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Context Island landscapes and component biodiversity provide invaluable services. However, these are threatened by climate change. There is currently no framework for assessing and mitigating such threats on islands. Aims Based on an existing adaptation standard, we aimed to propose a systematic approach for planning the adaptation of islands based on a risk management process. Methods For each risk, we investigated a range of adaptation approaches that can be considered and selected by conservation practitioners in designing conservation interventions. Key results For each risk identified, a range of adaptation measures can be selected: do nothing; maintain and enhance habitat, intensive species management, and preserve populations (including through ex situ conservation); or exploit the natural characteristics of islands to conserve biodiversity. Conclusions This approach provides a decision-making matrix of risks/drivers vs adaptation measures to assist in the design of conservation interventions, which can be applied to Australian islands on a priority basis. Implications There will inevitably remain gaps in knowledge and understanding that will hamper conservation efforts. There will also remain circumstances where adaptation is not possible and loss of services and biodiversity will follow as a result of climate change. However, the proposed model for assessing and adapting to climate change risks is a step forward from the current situation, where relatively little consideration is being given to climate change when developing island conservation interventions.

If conservation depends on people, then community partnerships are the lynchpin to conservation success. The contribution of local knowledge, intellectual capital and volunteer labour not only saves project managers invaluable time and money, it fosters ownership and longevity into conservation initiatives well beyond their projected timeframe. Island communities are socially and culturally diverse and driven by a range of motivations. Hence, if we are to deliver conservation programs at scale, we need to better understand and embed these drivers into program design. We present four contemporary case studies on major populated islands in Australia where community collaborations are building the collective impact needed to underpin conservation success. They contain key learnings about community involvement, to help guide managers with future island planning and avoid some pitfalls.

Sleeper populations of non-native species can remain at low abundance for decades before irrupting. For over a century, fallow deer ( Dama dama ) in the island state of Tasmania, Australia, remained at low abundance and close to the region in which they were released. Recently, there are indications the population has increased in abundance and distribution. Here, we spatially quantify the population change using a time series of annual spotlight counts from 1985 to 2019 (total of 5,761 counts). Next, we predict the potential for further range expansion, using global occurrences to characterise the species’ climatic niche, and remote-camera surveys (n = 3,225) to model fine-grained habitat suitability. Spotlight counts of fallow deer increased by 11.5% annually, resulting in a 40-fold increase from 1985 to 2019. The core distribution increased 2.9-fold during this 35-year period, and now spans c. 27% of Tasmania’s land area. Satellite populations have established in locations where farmed deer have escaped or been released, suggesting that humans have facilitated some of the range expansion via new introduction events. Based on climate and habitat suitability, our models predict that 56% of Tasmania is suitable under the current climate. This suggests range expansion is likely to continue unless the population is actively managed, which could include the eradication of satellite populations and containment of core populations. This case study cautions that despite over a century of slow population growth, sleeper populations of non-native species can abruptly increase.

Refuges for threatened species are important to prevent species extinction. They provide protection from a range of environmental and biotic stressors, and ideally provide protection against all threatening processes. However, for some species it may not be clear why some areas are refuges and others are not. The forty-spotted pardalote (Pardalotus quadragintus) is an endangered, sedentary, cryptic and specialised bird endemic to the island of Tasmania, Australia. Having undergone an extreme range contraction over the past century the species is now mostly confined to a few small offshore island refuges. Key threatening processes to the species include habitat loss, wildfire, competition and predation. The ways in which these processes have molded the species’ contemporary range have not been clearly evaluated. Furthermore, the security of the remnant population within refuges is uncertain. To overcome this uncertainty we assessed key threats and established the population status in known refuges by developing a robust survey protocol within an occupancy modelling framework. We discuss our results in the context of planning trial reintroductions of this endangered species in suitable habitat across its former range. We found very high occupancy rates (0.75–0.96) at two refuges and in suitable conditions, the species was highly detectable (p, 0.43–0.77). At a third location our surveys indicated a local extinction, likely due to recent wildfire. We demonstrate that all refuges are at high risk of one or more threatening processes and the current distribution across island refuges is unlikely to secure the species from extinction. We identified large areas of potential habitat across the species’ former mainland range, but these are likely too distant from source populations for natural recolonisation. We propose that establishing new populations of forty-spotted pardalotes via reintroduction is essential to secure the species and that this is best achieved while robust source populations still exist.

The literature on marketing library resources to distance students reaches back to at least the mid-1980s based on a simple EBSCOHost search across over 40 different databases. Authors of t...

Payson Library, the largest library at Pepperdine, primarily serves undergraduate students. It underwent a renovation between spring 2016 and fall 2017. Payson Library was closed during this renovation, and a Library Hub was established as a temporary service point and library information and teaching center on campus. Maintaining market share led to rolling out new services such as RAPID-ILL, repurposing a graduate campus library for increased study spaces, and reliance on a strong library liaison program. Predictably, there was a sharp reduction in patron visits, but there was success in providing reference, instruction, and access to the collections.

Camino, a patron-initiated borrowing system, operates within the SCELC consortium made up of private academic libraries in California. OCLC's WorldCat Navigator Request Engine is the backbone of this service, because it works with all ILS systems and integrates with discovery layers and interlibrary loan. Camino is administrated by a user group which sets policies and procedures and guides implementation for new members.

Demands for information resources are increasing while libraries are facing decreasing budgets and lessening staffing support. Interlibrary loan and consortial services can help libraries expand access to collections. Patron-initiated borrowing systems are a current trend in libraries, but seamlessly integrating them is challenging. This article analyzes problems in patron-initiated consortial resource sharing, introducing a new generation service which combines complex library systems and allows them to work together in real-time availability: the online public access catalog (OPAC), a consortial borrowing system, an interlibrary loan system, an integrated library system, and an authentication system. The service seamlessly integrated a new discovery tool, WorldCat Local, with local, consortial, and worldwide resource sharing systems. Patron requests are automatically transferred from system to system based on the item's availability, maintaining rapid delivery.

Australia is the custodian of a diverse range of continental and oceanic islands. From Heard and Macquarie in the sub-Antarctic, to temperate Lord Howe and Norfolk, to the tropical Cocos (Keeling) Islands and the islands of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia’s islands contain some of the nation’s most iconic fauna, flora and ecosystems. They are a refuge for over 35% of Australia’s threatened species and for many others declining on mainland Australia. They also have significant cultural value, especially for Indigenous communities, and economic value as centres for tourism. Australian Island Arks presents a compelling case for restoring and managing islands to conserve our natural heritage. With contributions from island practitioners, researchers and policy-makers, it reviews current island management practices and discusses the need and options for future conservation work. Chapters focus on the management of invasive species, threatened species recovery, conservation planning, Indigenous cultural values and partnerships, tourism enterprises, visitor management, and policy and legislature. Case studies show how island restoration and conservation approaches are working in Australia and what the emerging themes are for the future. Australian Island Arks will help island communities, managers, visitors and decision-makers to understand the current status of Australia’s islands, their management challenges, and the opportunities that exist to make best use of these iconic landscapes.

This article describes the reasons why Pepperdine University Libraries decided to move to the next-generation technology of WMS as our library system. WMS is an integrated library system hosted by OCLC that is “in the Cloud.” Pepperdine was one of the first libraries to go live with WMS, and in the article we focus on implementation process, circulation, course reserves, and holds. Although WMS is not a perfect system, we believe that libraries are poised to benefit from the next generation of library systems, such as WMS.