± 27.6 years in 2023. Among the detected pathogens, the most prevalent were Rhinovirus/Enterovirus 222 (12.4%), followed by RSV A&B (103 cases, 5.7%), and H1N1 Influenza (77 cases, 4.3%). Additionally, Influenza A/B constituted 172 (9.6%) while parainfluenza constituted (58, 3.2%). SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 3.97% of the samples. Over the two-year period, the monthly pattern of the identified pathogens exhibited fluctuations in the prevalence. Furthermore, variations were observed in the detected pathogens across different age groups. Conclusion In addition to adding significant knowledge to the field of respiratory viral infections, this study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research and surveillance for the detection and characterization of respiratory viruses, particularly those with the potential for emergence. Such studies would also require setting up a strategy for genotyping and/or sequencing of viruses.

Abstract A regulated stress response is essential for healthy child growth and development trajectories. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in rural Bangladesh (funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01590095) to assess the effects of an integrated nutritional, water, sanitation, and handwashing intervention on child health. We previously reported on the primary outcomes of the trial, linear growth and caregiver-reported diarrhea. Here, we assessed additional prespecified outcomes: physiological stress response, oxidative stress, and DNA methylation (N = 759, ages 1–2 years). Eight neighboring pregnant women were grouped into a study cluster. Eight geographically adjacent clusters were block-randomized into the control or the combined nutrition, water, sanitation, and handwashing (N + WSH) intervention group (receiving nutritional counseling and lipid-based nutrient supplements, chlorinated drinking water, upgraded sanitation, and handwashing with soap). Participants and data collectors were not masked, but analyses were masked. There were 358 children (68 clusters) in the control group and 401 children (63 clusters) in the intervention group. We measured four F2-isoprostanes isomers (iPF(2α)-III; 2,3-dinor-iPF(2α)-III; iPF(2α)-VI; 8,12-iso-iPF(2α)-VI), salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol, and methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) exon 1F promoter including the NGFI-A binding site. Compared with control, the N + WSH group had lower concentrations of F2-isoprostanes isomers (differences ranging from −0.16 to −0.19 log ng/mg of creatinine, P

Abstract Background The establishment of good facial esthetics is one of the main objectives of complete denture construction. Unfortunately, it may be the caused issue for patients having a prominent premaxilla due to excessive lip support by the labial flange of the maxillary denture. Open-face dentures (OFD) may suggest suitable prosthetic management for these patients. However, clinical evidence regarding the efficiency of OFD is scarce. Methods A total of 38 completely edentulous participants having prominent premaxilla and skeletal class I Angle’s classification were enrolled in this study. Each participant received a mandibular complete denture and 2 opposing maxillary dentures; conventional (CD) and open-face (OFD). On the day of denture insertion, the participants were divided into 2 groups; CD-OFD and OFD-CD where CD-OFD group was instructed to use the mandibular denture and the maxillary CD for 3 months and then to use the maxillary OFD for another 3 months after a wash-out period of 2 weeks. While group OFD-CD was instructed to use the mandibular denture and the maxillary OFD for 3 months then to use the maxillary CD for another 3 months after a wash-out period of 2 weeks. The dislodging force of the maxillary dentures was evaluated using the universal testing machine and the patient perception of retention, esthetics, and comfort was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Evaluation was carried out 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after denture insertion. The Student t-test was used to compare the 2 maxillary dentures and the intervals for each denture were compared by using the ANOVA test with repeated measures followed by a Post Hoc test (adjusted Bonferroni) for pairwise comparison. Results The significance of the obtained results was judged at the 5% level (P value). The dislodging force and patient perception of retention did not show significant differences between the 2 dentures, while the perception of esthetics showed significant differences throughout the follow-up period. Perception of comfort showed an insignificant difference only at the 3-month interval. Conclusions Open-face maxillary dentures can be a suitable alternative for patients with prominent premaxilla to achieve satisfactory retention, aesthetics, and comfort.

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health burden worldwide with increasing morbidity and mortality. The study evaluates the risk factors associated with mortality in SCD patients, between the years 2006 and 2020 at three hospitals in Oman. The analysis includes clinical manifestations, haematological, biochemical, and radiological parameters, use of antibiotics, and blood and exchange transfusions. Our cohort included 123 patients (82 males, 41 females), with a median age of 27 (Interquartile Range 21–35 years). SCD related complications included acute chest syndrome (ACS) in 52.8%, splenic sequestration in 21.1%, right upper quadrant syndrome in 19.5%, more than > 6 VOC/year in 17.9%, and stroke in 13.8%. At the terminal admission, patients had cough, reduced O2 saturation, crepitation and fever in 24.4%, 49.6%, 53.6% and 68.3% respectively. Abnormal chest X-ray and chest CT scan were seen in 57.7%, and 76.4% respectively. Laboratory parameters showed a significant drop in hemoglobin (Hb) and platelet counts from baseline, with a significant rise in WBC, LDH and CRP from baseline (p

Di era pesatnya teknologi dan informasi ternyata minat baca pada kalangan masyarakat masih rendah, tak terkecuali pada mahasiswa. Sedangkan membaca merupakan hal yang dasar dalam proses pembelajaran. Dimana jika terjadinya pembelajaran yang baik, maka efikasi diri yang dimiliki akan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah adanya hubungan antara minat baca dengan efikasi diri mahasiswa di Perguruan Tinggi Bandung Raya. Metode penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan datanya yaitu survei dan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi Universitas Padjadjaran, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, dan Telkom University. Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan Quota Sampling sebesar 376 sampel. Uji data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji Pearson Product Moment. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara minat baca dengan efikasi diri mahasiswa. Maka semakin tinggi minat baca semakin tinggi pula efikasi diri mahasiswa.

Objective:. To evaluate characteristics of matched and unmatched general surgery residency (GSR) applicants. Background:. Given the recent change of the United States Medical Licensing Exam Step 1 grading to pass/fail, understanding the factors that influence GSR match success is integral to identifying potential interventions to improve match rates for diverse medical students. Methods:. Retrospective review of GSR National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) applicant and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) active resident data between 2011 and 2022. Data included application characteristics for United States (“US”) and “independent” applicants, factors cited by program directors in the interview and ranking process, paths pursued if applicants went unmatched, and racial/ethnic representation. Results:. A total of 9149 US and 3985 independent applicants applied to GSR between 2011 and 2021. Matched versus unmatched applicants had higher step 1 scores (US: 236 vs 218, P = 0.005; independent: 237 vs 228, P = 0.001), higher step 2 scores (US: 248 vs 232, P = 0.006; independent: 245 vs 234, P < 0.001), more likely to belong to alpha omega alpha (US: 17.1% vs 1.6%, P = 0.002) or to attend a top 40 National Institutes of Health-funded school (US: 31.0% vs 19.4%, P = 0.002) compared to unmatched applicants. Program directors heavily factored step 1 and step 2 scores, letters of recommendation, interactions with faculty and trainees, and interpersonal skills when interviewing and ranking applicants. The proportion of active general surgery residents versus applicants was lower for Asians (12.3% vs 20.9%, P < 0.001), Black/African American (5.0% vs 8.8%, P < 0.001), Hispanic/Latino (5.0% vs 9.4%, P = 0.001), and underrepresented in medicine students (10.3% vs 19.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusions:. In the pass/fail step 1 era, factors including step 2 score and other subjective metrics may be more heavily weighted in the GSR match process.

Introduction The four variable kidney failure (KF) risk equation (KFRE) is recommended to estimate KF risk (ie, need for dialysis or kidney transplantation). Earlier referral to clinical kidney services for people with high-risk of kidney failure can ensure appropriate care, education and support are in place pre-emptively. There are limited data on investigating the performance of KFRE in estimating risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The primary ESKD endpoint event was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

Objectives We aim to evaluate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) patterns of progression in a multiethnic cohort of people with type I diabetes mellitus and with baseline eGFR ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2.Design Observational cohort.Setting People with a clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, attending two university hospital-based outpatient diabetes clinics, in South London between 2004 and 2018.Participants We studied 1495 participants (52% females, 81% white, 12% African-Caribbean and 7% others).Primary and secondary outcome measures Clinical measures including weight and height, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and laboratory results (such as serum creatinine, urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), HbA1c were collected from electronic health records (EHRs) and eGFR was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease–Epidemiology Collaboration. Ethnicity was self-reported.Results Five predominantly linear patterns/groups of eGFR trajectories were identified. Group I (8.5%) had a fast eGFR decline (>3 mL/min/1.73 m2 year). Group II (23%) stable eGFR, group III (29.8%), groups IV (26.3%) and V (12.4%) have preserved eGFR with no significant fall. Group I had the highest proportion (27.6%) of African-Caribbeans. Significant differences between group I and the other groups were observed in age, gender, HbA1C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol and urine ACR, p

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a rapidly spreading contagious disease across the globe. Recent studies showed that people with diabetes mellitus, severe obesity, and cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. It has been suggested that the increased risk is due to the chronic inflammatory state associated with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pioglitazone, a strong insulin sensitizer with anti-inflammatory properties, in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with moderate–severe COVID-19.MethodWe enrolled 350 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to hospitals in Qatar and Kuwait with COVID-19. Patients were randomized to receive, in a double-blind fashion, pioglitazone (n = 189) or a matching placebo (n = 161) for 28 days. The study had two primary outcomes: (1) the incidence of a composite outcome composed of (a) the requirement for mechanical ventilation, (b) death, and (c) myocardial damage; and (2) an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.ResultsThe first primary outcome occurred in 28 participants (8%), and the secondary outcome occurred in 17. Treatment with pioglitazone showed a significant reduction in interleukin (IL)-3 levels compared with placebo treatment (mean (SD) 2.73 (± 2.14) [95% CI: 0.02, 1.1], p = 0.043 vs. 2.28 (± 1.67) [95% CI: − 0.23, 0.86], p = 0.3, respectively), with no effect seen in the levels of other inflammatory markers. Even though not significant, a few of the patients on pioglitazone exhibited serum troponin levels > 3 times higher than the normal range seen in patients on placebo. On the other hand, more patients on pioglitazone were admitted to the ICU than those with placebo, and no significant difference in the CRP reduction was observed between the two groups.ConclusionThe results of the present study demonstrate that pioglitazone treatment did not independently provide any additional clinical benefit to patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with a COVID-19 infection.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04604223.

This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of two formulations derived from Crocus sativus, namely the C. sativus phenolic enriched fraction (CPEF) and the nanofibers loaded with C. sativus phenolic compounds (CPN), in mice with liver toxicity induced by cisplatin (CP). The CPN formulation exhibited a ribbon-like morphology with a diameter of 312.2 nm, zeta potential of −24.5 mV and an encapsulation efficiency of 89.6 %. In vivo analysis revealed that treatment with CPEF and CPN significantly improved the weight and food intake of mice with hepatotoxicity (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, administration of these formulations resulted in significant reductions (p ≤ 0.05) in liver enzymes and enhancement in the serum redox potential (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Additionally, CPN down-regulated the expression of iNOS and IFN-γ in the liver, while up-regulated the expression of SOD. These findings suggest that the nanofiber-based delivery of Crocus sativus phenolic compounds may offer a promising strategy for mitigating the adverse hepatotoxic effects of cisplatin as an chemotherapeutic agent.

The contamination of soil and water with high levels of heavy metals (HMs) has emerged as a significant obstacle to agricultural productivity and overall crop quality. Certain HMs, although serving as essential micronutrients, are required in smaller quantities for plant growth. However, when present in higher concentrations, they become very toxic. Several studies have shown that to balance out the harmful effects of HMs, complex systems are needed at the molecular, physiological, biochemical, cellular, tissue, and whole plant levels. This could lead to more crops being grown. Our review focused on HMs’ resources, occurrences, and agricultural implications. This review will also look at how plants react to HMs and how they affect seed performance as well as the benefits that HMs provide for plants. Furthermore, the review examines HMs’ transport genes in plants and their molecular, biochemical, and metabolic responses to HMs. We have also examined the obstacles and potential for HMs in plants and their management strategies.

The structural and multiferroic properties of xNi0.24Zn0.58Cu0.18Fe2O4(NZCFO)-(1-x)Bi0.9Nd0.1Fe0.95 Sc0.05O3(BNFSO) are explored in this paper. Bi2O3 additives significantly lower the sintering temperature of the composites. The XRD analysis validates the coexistence of hexagonal perovskite BNFSO and spinel NZCFO phases. The FESEM images illustrate an almost homogeneous amalgamation of the BNFSO and NZCFO grains. The real part of initial permeability and the relative quality factor increases with NZCFO contents in the composites. The maximum permeability is observed for the composite with 80 % ferrite content. The ferroelectric BNFSO exhibits antiferromagnetic behavior and with the increase in NZCFO the saturation magnetization increases significantly. The dielectric constant confirms typical dielectric dispersion at low frequencies because of Maxwell–Wagner space charge polarization. The P-E hysteresis measurement reveals that the composite with 40 % ferrite content exhibits the highest loop area and hence a large energy storage capacity. Incorporating BNFSO and NZCFO into the composite boosts the multiferroic properties, which might be a suitable alternative to single-phase multiferroics.

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes skeletal muscle wasting, resulting in reduced function and inability to live independently. This systematic review critically appraised the scientific literature regarding the effects of full‐body resistance training on clinically‐relevant functional capacity measures in CKD. The study population included studies of people with Stage 4 or 5 CKD and a mean age of 40+ years old. Eight databases were searched for eligible studies: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and AGELINE. MeSH terms and keyword combinations were used for screening following the PRISMA conduct. Inclusion criteria were based on PICO principles and no date of publication filter was applied. The intervention was training 2 days/week of structured resistance exercises using major upper and lower muscle groups. Minimum intervention period was 7 weeks. Comparison groups maintained their habitual activity without structured exercise training. Outcome measures of interest were: 6‐min walk test, grip strength, timed up‐and‐go test, and sit‐to‐stand. Eight randomized controlled trials and one nonequivalent comparison‐group study fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent data extraction. All studies were of hemodialysis patients. The evidence indicates that full‐body resistance exercise significantly improved grip strength, timed up and go and sit to stand tests; metrics associated with enhanced quality and quantity of life.