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4. Author Correction: Transcriptional regulation of N6-methyladenosine orchestrates sex-dimorphic metabolic traits

Author

Salisbury, David A, Casero, David, Zhang, Zhengyi, Wang, Dan, Kim, Jason, Wu, Xiaohui, Vergnes, Laurent, Mirza, Aashiq H, Leon-Mimila, Paola, Williams, Kevin J, Huertas-Vazquez, Adriana, Jaffrey, Samie R, Reue, Karen, Chen, Jianjun, and Sallam, Tamer

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics, Medical physiology, Nutrition and dietetics
Abstract

In the version of this article initially published, the SCD1 lane in Figure 4e was inverted and has now been reoriented, while in the Source Data for Figure 2a, the PD1 lane labeled image now replaces the Source Data online. Original and corrected figures (Figs. 1 and 2) are shown below. Additionally, the “Gene expression and immunoblot analysis” section in Methods has been amended to clarify that “Proteins of interest and loading controls were run on separate membranes.” The changes have been made in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Published
2023

6. Author Correction: Transcriptional regulation of N6-methyladenosine orchestrates sex-dimorphic metabolic traits.

Author

Salisbury, David A, Casero, David, Zhang, Zhengyi, Wang, Dan, Kim, Jason, Wu, Xiaohui, Vergnes, Laurent, Mirza, Aashiq H, Leon-Mimila, Paola, Williams, Kevin J, Huertas-Vazquez, Adriana, Jaffrey, Samie R, Reue, Karen, Chen, Jianjun, and Sallam, Tamer

Abstract

In the version of this article initially published, there were graphical presentation errors in Fig. 3g, where the center panels of the “m6A writers” columns duplicated other images in the figure; in Fig. 4c, where the lane for “PDI” was an incorrect version; and in Extended Data Fig. 3j, where the lower-left “PDI” lane was inverted. The images have been replaced in the HTML and PDF versions of the article and the file for Fig. 4 Source Data: Unprocessed blots has also been replaced online.

Published
2022

9. Crossing Boundaries: Transboundary Geographic Information in the Amazon Borderlands of Peru and Brazil

Author

Salisbury, David Seward, Powell, Claire Victoria, Ordaya, Bertha Balbín, Tipula, Pedro Tipula, Alvarado, Desiree Estilita, Huayaney, Miguel Alva, Brown, Vera Reis, Lopes, Elaine, de Melo, Antonio Willian Flores, Sheppard, Sidney Novoa, Ochoa, Maria Luiza Pinedo, Cardenas, Piero Enmanuel Rengifo, da Silva, Sonaira Souza, de Melo Silva, José Frank, Spera, Stephanie A., Alvarado, Jorge Washington Vela, Gamarra, David Orlando González, Correia Dantas, Eustógio W., Series Editor, Rabassa, Jorge, Series Editor, and López, Santiago, editor

Published
2023
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11. WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health

Author

Aanensen, David, Alanio, Alexandre, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Alemayehu, Tinsae, Al-Hasan, Majdi, Allegaert, Karel, Al-Maani, Amal Saif, Al-Salman, Jameela, Alshukairi, Abeer Nizar, Amir, Afreenish, Applegate, Tanya, Araj, George F, Villalobos, Marlen Arce, Årdal, Christine, Ashiru-Oredope, Diane, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Babin, François-Xavier, Bachmann, Laura H, Bachmann, Till, Baker, Kate Susan, Balasegaram, Manica, Bamford, Colleen, Baquero, Fernando, Barcelona, Laura Isabel, Bassat, Quique, Bassetti, Matteo, Basu, Sulagna, Beardsley, Justin, Vásquez, Grey Benoit, Berkley, James A, Bhatnagar, Anuj K, Bielicki, Julia, Bines, Julie, Bongomin, Felix, Bonomo, Robert A, Bradley, John S, Bradshaw, Catriona, Brett, Ana, Brink, Adrian, Brown, Colin, Brown, Jeremy, Buising, Kirsty, Carson, Carolee, Carvalho, Anna Cristina, Castagnola, Elio, Cavaleri, Marco, Cecchini, Michele, Chabala, Chishala, Chaisson, Richard E, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chandler, Clare, Chandy, Sujith John, Charani, Esmita, Chen, Lisa, Chiara, Francesca, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Chua, Arlene, Chuki, Pem, Chun, Doo Ryeon, Churchyard, Gavin, Cirillo, Daniela, Clack, Lauren, Coffin, Susan E, Cohn, Jennifer, Cole, Michelle, Conly, John, Cooper, Ben, Corso, Alejandra, Cosgrove, Sara E, Cox, Helen, Daley, Charles L, Darboe, Saffiatou, Darton, Tom, Davies, Gerry, de Egea, Viviana, Dedeić-Ljubović, Amela, Deeves, Miranda, Denkinger, Claudia, Dillon, Jo-Anne R, Dramowski, Angela, Eley, Brian, Roberta Esposito, Susanna Maria, Essack, Sabiha Y, Farida, Helmia, Farooqi, Joveria, Feasey, Nicholas, Ferreyra, Cecilia, Fifer, Helen, Finlayson, Heather, Frick, Mike, Gales, Ana Cristina, Galli, Luisa, Gandra, Sumanth, Gerber, Jeffrey S, Giske, Christian, Gordon, Bruce, Govender, Nelesh, Guessennd, Nathalie, Guindo, Ibrehima, Gurbanova, Elmira, Gwee, Amanda, Hagen, Ferry, Harbarth, Stephan, Haze, John, Heim, Jutta, Hendriksen, Rene, Heyderman, Robert Simon, Holt, Kathryn Elizabeth, Hönigl, Martin, Hook, Edward W, Hope, William, Hopkins, Heidi, Hughes, Gwenda, Ismail, Ghada, Issack, Mohammad Iqbal, Jacobs, Jan, Jasovský, Dušan, Jehan, Fyeza, Pearson, Antonieta Jimenez, Jones, Makoto, Joshi, Mohan P, Kapil, Arti, Kariuki, Samuel, Karkey, Abhilasha, Kearns, Gregory L, Keddy, Karen Helena, Khanna, Nina, Kitamura, Akiko, Kolho, Kaija-Leena, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kotwani, Anita, Kozlov, Roman S, Kranzer, Katharina, Kularatne, Ranmini, Lahra, Monica M, Langford, Bradley J, Laniado-Laborin, Rafael, Larsson, Joakim, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Le Doare, Kirsty, Lee, Hyukmin, Lessa, Fernanda, Levin, Anna S, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, Lincopan, Nilton, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Lodha, Rakesh, Loeb, Mark, Longtin, Yves, Lye, David Chien, Mahmud, Asif Mujtaba, Manaia, Célia, Manderson, Lenore, Mareković, Ivana, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Martin, Irene, Mashe, Tapfumanei, Mei, Zeng, Meis, Jacques F, Lyra Tavares De Melo, Flávio Augusto, Mendelson, Marc, Miranda, Angelica Espinosa, Moore, David, Morel, Chantal, Moremi, Nyambura, Moro, Maria Luisa, Moussy, Francis, Mshana, Stephen, Mueller, Arno, Ndow, Francis J, Nicol, Mark, Nunn, Andrew, Obaro, Stephen, Obiero, Christina W, Okeke, Iruka N, Okomo, Uduak, Okwor, Tochi J, Oladele, Rita, Omulo, Sylvia, Ondoa, Pascale, Ortellado de Canese, Juana Medarda, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Padoveze, Maria Clara, Pai, Madhukar, Park, Benjamin, Parkhill, Julian, Parry, Christopher M, Peeling, Rosanna, Sobreira Vieira Peixe, Luísa Maria, Perovic, Olga, Pettigrew, Melinda M, Principi, Nicola, Pulcini, Céline, Puspandari, Nelly, Rawson, Timothy, Reddy, Denasha Lavanya, Reddy, Kessendri, Redner, Paulo, Rodríguez Tudela, Juan Luis, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Van Katwyk, Susan Rogers, Roilides, Emmanuel, Rollier, Christine, Rollock, Leslie, Ronat, Jean-Baptiste, Ruppe, Etienne, Sadarangani, Manish, Salisbury, David, Salou, Mounerou, Samison, Luc Hervé, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sartelli, Massimo, Schellack, Natalie, Schouten, Jeroen, Schwaber, Mitchell J, Seni, Jeremiah, Senok, Abiola, Shafer, William M, Shakoor, Sadia, Sheppard, Donald, Shin, Jong-Hee, Sia, Sonia, Sievert, Dawn, Singh, Ishwar, Singla, Rupak, Skov, Robert Leo, Soge, Olusegun O, Sprute, Rosanne, Srinivasan, Arjun, Srinivasan, Subasree, Sundsfjord, Arnfinn, Tacconelli, Evelina, Tahseen, Sabira, Tangcharoensathien, Viroj, Tängdén, Thomas, Thursky, Karin, Thwaites, Guy, Tigulini de Souza Peral, Renata, Tong, Deborah, Tootla, Hafsah Deepa, Tsioutis, Constantinos, Turner, Katy M, Turner, Paul, Omar, Shaheed Vally, van de Sande, Wendy WJ, van den Hof, Susan, van Doorn, Rogier, Veeraraghavan, Balaji, Verweij, Paul, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Wang, Hui, Warris, Adilia, Weinstock, Hillard, Wesangula, Evelyn, Whiley, David, White, Peter J, Williams, Phoebe, Xiao, Yonghong, Moscoso, Martin Yagui, Yang, Hsu Li, Yoshida, Sachiyo, Yu, Yunsong, Żabicka, Dorota, Zignol, Matteo, Rudan, Igor, Bertagnolio, Silvia, Dobreva, Zlatina, Centner, Chad M, Olaru, Ioana Diana, Donà, Daniele, Burzo, Stefano, Huttner, Benedikt D, Chaillon, Antoine, Gebreselassie, Nebiat, Wi, Teodora, Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz, Allegranzi, Benedetta, Sati, Hatim, Ivanovska, Verica, Kothari, Kavita U, Balkhy, Hanan H, Cassini, Alessandro, Hamers, Raph L, and Weezenbeek, Kitty Van

Published
2024
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12. Transcriptional regulation of N6-methyladenosine orchestrates sex-dimorphic metabolic traits

Author

Salisbury, David A, Casero, David, Zhang, Zhengyi, Wang, Dan, Kim, Jason, Wu, Xiaohui, Vergnes, Laurent, Mirza, Aashiq H, Leon-Mimila, Paola, Williams, Kevin J, Huertas-Vazquez, Adriana, Jaffrey, Samie R, Reue, Karen, Chen, Jianjun, and Sallam, Tamer

Subjects
Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Medical Physiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Digestive Diseases, Genetics, Nutrition, Liver Disease, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Adenosine, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Lipid Metabolism, Male, Methylation, Mice, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, STAT5 Transcription Factor, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Transcription, Genetic, Medical biochemistry and metabolomics, Medical physiology, Nutrition and dietetics
Abstract

Males and females exhibit striking differences in the prevalence of metabolic traits including hepatic steatosis, a key driver of cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. RNA methylation is a widespread regulatory mechanism of transcript turnover. Here, we show that presence of the RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) triages lipogenic transcripts for degradation and guards against hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In male but not female mice, this protective checkpoint stalls under lipid-rich conditions. Loss of m6A control in male livers increases hepatic triglyceride stores, leading to a more 'feminized' hepatic lipid composition. Crucially, liver-specific deletion of the m6A complex protein Mettl14 from male and female mice significantly diminishes sex-specific differences in steatosis. We further surmise that the m6A installing machinery is subject to transcriptional control by the sex-responsive BCL6-STAT5 axis in response to dietary conditions. These data show that m6A is essential for precise and synchronized control of lipogenic enzyme activity and provide insights into the molecular basis for the existence of sex-specific differences in hepatic lipid traits.

Published
2021

13. Collaborative interactions of heterogenous ribonucleoproteins contribute to transcriptional regulation of sterol metabolism in mice.

Author

Zhang, Zhengyi, Feng, An-Chieh, Salisbury, David, Liu, Xin, Wu, Xiaohui, Kim, Jason, Lapina, Irina, Wang, Dan, Lee, Brennan, Fraga, Josue, Pan, Calvin, Williams, Kevin J, Lusis, Aldons J, Scumpia, Phil, and Sallam, Tamer

Subjects
Liver, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Humans, Mice, Cholesterol, Sterols, Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins, Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group C, CCAAT-Binding Factor, Gene Expression Regulation, Tissue Distribution, Male, Lipid Metabolism, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Inbred C57BL, Knockout, Promoter Regions, Genetic
Abstract

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a group of functionally versatile proteins that play critical roles in the biogenesis, cellular localization and transport of RNA. Here, we outline a role for hnRNPs in gene regulatory circuits controlling sterol homeostasis. Specifically, we find that tissue-selective loss of the conserved hnRNP RALY enriches for metabolic pathways. Liver-specific deletion of RALY alters hepatic lipid content and serum cholesterol level. In vivo interrogation of chromatin architecture and genome-wide RALY-binding pattern reveal insights into its cooperative interactions and mode of action in regulating cholesterogenesis. Interestingly, we find that RALY binds the promoter region of the master metabolic regulator Srebp2 and show that it directly interacts with coactivator Nuclear Transcription Factor Y (NFY) to influence cholesterogenic gene expression. Our work offers insights into mechanisms orchestrating selective promoter activation in metabolic control and a model by which hnRNPs can impact health and disease states.

Published
2020

16. Long Noncoding RNAs in Atherosclerosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week.

Author

Zhang, Zhengyi, Salisbury, David, and Sallam, Tamer

Subjects
Humans, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Risk Factors, Atherosclerosis, RNA, Long Noncoding, arteriosclerosis, bioinformatics, genetic knockout models, genetics, noncoding RNA, Aging, Cardiovascular, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a complex and chronic disease characterized by lipid deposition in the vessel wall that leads to an inflammatory and proliferative cascade involving smooth muscle, endothelial, and immune cells. Despite substantial improvements in our understanding of mechanisms contributing to atherosclerosis and overall reduction in cardiovascular mortality, the absolute disease burden remains substantially high. The recent discovery of a new group of mediators known as long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) offers a unique opportunity for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools in atherothrombotic disease. A number of studies suggest that lncRNAs are important mediators in health and disease, and rapidly accumulating evidence implicates lncRNAs in regulatory circuits controlling atherosclerosis. In this review, the authors outline important contributions of lncRNAs to atherosclerosis and its associated risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.

Published
2018

18. Capturing the Value of Vaccination within Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics—Practical Considerations for Expanding Valuation by Including Key Concepts.

Author

Biundo, Eliana, Dronova, Mariia, Chicoye, Annie, Cookson, Richard, Devlin, Nancy, Doherty, T. Mark, Garcia, Stephanie, Garcia-Ruiz, Antonio J., Garrison, Louis P., Nolan, Terry, Postma, Maarten, Salisbury, David, Shah, Hiral, Sheikh, Shazia, Smith, Richard, Toumi, Mondher, Wasem, Jurgen, and Beck, Ekkehard

Subjects
MENINGOCOCCAL vaccines, ROTAVIRUS vaccines, HEALTH equity, MACROECONOMIC models, VALUE capture
Abstract

Following the development of a value of vaccination (VoV) framework for health technology assessment/cost-effectiveness analysis (HTA/CEA), and identification of three vaccination benefits for near-term inclusion in HTA/CEA, this final paper provides decision makers with methods and examples to consider benefits of health systems strengthening (HSS), equity, and macroeconomic gains. Expert working groups, targeted literature reviews, and case studies were used. Opportunity cost methods were applied for HSS benefits of rotavirus vaccination. Vaccination, with HSS benefits included, reduced the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) by 1.4–50.5% (to GBP 11,552–GBP 23,016) depending on alternative conditions considered. Distributional CEA was applied for health equity benefits of meningococcal vaccination. Nearly 80% of prevented cases were among the three most deprived groups. Vaccination, with equity benefits included, reduced the ICER by 22–56% (to GBP 7014–GBP 12,460), depending on equity parameters. Macroeconomic models may inform HTA deliberative processes (e.g., disease impact on the labour force and the wider economy), or macroeconomic outcomes may be assessed for individuals in CEAs (e.g., impact on non-health consumption, leisure time, and income). These case studies show how to assess broader vaccination benefits in current HTA/CEA, providing decision makers with more accurate and complete VoV assessments. More work is needed to refine inputs and methods, especially for macroeconomic gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Transcriptional regulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux and atherogenesis by a long noncoding RNA.

Author

Sallam, Tamer, Jones, Marius, Thomas, Brandon J, Wu, Xiaohui, Gilliland, Thomas, Qian, Kevin, Eskin, Ascia, Casero, David, Zhang, Zhengyi, Sandhu, Jaspreet, Salisbury, David, Rajbhandari, Prashant, Civelek, Mete, Hong, Cynthia, Ito, Ayaka, Liu, Xin, Daniel, Bence, Lusis, Aldons J, Whitelegge, Julian, Nagy, Laszlo, Castrillo, Antonio, Smale, Stephen, and Tontonoz, Peter

Subjects
Bone Marrow Cells, Macrophages, Animals, Humans, Mice, Cholesterol, Transcription, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Atherosclerosis, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, Promoter Regions, Genetic, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1, RNA, Long Noncoding, Liver X Receptors, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, Long Noncoding, Transcription, Immunology, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Nuclear receptors regulate gene expression in response to environmental cues, but the molecular events governing the cell type specificity of nuclear receptors remain poorly understood. Here we outline a role for a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in modulating the cell type-specific actions of liver X receptors (LXRs), sterol-activated nuclear receptors that regulate the expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis and that have been causally linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We identify the lncRNA MeXis as an amplifier of LXR-dependent transcription of the gene Abca1, which is critical for regulation of cholesterol efflux. Mice lacking the MeXis gene show reduced Abca1 expression in a tissue-selective manner. Furthermore, loss of MeXis in mouse bone marrow cells alters chromosome architecture at the Abca1 locus, impairs cellular responses to cholesterol overload, and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Mechanistic studies reveal that MeXis interacts with and guides promoter binding of the transcriptional coactivator DDX17. The identification of MeXis as a lncRNA modulator of LXR-dependent gene expression expands understanding of the mechanisms underlying cell type-selective actions of nuclear receptors in physiology and disease.

Published
2018

24. 1152. Quantifying the health equity related public health impact of national immunisation programmes

Author

Biundo, Eliana, primary, Dronova, Mariia, additional, Chicoye, Annie, additional, Cookson, Richard, additional, Devlin, Nancy, additional, Doherty, T Mark, additional, Garcia-Ruiz, Antonio J, additional, Garrison, Louis P, additional, Nolan, Terry, additional, Postma, Maarten, additional, Salisbury, David M, additional, Shah, Hiral, additional, Wasem, Jurgen, additional, and Beck, Ekkehard, additional

Published
2023
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27. What Does a Voucher Buy? A Closer Look at the Cost of Private Schools. Policy Analysis.

Author

Cato Inst., Washington, DC. and Salisbury, David F.

Abstract

By most measures, U.S. K-12 public schools continue on a path of mediocrity. To date, many states have implemented school choice programs, seeking to instill elements of competition and choice into their education systems. However, they all have limitations. An ideal school choice program would give every child a voucher or tax credit to be spent on educational services at any public or private school. The amount of the voucher or tax credit should be nearly equivalent to the amount of funds spent per student in public school. Government figures indicate that the average private elementary school tuition in the United States is less than $3,500, and the average private secondary school tuition is $6,052. Therefore, a voucher amount of $5,000 would give students access to most private schools. Since average per pupil spending for public schools is now $8,830, most states could offer a voucher amount even greater than $5,000 and still realize substantial savings. A survey of private schools in New Orleans; Houston; Denver; Charleston, South Carolina; Washington, DC, and Philadelphia shows that there are many options available to families with $5,000 to spend on a child's education. Even more options would be available if all parents were armed with a voucher or tax credit of that amount. An appendix presents tuition for private elementary and high schools in six U.S. cities. (SM)

Published
2003

28. Lessons from Florida: School Choice Gives Increased Opportunities to Children with Special Needs. Cato Institute Briefing Papers.

Author

Cato Inst., Washington, DC. and Salisbury, David F.

Abstract

This paper describes Florida's school choice program, instituted in 2000, for students with disabilities. It reports that, during 2000-01, the McKay Scholarship Program for Students with Disabilities provided scholarships to more than 1,000 students who chose to attend private schools rather than remain in their neighborhood public schools. It notes that currently more than 8,000 special education students in Florida attend 464 private schools throughout the state. It finds that private schools have proven their willingness to accept McKay scholarship students and that 89% of McKay students reenrolled in their scholarship schools, demonstrating that most parents are satisfied with their chosen private school. Separate sections of the report address how the McKay Scholarship Program works; scholarship recipients; participating private schools; benefits for students; and effect on public schools. A section on criticisms of the McKay program considers issues of accountability, inclusion, and regulation of private schools. Other sections consider parents' rights and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the McKay program and federal special education policy, and the future of special education. The paper concludes that the McKay program should be expanded and that Congress should deregulate IDEA to allow more school choice for children in special education programs. (Contains 57 references.) (DB)

Published
2003

29. Escaping IDEA: Freeing Parents, Teachers, and Students through Deregulation and Choice. Policy Analysis.

Author

Cato Inst., Washington, DC., Gryphon, Marie, and Salisbury, David

Abstract

This policy analysis of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in the context of current reauthorization efforts concludes that IDEA's central failure is the complex and adversarial process required to determine the size and nature of each disabled child's entitlement to special services through the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process. It suggests that the IEP process has failed to ensure an appropriate education for disabled children while marginalizing parents and creating a barrage of compliance-drive paperwork. The adversarial nature of IDEA is seen as undermining relationships between parents and educators, and pitting parents, especially poorer parents, against schools in a struggle over limited resources. The paper also finds that IDEA has precipitated a financial crisis in schools with regulatory compliance and litigation costs soaking up educational resources and with incorrect labeling of students as disabled to qualify for funding. It urges establishment of portable benefits for parents and reform of special education to allow parents to control how their child's educational dollars are spent in the public or private school of their choice. (Contains 130 references.) (DB)

Published
2002

30. Rule of Prevention: a potential framework to evaluate preventive interventions for rare diseases

Author

Gibson, Eddie, primary, Ollendorf, Daniel A., additional, Simoens, Steven, additional, Bloom, David E, additional, Martinón-Torres, Federico, additional, Salisbury, David, additional, Severens, Johan Louis, additional, Toumi, Mondher, additional, Molnar, Daniel, additional, Meszaros, Kinga, additional, Sohn, Woo-Yun, additional, and Begum, Najida, additional

Published
2023
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31. El Atlas del Cambio Climático de las Américas

Author

Salisbury, David S., Aguirre, Claudia Nancy, Gudiño, María Elina, Martín, Fernando López, Pyszczek, Oscar Luis, Sanabria, Rigaud, and Snaider, Patricia Perla

Published
2018

32. The Universal Tuition Tax Credit: Advancing Excellence through Parental Choice and Empowerment. A Sutherland Institute Policy Study.

Author

Sutherland Inst., Salt Lake City, UT., Salisbury, David F., Maxfield, Richard, Miller, Maxwell A., and Bischoff, Jim

Abstract

This study examined the possible benefits to Utah of a Universal Tuition Tax Credit (UTTC), a credit that would make it possible for parents, both low-income and moderate-income, to choose a nonpublic school for their child if they want to. The UTTC would have a positive effect on the per-student revenues available for public school systems as more parents would rely on nonpublic schools. It is projected that over 5 years, the UTTC would save $36 million in local property tax expenditures. The study began by considering why parental choice is an essential ingredient in school change and improvement, suggesting that only where consumer choice and competition exist can there be organizational strategies that allow for successful change and improvement. The study analyzed four potential options for educational improvement and concluded that a tuition tax credit is the best option for significant educational improvement. It is the most likely strategy to provide multiple options and freedom of choice and to most likely to accelerate improvement through incentives. The study also examines constitutional issues based on the U.S. Constitution and Utah's state constitution. The study outlines the UTTC plan for Utah, which would gradually phase in a tax credit for any Utah private school student that could be claimed by any taxpayer, individual or corporate, including a students relatives, friends, or businesses that pay children's tuition. The proposed credit is a per-child credit that increases over years to a maximum of 50% of the average per-student cost of public schooling. An final analysis considers the impact on public school enrollment in Utah and suggests that the credit will benefit the state in periods of slow or rapid economic growth. Four appendixes provide additional information about the UTTC and organizations that support it. (SLD)

Published
1999

33. Utah Schools: An In-Depth Look. An Analysis of Spending and Achievement in Utah Schools. A Sutherland Institute Policy Study.

Author

Sutherland Inst., Salt Lake City, UT., James, Louis, and Salisbury, David F.

Abstract

A study examined costs, achievement, and enrollment trends of public, private, and home schools in Utah. Using a business approach to determine cost-per-pupil revealed an average cost of $4,801, rather than the $3,787 calculated using the usual formula. In educational achievement Utah students appear to perform slightly better than those in other states. In its favor, Utah has a high number of intact families and moderate-to-high income levels. Students should be performing much better. Also, the decline in fifth-grade reading skills on the Stanford Achievement test and the poor skills of Utah fourth-graders are a concern. Utah's public schools educate more than 90 percent of the state's schoolchildren. Private-school enrollment is increasing about 3 percent per year. Home schooling in Utah appears to be growing at about 25 percent per year. Utah's private schools and home schools are effective, efficient, and accessible. They provide an excellent education and at reasonable cost. Parents who choose to educate their children at home are able to provide a very successful experience in most cases. Addenda examine effects of the legislative reforms of Utah's new Centennial Schools and critique such popular proposals as reducing class size and reading achievement programs. (RKJ)

Published
1999

34. Regulatory RNA: a novel checkpoint in cardiometabolic disease

Author

Salisbury, David Alex

Subjects
Molecular biology, Genetics
Abstract

Complexity of living organisms increases as a function of evolution. According to the central dogma, proteins represent the primary form of genetic output in living organisms and therefore all biological functions and increases in complexity must have arisen from proteins. Yet, in direct contradiction to this fundamental dogma , the proportion of protein-coding genes actually decreases as a function of organismal complexity. How can this paradigm be reconciled? How else can genetic information be stored and transmitted in higher organisms without involving proteins? Interestingly, the increase in organismal complexity does in fact coincide with a vast expansion of the noncoding genome, suggesting the regulatory RNAs encoded by this portion of the genome have the potential to act as potent regulators in diverse biological processes. Regulatory RNA may therefore represent the missing piece in our understanding of how genetic information is stored and transmitted in higher eukaryotes and how these organisms are able to bypass the upper limits of biological complexity that would otherwise be imposed by a regulatory network operating solely on proteins. Thus, a better understanding of the physiological roles and mechanisms of regulatory RNAs in health and disease is likely to have significant therapeutic implications and will undoubtedly shed new light on what the basic notion of a gene truly represents. The work presented here will focus on two types of regulatory RNA: m6A-modified RNAs and lncRNAs. In chapter 2, we demonstrate that the m6A RNA modification is essential for proper regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. In-vivo studies showed that both diet and sex alter the global landscape of m6A. Under control diet feeding, m6A is dynamically enriched at 3’ UTR regions on lipogenic mRNAs but enrichment at these sites decreases dramatically when mice are fed a lipid-rich diet. Furthermore, deletion of the m6A installing enzyme Mettl14 increases hepatic lipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation while also diminishing hepatic sexual dimorphism. Our study outlines a protective role for RNA modifications against the development of fatty liver disease and also fills a gap in our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences in hepatic lipid traits. In chapter 3, we report findings from a preclinical investigation of Mexis therapy in atherosclerosis. We previously demonstrated the macrophage-specific lncRNA MeXis enhances Abca1 expression thereby boosting cholesterol efflux capacity of macrophages. To test the therapeutic effects of MeXis overexpression within lesions, we used a novel genetic model that allows spatial control of Mexis expression from the endogenous locus. We show that Mexis overexpression is associated with increased Abca1 mRNA and protein levels, enhanced cholesterol efflux to an ApoA1 acceptor, and reduced foam cell formation in vitro and in vivo. However, when we performed a bone-marrow transplant (BMT) and infused LDLR-/- mice with Cre+ and Cre- marrow, we did not observe major differences in plaque burden between groups. Surprisingly, Mexis overexpression in the atherosclerosis model did however lead to a substantial elevation in systemic inflammatory markers. Our findings have important implications for proposed strategies that aim to enhance lncRNA expression for chronic disease treatment and highlights the importance of carefully interrogating lncRNA effects in multiple contexts. In chapter 4, we demonstrate the macrophage-specific lncRNA AK165607 encodes a novel micropeptide termed ORF5. We further demonstrate ORF5 interacts with aggregation-prone proteins while they are being transported to the plasma membrane in secretory lysosomes for extracellular release. Loss of ORF5 triggers widespread rupturing of lysosome and results in the intracellular accumulation of toxic protein aggregates. In-vivo experiments revealed loss of ORF5 suppresses macrophage inflammatory response and impairs extracellular secretion of S100A8

Published
2021

35. Results concerning the Steenrod algebra

Author

Salisbury, David S.

Subjects
512.55
Abstract

In Part I of the thesis I investigate the invariants of the divided powers algebra, Γ(V) under the action of the General and Special Linear groups.  In Chapter 2 I compare the additive structure of the invariants of Γ(V) with that of the invariants of the polynomial algebra.  I show that these are not isomorphic as vector spaces (and a fortiori not isomorphic as algebras) except in two cases – when dim(V) = 2 and p = 2 or 3.  This chapter also includes some dimension counting arguments most notably the case dim(V) = 2, p = 2 in Section 2.7.  These dimension counts are useful both as techniques in their own right and because they give explicit calculations which are useful in the following chapter. In Chapter 3 I describe the algebra structure of the invariant algebra in the two cases, dim(V) = 2 and p = 2 or 3 in sections 3.4 and 3.6 respectively.  In addition I describe the algebra structure of the invariants of Γ(V) under some important subgroups of GL(V) – the transvections, the symmetric subgroup and the multiplicative subgroup.  I give complete results for the transvections and Fpx..  For the symmetric invariants I correct a result of Joel Segal and give a complete description of Γp(Vp)Σp..  The method used in the description of Γ(V)SL3(V2) has potential to be extended to other cases. In Part II of the thesis I compare two different methods of defining some kind of Steenrod Operations in integral cohomology.  John Hubbuck’s K-theory squares are defined on any space homotopic to a finite CW-complex with no 2-torsion.  Reg Wood’s differential operator squares are defined only on polynomial algebras.  The question is whether considered on a suitable space these operations would be equivalent.  I show that they are essentially incompatible.

Published
2006

41. Vaccines for a sustainable planet

Author

Pecetta, Simone, primary, Nandi, Arindam, additional, Weller, Charlie, additional, Harris, Vanessa, additional, Fletcher, Helen, additional, Berlanda Scorza, Francesco, additional, Pizza, Mariagrazia, additional, Salisbury, David, additional, Moxon, Richard, additional, Black, Steve, additional, Bloom, David E., additional, and Rappuoli, Rino, additional

Published
2023
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42. The Societal Value of Vaccines: Expert-Based Conceptual Framework and Methods Using COVID-19 Vaccines as a Case Study

Author

Di Fusco, Manuela, primary, Mendes, Diana, additional, Steuten, Lotte, additional, Bloom, David E, additional, Drummond, Michael, additional, Hauck, Katharina, additional, Pearson-Stuttard, Jonathan, additional, Power, Rachel, additional, Salisbury, David, additional, Towse, Adrian, additional, Roiz, Julie, additional, Szabo, Gabor, additional, Yang, Jingyan, additional, and Marczell, Kinga, additional

Published
2023
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46. Country score tool to assess readiness and guide evidence generation of immunization programs in aging adults in Europe

Author

Pham, Thi Hao, Beck, Ekkehard, Postma, Maarten J., Németh, Bertalan, Ágh, Tamás, de Waure, Chiara, Salisbury, David M., Nutma, Nynke, and van der Schans, Jurjen

Subjects
immunization programs, evidence, assessment, aging, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, tool, readiness
Abstract

ObjectivesDelaying of policies for immunization of aging adults, low vaccine uptake, and the lack of supportive evidence at the national level could diminish the value in health and economics of such programs. This study aims to develop a “country score tool” to assess readiness and to facilitate evidence generation for aging adult immunization programs in Europe, and examine the comprehensiveness, relevance, acceptability, and feasibility of the tool.MethodsThe tool was developed in two phases. First, a modified Delphi process was used to construct the tool. The process included a literature review, stakeholder consultations, and a three-round Delphi study. The Delphi panel included researchers, supra-national and national decision-makers of immunization programs recruited from five countries, using snowball sampling method. The consensus was predefined at the agreement rate of 70%. Pilot testing of the tool was conducted in the Netherlands, Germany, Serbia, and Hungary involving researchers in the field of health technology assessment. After assessing the countries' readiness, researchers evaluated four features, namely comprehensiveness, relevance, acceptability, and feasibility of the tool via an online survey that included 5-scale Likert questions. The percentages of affirmative answers including “agree” and “totally agree” choices were presented.ResultsThe review identified 16 tools and frameworks that formed the first version of our tool with 14 items. Eight experts were involved in the Delphi panel. Through three Delphi rounds, four items were added, one was dropped, and all others were amended. The consensus was achieved on the tool with 17 items divided into decision-making and implementation parts. Each item has a guiding question, corresponding to explanations and rationales to inform assessment with readiness scores. Eight researchers completed the pilot testing. The tool was rated as comprehensive (75%), relevant (100%), acceptable (75%), and feasible (88%) by participants.ConclusionThrough a thorough and transparent process, a country score tool was developed helping to identify strengths, weaknesses, and evidential requirements for decision-making and implementation of immunization programs of aging adults. The tool is relevant for different European contexts and shows good comprehensiveness, acceptability, and feasibility.

Published
2023

48. Contributors

Author

Abrignani, Sergio, primary, Ahmed, S. Sohail, additional, Amanna, Ian J., additional, Anderson, Teresa A., additional, Arlett, Peter R., additional, Atkinson, William L., additional, Averhoff, Francisco M., additional, Aylward, R. Bruce, additional, Bachmann, Martin F., additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Balfour, Henry H., additional, Ballou, W. Ripley, additional, Baric, Ralph S., additional, Barrett, Alan D.T., additional, Barnett, Elizabeth D., additional, Belgharbi, Lahouari, additional, Berinstein, Elliot M., additional, Berinstein, Neil L., additional, Bethony, Jeffrey M., additional, Bogaerts, Hugues, additional, Bot, Adrian, additional, Brachman, Philip S., additional, Bresee, Joseph S., additional, Broojerdi, Alireza Khadem, additional, Caplan, Arthur L., additional, Cavaleri, Marco, additional, Cherian, Thomas, additional, Choi-Sing, Pele, additional, Clemens, John D., additional, Cochi, Stephen L., additional, Cohn, Amanda, additional, Cortese, Capt. Margaret M., additional, Cox, Nancy J., additional, Cutts, Felicity, additional, Dagan, Ron, additional, Dalton, Harry R., additional, Daum, Robert S., additional, Davey, Andrea Sudell, additional, De Francesco, Raffaele, additional, Debbink, Kari, additional, Decker, Michael D., additional, Desai, Sachin N., additional, DeStefano, Frank, additional, Douglas, R. Gordon, additional, Dubischar, Katrin, additional, Edmunds, W. John, additional, Edwards, Kathryn M., additional, Egan, William, additional, Eggers, Rudolf, additional, Ehmann, Falk, additional, Ellis, Ronald W., additional, El-Turabi, Aadil, additional, Erdman, Dean D., additional, Ertl, Hildegund, additional, Fine, Paul E.M., additional, Finn, Theresa M., additional, Fisher, Allison, additional, Friede, Martin, additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Fry, Alicia M., additional, Garçon, Nathalie, additional, Gastañaduy, Paul A., additional, Gershman, Mark D., additional, Gershon, Anne A., additional, Gessner, Bradford D., additional, Gilbert, Peter, additional, Ginsberg, Ann M., additional, Girard, Marc P., additional, Gomez, Phillip L., additional, Goodson, James L., additional, Goodwin, Robert R., additional, Gordon, Lance K., additional, Grabenstein, John D., additional, Graham, Barney S., additional, Graham, Rachel L., additional, Granoff, Dan M., additional, Gray, Gregory C., additional, Gruber, Marion F., additional, Halstead, Scott B., additional, Hanekom, Willem, additional, Harrison, Lee H., additional, Hawn, Thomas R., additional, Healy, C. Mary, additional, Henderson, Donald A., additional, Hildesheim, Allan, additional, Hills, Susan L., additional, Holmgren, Jan, additional, Hombach, Joachim, additional, Hotez, Peter J., additional, Houghton, Michael, additional, Houston, Avril Melissa, additional, Howe, Barbara J., additional, Izopet, Jacques, additional, Jamieson, Denise J., additional, Jarrahian, Courtney, additional, Johansen, Kari, additional, Karron, Ruth A., additional, Kennedy, Richard B., additional, Kew, Olen M., additional, Khudyakov, Yury, additional, Klein, Michel, additional, Klugman, Keith P., additional, Kocher, Jacob F., additional, Koff, Wayne C., additional, Kollaritsch, Herwig, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Kozarsky, Phyllis E., additional, Kroger, Andrew T., additional, Kurz, Xavier, additional, Lakdawala, Seema S., additional, Lane, J. Michael, additional, Leigh, Kendra, additional, Levin, Myron J., additional, Levine, Emily Marcus, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Lindesmith, Lisa C., additional, Ljungman, Per, additional, Lowy, Douglas R., additional, Luke, Catherine J., additional, Lundgren, Anna, additional, Lydon, Patrick, additional, Malley, Richard, additional, Marin, Mona, additional, Markowitz, Lauri E., additional, Marshall, Lieut. Valerie B., additional, Miller, Mark A., additional, Monath, Thomas P., additional, Moss, William J., additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, Musher, Daniel M., additional, Nabel, Gary J., additional, Nagarajan, Thirumeni, additional, Nair, GB, additional, Nanduri, Srinivas Acharya, additional, Neddermann, Petra, additional, Nelson, Noele P., additional, Offit, Paul A., additional, Okwo-Bele, Jean-Marie, additional, Omer, Saad B., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, Oyston, Petra C.F., additional, Papania, Mark J., additional, Parashar, Umesh D., additional, Pfeifer, Dina, additional, Pickering, Larry K., additional, Pittman, Phillip R., additional, Ploquin, Aurélie, additional, Plotkin, Stanley A., additional, Plotkin, Susan L., additional, Poland, Gregory A., additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Qadri, Firdausi, additional, Quirk, Mary R., additional, Rao, Raman D.S.V., additional, Rappuoli, Rino, additional, Reef, Susan E., additional, Ridpath, Alison D., additional, Robinson, James M., additional, Rodewald, Lance E., additional, Rodriguez-Hernandez, Carmen A., additional, Roper, Martha H., additional, Rubin, Steven A., additional, Rupprecht, Charles E., additional, Rutala, William A., additional, Salisbury, David, additional, Samant, Vijay B., additional, Sambhara, Suryaprakash, additional, Santosham, Mathuram, additional, Schiller, John T., additional, Schleiss, Mark R., additional, Schuchat, Anne, additional, Schwartz, Jason L., additional, Scobie, Heather M., additional, Scott, J. Anthony, additional, Seward, Jane F., additional, Shouval, Daniel, additional, Siegrist, Claire-Anne, additional, Slifka, Mark K., additional, Sodha, Samir V., additional, Stanberry, Lawrence R., additional, Staples, J. Erin, additional, Steere, Allen C., additional, Steffen, Robert, additional, Strebel, Peter M., additional, Subbarao, Kanta, additional, Sullivan, Nancy J., additional, Sutcliffe, Catherine G., additional, Sutherland, Andrea R., additional, Sutter, Roland W., additional, Thomas, Stephen J., additional, Tiwari, Tejpratap S.P, additional, Tsai, Theodore F., additional, Van Damme, Pierre, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Vidor, Emmanuel, additional, Ward, John W., additional, Wassilak, Steven G.F., additional, Weber, David J., additional, Weiner, David B., additional, Wexler, Deborah L., additional, Wharton, Melinda, additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, Williamson, E. Diane, additional, Wood, David J., additional, Xia, Ningshao, additional, Xu, Zhi Yi, additional, Zanetti, Alessandro, additional, and Zehrung, Darin, additional

Published
2018
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