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2. Impact of interface traps on charge noise, mobility and percolation density in Ge/SiGe heterostructures

Author

Massai, L., Hetényi, B., Mergenthaler, M., Schupp, F. J., Sommer, L., Paredes, S., Bedell, S. W., Harvey-Collard, P., Salis, G., Fuhrer, A., and Hendrickx, N. W.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Hole spins in Ge/SiGe heterostructure quantum dots have emerged as promising qubits for quantum computation. The strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), characteristic of heavy-hole states in Ge, enables fast and all-electrical qubit control. However, SOC also increases the susceptibility of spin qubits to charge noise. While qubit coherence can be significantly improved by operating at sweet spots with reduced hyperfine or charge noise sensitivity, the latter ultimately limits coherence, underlining the importance of understanding and reducing charge noise at its source. In this work, we study the voltage-induced hysteresis commonly observed in SiGe-based quantum devices and show that the dominant charge fluctuators are localized at the semiconductor-oxide interface. By applying increasingly negative gate voltages to Hall bar and quantum dot devices, we investigate how the hysteretic filling of interface traps impacts transport metrics and charge noise. We find that the gate-induced accumulation and trapping of charge at the SiGe-oxide interface leads to an increased electrostatic disorder, as probed by transport measurements, as well as the activation of low-frequency relaxation dynamics, resulting in slow drifts and increased charge noise levels. Our results highlight the importance of a conservative device tuning strategy and reveal the critical role of the semiconductor-oxide interface in SiGe heterostructures for spin qubit applications.

Published
2023

3. Sweet-spot operation of a germanium hole spin qubit with highly anisotropic noise sensitivity

Author

Hendrickx, N. W., Massai, L., Mergenthaler, M., Schupp, F., Paredes, S., Bedell, S. W., Salis, G., and Fuhrer, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Spin qubits defined by valence band hole states comprise an attractive candidate for quantum information processing due to their inherent coupling to electric fields enabling fast and scalable qubit control. In particular, heavy holes in germanium have shown great promise, with recent demonstrations of fast and high-fidelity qubit operations. However, the mechanisms and anisotropies that underlie qubit driving and decoherence are still mostly unclear. Here, we report on the highly anisotropic heavy-hole $g$-tensor and its dependence on electric fields, allowing us to relate both qubit driving and decoherence to an electric modulation of the $g$-tensor. We also confirm the predicted Ising-type hyperfine interaction but show that qubit coherence is ultimately limited by $1/f$ charge noise. Finally, we operate the qubit at low magnetic field and measure a dephasing time of $T_2^*=9.2$ ${\mu}$s, while maintaining a single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.94 %, that remains well above 99 % at an operation temperature T>1 K. This understanding of qubit driving and decoherence mechanisms are key for the design and operation of scalable and highly coherent hole qubit arrays., Comment: Main text: 12 pages, 6 figures, 50+9 references. Supplementary information is included at the end: 9 pages, 11 figures

Published
2023
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4. Readout of quantum devices with a sideband microwave interferometer immune to systematic noise

Author

Crescini, N., Kelly, E. G., Salis, G., and Fuhrer, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

The accuracy of microwave measurements is not only critical for applications in telecommunication and radar, but also for future quantum computers. Qubit technologies such as superconducting qubits or spin qubits require detecting minuscule signals, typically achieved by reflecting a microwave tone off a resonator that is coupled to the qubit. Noise from cabling and amplification, e.g. from temperature variations, can be detrimental to readout fidelity. We present an approach to detect phase and amplitude changes of a device under test based on the differential measurement of microwave tones generated by two first-order sidebands of a carrier signal. The two microwave tones are sent through the same cable to the measured device that exhibits a narrow-band response for one sideband and leaves the other unaffected. The reflected sidebands are interfered by down-conversion with the carrier. By choosing amplitude and phases of the sidebands, suppression of either common amplitude or common phase noise can be achieved, allowing for fast, stable measurements of frequency shifts and quality factors of resonators. Test measurements were performed on NbN superconducting resonators at 25 mK to calibrate and characterise the experimental setup, and to study time-dependent fluctuations of their resonance frequency.

Published
2023

5. Effects of surface treatments on flux tunable transmon qubits

Author

Mergenthaler, M., Müller, C., Ganzhorn, M., Paredes, S., Müller, P., Salis, G., Adiga, V. P., Brink, M., Sandberg, M., Hertzberg, J. B., Filipp, S., and Fuhrer, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

One of the main limitations in state-of-the art solid-state quantum processors are qubit decoherence and relaxation due to noise in their local environment. For the field to advance towards full fault-tolerant quantum computing, a better understanding of the underlying microscopic noise sources is therefore needed. Adsorbates on surfaces, impurities at interfaces and material defects have been identified as sources of noise and dissipation in solid-state quantum devices. Here, we use an ultra-high vacuum package to study the impact of vacuum loading, UV-light exposure and ion irradiation treatments on coherence and slow parameter fluctuations of flux tunable superconducting transmon qubits. We analyse the effects of each of these surface treatments by comparing averages over many individual qubits and measurements before and after treatment. The treatments studied do not significantly impact the relaxation rate $\Gamma_1$ and the echo dephasing rate $\Gamma_2^\textrm{e}$, except for Ne ion bombardment which reduces $\Gamma_1$. In contrast, flux noise parameters are improved by removing magnetic adsorbates from the chip surfaces with UV-light and NH$_3$ treatments. Additionally, we demonstrate that SF$_6$ ion bombardment can be used to adjust qubit frequencies in-situ and post fabrication without affecting qubit coherence at the sweet spot.

Published
2021
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6. Characterization and tomography of a hidden qubit

Author

Pechal, M., Salis, G., Ganzhorn, M., Egger, D. J., Werninghaus, M., and Filipp, S.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

In circuit-based quantum computing, the available gate set typically consists of single-qubit gates acting on each individual qubit and at least one entangling gate between pairs of qubits. In certain physical architectures, however, some qubits may be 'hidden' and lacking direct addressability through dedicated control and readout lines, for instance because of limited on-chip routing capabilities, or because the number of control lines becomes a limiting factor for many-qubit systems. In this case, no single-qubit operations can be applied to the hidden qubits and their state cannot be measured directly. Instead, they may be controlled and read out only via single-qubit operations on connected 'control' qubits and a suitable set of two-qubit gates. We first discuss the impact of such restricted control capabilities on the quantum volume of specific qubit coupling networks. We then experimentally demonstrate full control and measurement capabilities in a superconducting two-qubit device with local single-qubit control and iSWAP and controlled-phase two-qubit interactions enabled by a tunable coupler. We further introduce an iterative tune-up process required to completely characterize the gate set used for quantum process tomography and evaluate the resulting gate fidelities.

Published
2020
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7. Benchmarking the noise sensitivity of different parametric two-qubit gates in a single superconducting quantum computing platform

Author

Ganzhorn, M., Salis, G., Egger, D. J., Fuhrer, A., Mergenthaler, M., Müller, C., Müller, P., Paredes, S., Pechal, M., Werninghaus, M., and Filipp, S.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

The possibility to utilize different types of two-qubit gates on a single quantum computing platform adds flexibility in the decomposition of quantum algorithms. A larger hardware-native gate set may decrease the number of required gates, provided that all gates are realized with high fidelity. Here, we benchmark both controlled-Z (CZ) and exchange-type (iSWAP) gates using a parametrically driven tunable coupler that mediates the interaction between two superconducting qubits. Using randomized benchmarking protocols we estimate an error per gate of $0.9\pm0.03\%$ and $1.3\pm0.4\%$ fidelity for the CZ and the iSWAP gate, respectively. We argue that spurious $ZZ$-type couplings are the dominant error source for the iSWAP gate, and that phase stability of all microwave drives is of utmost importance. Such differences in the achievable fidelities for different two-qubit gates have to be taken into account when mapping quantum algorithms to real hardware., Comment: 24 pages, including supplementary information

Published
2020
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8. Prospects of silicide contacts for silicon quantum electronic devices.

Author

Tsoukalas, K., Schupp, F., Sommer, L., Bouquet, I., Mergenthaler, M., Paredes, S., Vico Triviño, N., Luisier, M., Salis, G., Harvey-Collard, P., Zumbühl, D., and Fuhrer, A.

Subjects
ELECTRONIC equipment, PLATINUM, SCHOTTKY barrier, QUANTUM dots, SILICON, METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, LOW temperatures
Abstract

Metal contacts in semiconductor quantum electronic devices can offer advantages over doped contacts, primarily due to their reduced fabrication complexity and lower temperature requirements during processing. Some metals can also facilitate ambipolar device operation or form superconducting contacts. Furthermore, a sharp metal–semiconductor interface allows for contact placement in close proximity to the active device area avoiding damage caused by dopant implantation. However, in the case of gate-defined quantum dots in intrinsic silicon, the formation of a Schottky barrier at the silicon–metal interface can lead to large, nonlinear contact resistances at cryogenic temperatures. We investigate this issue by examining hole transport through metal oxide-semiconductor transistors with platinum silicide contacts on intrinsic silicon substrates. We extract the contact and channel resistances as a function of temperature and improve the cryogenic conductance of the device by more than an order of magnitude by implementing meander-shaped contacts. In addition, we observe signatures of enhanced transport through localized defect states, which we attribute to platinum clusters in the depletion region of the Schottky contacts that form during the silicidation process. These results showcase the prospects of silicide contacts in the context of cryogenic quantum devices and address associated challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Characterization of spin-orbit fields in InGaAs quantum wells

Author

Henn, T., Czornomaz, L., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Coherent electron spin dynamics in 10-nm-wide InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells is studied from 10 K to room temperature using time-resolved Kerr rotation. The spin lifetime exceeds 1 ns at 10 K and decreases with temperature. By varying the spatial overlap between pump and probe pulses, a diffusive velocity is imprinted on the measured electron spins and a spin precession in the spin-orbit field is measured. A Rashba symmetry of the SOI is determined. By comparing the spatial precession frequency gradient with the spin decay rate, an upper limit for the Rashba coefficients $\alpha$ of 2$\times$10$^{-12}$ eVm is estimated.

Published
2016
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10. Current-controlled Spin Precession of Quasi-Stationary Electrons in a Cubic Spin-Orbit Field

Author

Altmann, P., Hernandez, F. G. G., Ferreira, G. J., Kohda, M., Reichl, C., Wegscheider, W., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Space- and time-resolved measurements of spin drift and diffusion are performed on a GaAs-hosted two-dimensional electron gas. For spins where forward drift is compensated by backward diffusion, we find a precession frequency in absence of an external magnetic field. The frequency depends linearly on the drift velocity and is explained by the cubic Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction, for which drift leads to a spin precession angle twice that of spins that diffuse the same distance.

Published
2016
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11. Transition of a 2D spin mode to a helical state by lateral confinement

Author

Altmann, P., Kohda, M., Reichl, C., Wegscheider, W., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) leads to spin precession about a momentum-dependent spin-orbit field. In a diffusive two-dimensional (2D) electron gas, the spin orientation at a given spatial position depends on which trajectory the electron travels to that position. In the transition to a 1D system with increasing lateral confinement, the spin orientation becomes more and more independent on the trajectory. It is predicted that a long-lived helical spin mode emerges. Here we visualize this transition experimentally in a GaAs quantum-well structure with isotropic SOI. Spatially resolved measurements show the formation of a helical mode already for non-quantized and non-ballistic channels. We find a spin-lifetime enhancement that is in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Lateral confinement of a 2D electron gas provides an easy-to-implement technique for achieving high spin lifetimes in the presence of strong SOI for a wide range of material systems.

Published
2015
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12. Suppressed decay of a laterally confined persistent spin helix

Author

Altmann, P., Walser, M. P., Reichl, C., Wegscheider, W., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We experimentally investigate the dynamics of a persistent spin helix in etched GaAs wire structures of 2 to 80 um width. Using magneto-optical Kerr rotation with high spatial resolution, we determine the lifetime of the spin helix. A few nanoseconds after locally injecting spin polarization into the wire, the polarization is strongly enhanced as compared to the two-dimensional case. This is mostly attributed to a transition to one-dimensional diffusion, strongly suppressing diffusive dilution of spin polarization. The intrinsic lifetime of the helical mode is only weakly increased, which indicates that the channel confinement can only partially suppress the cubic Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction.

Published
2014
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14. Dynamics of a localized spin excitation close to the spin-helix regime

Author

Salis, G., Walser, M. P., Altmann, P., Reichl, C., and Wegscheider, W.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The time evolution of a local spin excitation in a (001)-confined two-dimensional electron gas subjected to Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions of similar strength is investigated theoretically and compared with experimental data. Specifically, the consequences of the finite spatial extension of the initial spin polarization is studied for non-balanced Rashba and Dresselhaus terms and for finite cubic Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction. We show that the initial out-of-plane spin polarization evolves into a helical spin pattern with a wave number that gradually approaches the value $q_0$ of the persistent spin helix mode. In addition to an exponential decay of the spin polarization that is proportional to both the spin-orbit imbalance and the cubic Dresselhaus term, the finite width $w$ of the spin excitation reduces the spin polarization by a factor that approaches $\exp(-q_0^2 w^2/2)$ at longer times., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures

Published
2013
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15. Direct mapping of the formation of a persistent spin helix: Supplementary information

Author

Walser, M. P., Reichl, C., Wegscheider, W., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in zincblende semiconductor quantum wells can be set to a symmetry point, in which spin decay is strongly suppressed for a helical spin mode. Signatures of such a persistent spin helix (PSH) have been probed using the transient spin grating technique, but it has not yet been possible to observe the formation and the helical nature of a PSH. Here we directly map the diffusive evolution of a local spin excitation into a helical spin mode by a time- and spatially resolved magneto-optical Kerr rotation technique. Depending on its in-plane direction, an external magnetic field interacts differently with the spin mode and either highlights its helical nature or destroys the SU(2) symmetry of the SOI and thus decreases the spin lifetime. All relevant SOI parameters are experimentally determined and confirmed with a numerical simulation of spin diffusion in the presence of SOI., Comment: Nature Phys. advance online publication, 12 August 2012

Published
2012
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16. Breakdown of the Korringa Law of Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Metallic GaAs

Author

Kölbl, D., Zumbühl, D. M., Fuhrer, A., Salis, G., and Alvarado, S. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract

We present nuclear spin relaxation measurements in GaAs epilayers using a new pump-probe technique in all-electrical, lateral spin-valve devices. The measured T1 times agree very well with NMR data available for T > 1 K. However, the nuclear spin relaxation rate clearly deviates from the well-established Korringa law expected in metallic samples and follows a sub-linear temperature dependence 1/T1 ~ T^0.6 for 0.1 K < T < 10 K. Further, we investigate nuclear spin inhomogeneities., Comment: 5 pages, 4 (color) figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1109.6332

Published
2012
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17. The Nuclear Spin Environment in Lateral GaAs Spin Valves

Author

Kölbl, D., Zumbühl, D. M., Fuhrer, A., Salis, G., and Alvarado, S. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The spin degree of freedom in solids offers opportunities beyond charge-based electronics and is actively investigated for both spintronics and quantum computation. However, the interplay of these spins with their native environment can give rise to detrimental effects such as spin relaxation and decoherence. Here, we use an all-electrical, lateral GaAs spin valve to manipulate and investigate the inherent nuclear spin system. Hanle satellites are used to determine the nuclear spin relaxation rates for the previously unexplored temperature range down to 100 mK, giving T1 times as long as 3 hours. Despite metallic temperature dependence of resistivity, the observed relaxation rates show a sub-linear temperature dependence. This contrasts the Korringa relaxation mechanism observed in metals but is not inconsistent with hyperfine-mediated relaxation in a disordered, interacting conductor not far from the metal-insulator transition. We discuss possible relaxation mechanisms and further investigate inhomogeneities in the nuclear spin polarization., Comment: 6 pages, 4 (color) figures, Fig 1 reloaded on 111001

Published
2011

18. Spin-injection spectra of CoFe/GaAs contacts: dependence on Fe concentration, interface and annealing conditions

Author

Salis, G., Alvarado, S. F., and Fuhrer, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Spin injection from Co70Fe30 and Fe contacts into bulk GaAs(001) epilayers is studied experimentally. Using nonlocal measurements, the spin polarization of the differential conductance is determined as a function of the bias voltage applied across the injection interface. The spectra reveal an interface-related minority-spin peak at forward bias and a majority-spin peak at reverse bias, and are very similar, but shifted in energy, for Co70Fe30 and for Fe contacts. An increase of the spin-injection efficiency and a shift of the spectrum correlate with the Ga-to-As ratio at the interface between CoFe and GaAs., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2011
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19. Optical polarization of localized hole spins in p-doped quantum wells

Author

Studer, M., Hirmer, M., Schuh, D., Wegscheider, W., Ensslin, K., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The initialization of spin polarization in localized hole states is investigated using time-resolved Kerr rotation. We find that the sign of the polarization depends on the magnetic field, and the power and the wavelength of the circularly polarized pump pulse. An analysis of the spin dynamics and the spin-initialization process shows that two mechanisms are responsible for spin polarization with opposite sign: The difference of the g factor between the localized holes and the trions, as well as the capturing process of dark excitons by the localized hole states., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures

Published
2011
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20. Role of linear and cubic terms for the drift-induced Dresselhaus spin-orbit splitting in a two-dimensional electron gas

Author

Studer, M., Walser, M. P., Baer, S., Rusterholz, H., Schön, S., Schuh, D., Wegscheider, W., Ensslin, K., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of a series of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) hosted in GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/GaAs (001) quantum wells (QWs) is measured by monitoring the precession frequency of the spins as a function of an in-plane electric field. The measured spin-orbit-induced spin-splitting is linear in the drift velocity, even in the regime where the cubic Dresselhaus SOI is important. We relate the measured splitting to the Dresselhaus coupling parameter, the QW confinement, the Fermi wavenumber and to strain effects. From this, the coupling parameter is determined quantitatively, including its sign., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2010
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21. Temperature dependence of the nonlocal voltage in an Fe/GaAs electrical spin injection device

Author

Salis, G., Fuhrer, A., Schlittler, R. R., Gross, L., and Alvarado, S. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The nonlocal spin resistance is measured as a function of temperature in a Fe/GaAs spin-injection device. For nonannealed samples that show minority-spin injection, the spin resistance is observed up to room temperature and decays exponentially with temperature at a rate of 0.018\,K$^{-1}$. Post-growth annealing at 440\,K increases the spin signal at low temperatures, but the decay rate also increases to 0.030\,K$^{-1}$. From measurements of the diffusion constant and the spin lifetime in the GaAs channel, we conclude that sample annealing modifies the temperature dependence of the spin transfer efficiency at injection and detection contacts. Surprisingly, the spin transfer efficiency increases in samples that exhibit minority-spin injection., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2010
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22. Signatures of dynamically polarized nuclear spins in all-electrical lateral spin transport devices

Author

Salis, G., Fuhrer, A., and Alvarado, S. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The effect of nuclear spins in Fe/GaAs all-electrical spin-injection devices is investigated. At temperatures below 50 K, strong modifications of the non-local spin signal are found that are characteristic for hyperfine coupling between conduction electrons and dynamically polarized nuclear spins. The perpendicular component of the nuclear Overhauser field depolarizes electron spins near zero in-plane external magnetic field, and can suppress such dephasing when antialigned with the external field, leading to satellite peaks in a Hanle measurement. The features observed agree well with a Monte Carlo simulation of the spin diffusion equation including hyperfine interaction, and are used to study the nuclear spin dynamics and relate it to the spin polarization of injected electrons., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2009
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23. Gate-controlled spin-orbit interaction in a parabolic GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well

Author

Studer, M., Salis, G., Ensslin, K., Driscoll, D. C., and Gossard, A. C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We study the tunability of the spin-orbit interaction in a two-dimensional electron gas with a front and a back gate electrode by monitoring the spin precession frequency of drifting electrons using time-resolved Kerr rotation. The Rashba spin splitting can be tuned by the gate biases, while we find a small Dresselhaus splitting that depends only weakly on the gating. We determine the absolute values and signs of the two components and show that for zero Rashba spin splitting the anisotropy of the spin-dephasing rate vanishes., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2009
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24. Spin-orbit interaction and spin relaxation in a two-dimensional electron gas

Author

Studer, M., Schön, S., Ensslin, K., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Using time-resolved Faraday rotation, the drift-induced spin-orbit Field of a two-dimensional electron gas in an InGaAs quantum well is measured. Including measurements of the electron mobility, the Dresselhaus and Rashba coefficients are determined as a function of temperature between 10 and 80 K. By comparing the relative size of these terms with a measured in-plane anisotropy of the spin dephasing rate, the D'yakonv-Perel' contribution to spin dephasing is estimated. The measured dephasing rate is significantly larger than this, which can only partially be explained by an inhomogeneous g-factor., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2008
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25. Two-dimensional imaging of the spin-orbit effective magnetic field

Author

Meier, L., Salis, G., Gini, E., Shorubalko, I., and Ensslin, K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We report on spatially resolved measurements of the spin-orbit effective magnetic field in a GaAs/InGaAs quantum-well. Biased gate electrodes lead to an electric-field distribution in which the quantum-well electrons move according to the local orientation and magnitude of the electric field. This motion induces Rashba and Dresselhaus effective magnetic fields. The projection of the sum of these fields onto an external magnetic field is monitored locally by measuring the electron spin-precession frequency using time-resolved Faraday rotation. A comparison with simulations shows good agreement with the experimental data., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2007
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26. Optimized stray-field-induced enhancement of the electron spin precession by buried Fe gates

Author

Meier, L., Salis, G., Moll, N., Ellenberger, C., Shorubalko, I., Wahlen, U., Ensslin, K., and Gini, E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The magnetic stray field from Fe gates is used to modify the spin precession frequency of InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well electrons in an external magnetic field. By using an etching process to position the gates directly in the plane of the quantum well, the stray-field influence on the spin precession increases significantly compared with results from previous studies with top-gated structures. In line with numerical simulations, the stray-field-induced precession frequency increases as the gap between the ferromagnetic gates is reduced. The inhomogeneous stray field leads to additional spin dephasing., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures

Published
2007
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27. Gate tunability of stray-field-induced electron spin precession in a GaAs/InGaAs quantum well below an interdigitated magnetized Fe grating

Author

Meier, L., Salis, G., Ellenberger, C., Gini, E., and Ensslin, K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Time-resolved Faraday rotation is used to measure the coherent electron spin precession in a GaAs/InGaAs quantum well below an interdigitated magnetized Fe grating. We show that the electron spin precession frequency can be modified by applying a gate voltage of opposite polarity to neighboring bars. A tunability of the precession frequency of 0.5 GHz/V has been observed. Modulating the gate potential with a gigahertz frequency allows the electron spin precession to be controlled on a nanosecond timescale.

Published
2006
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28. Interferometric detection of spin-polarized transport in the depletion layer of a metal-GaAs Schottky barrier

Author

Salis, G. and Alvarado, S. F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

It is shown that the Kerr rotation of spin-polarized electrons is modulated by the distance of the electrons from the sample surface. Time-resolved Kerr rotation of optically-excited spin-polarized electrons in the depletion layer of n-doped GaAs displays fast oscillations that originate from an interference between the light reflected from the semiconductor surface and from the front of the electron distribution moving into the semiconductor. Using this effect, the dynamics of the photogenerated charge carriers in the depletion layer of the biased Schottky barrier is measured., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2006
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29. Stray-field-induced modification of coherent spin dynamics

Author

Meier, L., Salis, G., Ellenberger, C., Gini, E., and Ensslin, K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Electron spins in an InGaAs semiconductor quantum well are used as a magnetometer of magnetic stray-fields from patterned Fe stripes. Using time-resolved Faraday rotation, the coherent precession of quantum-well spins in the inhomogeneous field below the Fe stripes is measured for varying magnetic fields. Comparing with reference stripes made of Au, we find an enhancement of the spin precession frequency proportional to the Fe magnetization, in line with a decrease of the spin decay time, which is attributed to the inhomogeneous magnetic stray-field in the quantum well layer.

Published
2006
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30. Origin of enhanced dynamic nuclear polarization and all-optical nuclear magnetic resonance in GaAs quantum wells

Author

Salis, G., Awschalom, D. D., Ohno, Y., and Ohno, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Time-resolved optical measurements of electron-spin dynamics in a (110) GaAs quantum well are used to study the consequences of a strongly anisotropic electron g-tensor, and the origin of previously discovered all-optical nuclear magnetic resonance. All components of the g-tensor are measured, and a strong anisotropy even along the in-plane directions is found. The amplitudes of the spin signal allow the study of the spatial directions of the injected spin and its precession axis. Surprisingly efficient dynamic nuclear polarization in a geometry where the electron spins are injected almost transverse to the applied magnetic field is attributed to an enhanced non-precessing electron spin component. The small absolute value of the electron g-factor combined with efficient nuclear spin polarization leads to large nuclear fields that dominate electron spin precession at low temperatures. These effects allow for sensitive detection of all-optical nuclear magnetic resonance induced by periodically excited quantum-well electrons. The mechanism of previously observed Delta m = 2 transitions is investigated and found to be attributable to electric quadrupole coupling, whereas Delta m = 1 transitions show signatures of both quadrupole and electron-spin induced magnetic dipole coupling., Comment: 40 pages, 8 figures

Published
2001
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31. Optical manipulation of nuclear spin by a two-dimensional electron gas

Author

Salis, G., Fuchs, D. T., Kikkawa, J. M., Awschalom, D. D., Ohno, Y., and Ohno, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Conduction electrons are used to optically polarize, detect and manipulate nuclear spin in a (110) GaAs quantum well. Using optical Larmor magnetometry, we find that nuclear spin can be polarized along or against the applied magnetic field, depending on field polarity and tilting of the sample with respect to the optical pump beam. Periodic optical excitation of the quantum-confined electron spin reveals a complete spectrum of optically-induced and quadrupolar-split nuclear resonances, as well as evidence for delta m = 2 transitions., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. Submitted for publication

Published
2000
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32. Shifting a Quantum Wire through a Disordered Crystal: Observation of Conductance Fluctuations in Real Space

Author

Heinzel, T., Salis, G., Held, R., Luescher, S., Ensslin, K., Wegscheider, W., and Bichler, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract

A quantum wire is spatially displaced by suitable electric fields with respect to the scatterers inside a semiconductor crystal. As a function of the wire position, the low-temperature resistance shows reproducible fluctuations. Their characteristic temperature scale is a few hundred millikelvin, indicating a phase-coherent effect. Each fluctuation corresponds to a single scatterer entering or leaving the wire. This way, scattering centers can be counted one by one., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
1999
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33. Mode Spectroscopy and Level Coupling in Ballistic Electron Waveguides

Author

Salis, G., Heinzel, T., Ensslin, K., Homan, O. J., Bachtold, W., Maranowski, K., and Gossard, A. C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

A tunable quantum point contact with modes occupied in both transverse directions is studied by magnetotransport experiments. We use conductance quantization of the one-dimensional subbands as a tool to determine the mode spectrum. A magnetic field applied along the direction of the current flow couples the modes. This can be described by an extension of the Darwin-Fock model. Anticrossings are observed as a function of the magnetic field, but not for zero field or perpendicular field directions, indicating coupling of the subbands due to nonparabolicity in the electrical confinement., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
1999
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34. Variation of elastic scattering across a quantum well

Author

Salis, G., Wirth, P., Heinzel, T., Ihn, T., Ensslin, K., Maranwoski, K., and Gossard, A. C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The Drude scattering times of electrons in two subbands of a parabolic quantum well have been studied at constant electron sheet density and different positions of the electron distribution along the growth direction. The scattering times obtained by magnetotransport measurements decrease as the electrons are displaced towards the well edges, although the lowest-subband density increases. By comparing the measurements with calculations of the scattering times of a two-subband system, new information on the location of the relevant scatterers and the anisotropy of intersubband scattering is obtained. It is found that the scattering time of electrons in the lower subband depends sensitively on the position of the scatterers, which also explains the measured dependence of the scattering on the carrier density. The measurements indicate segregation of scatterers from the substrate side towards the quantum well during growth., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
1998
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36. Spin Qubits in Silicon FinFET Devices

Author

Fuhrer, A., primary, Aldeghi, M., additional, Berger, T., additional, Camenzind, L. C., additional, Eggli, R. S., additional, Geyer, S., additional, Harvey-Collard, P., additional, Hendrickx, N. W., additional, Kelly, E.G., additional, Massai, L., additional, Mergenthaler, M., additional, Muller, P., additional, Kuhlmann, A. V., additional, Patlatiuk, T., additional, Paredes, S., additional, Schupp, F. J., additional, Salis, G., additional, Sommer, L., additional, Tsoukalas, K., additional, Trivino, N. Vico, additional, Warburton, R. J., additional, and Zumbuhl, D. M., additional

Published
2022
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38. Effects of surface treatments on flux tunable transmon qubits

Author

Mergenthaler, M., primary, Müller, C., additional, Ganzhorn, M., additional, Paredes, S., additional, Müller, P., additional, Salis, G., additional, Adiga, V. P., additional, Brink, M., additional, Sandberg, M., additional, Hertzberg, J. B., additional, Filipp, S., additional, and Fuhrer, A., additional

Published
2021
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39. Publisher's Note: "Prospects of silicide contacts for silicon quantum electronic devices" [Appl. Phys. Lett. 125, 013501 (2024)].

Author

Tsoukalas, K., Schupp, F., Sommer, L., Bouquet, I., Mergenthaler, M., Paredes, S., Triviño, N. Vico, Luisier, M., Salis, G., Harvey-Collard, P., Zumbühl, D., and Fuhrer, A.

Subjects
SILICIDES, SILICON, ELECTRONIC equipment, INTERNET publishing
Abstract

This article was originally published online on 2 July 2024 with errors to the affiliation links for the eighth, tenth, and eleventh authors. All affiliation links are correct as they appear above.All online versions of this article were corrected on 10 July 2024.By K. Tsoukalas; F. Schupp; L. Sommer; I. Bouquet; M. Mergenthaler; S. Paredes; N. Vico Triviño; M. Luisier; G. Salis; P. Harvey-Collard; D. Zumbühl and A. FuhrerReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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41. Electrical control of spin coherence in semiconductor nanostructures

Author

Salis, G., Kato, Y., Ensslin, K., Driscoll, D. C., Gossard, A. C., and Awschalom, D. D.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): G. Salis [1]; Y. Kato [1]; K. Ensslin [1, 2]; D. C. Driscoll [1]; A. C. Gossard [1]; D. D. Awschalom (corresponding author) [1] The processing of quantum information [...]

Published
2001
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45. Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1103 Clinical Sciences

Author

Mirijello, Antonio, Viazzi, Francesca, Fioretto, Paola, Giorda, C. B., Ceriello, Antonio, Russo, Giuspina T., Guida, Pietro, Pontremoli, Roberto, De Cosmo, S., Cimino, Antonino, Fava, Danila, Meloncelli, Illidio, Nicolucci, Antonio, Pellegrini, Fabio, Rossi, Maria Chiara, Turco, Salvatore, Vespasiani, Giacomo, Graziano, G., Lucisano, G., Memmo, R., Pellicciotta, E., Paciotti, V., Pupillo, M., Armentano, G., Giovannini, C., Armentano, V., Laudato, M., Acquati, S., Ciardullo, A. V., Laffi, G., Felace, G., Taboga, C., Tortul, C., Santantonio, G., Suraci, C., Ghisoni, G., Raffa, M., Genovese, S., Lovagnini-Scher, C. A., Rampini, P., Rocca, A., Ruggeri, P., Tortato, E., Cotti, L., Cristofaro, M. R., Tagliaferri, M., Comoglio, M., Fornengo, R., Gentile, F. M., Gigante, Antonio, Mastinu, F., Di Benedetto, A., Pata, P., Arcangeli, A., Orsini, P., Acler, P., De Blasi, G., Cicioni, G., Pocciati, S., Marangoni, A., Nogara, A., Lanero, M., Bertero, M. G., Damassino, R., Bergonzini, C., Schumtz, L., Seksich, L., Pipitone, A., Boaretto, M., Manfroi, I., Parmesan, L., Conte, B., Soccol, F., Pagano, A., Papini, E., Rinaldi, R., Petrucci, L., Graziano, F., Chianelli, M., Silvagni, S., Rosco, M., Ansaldi, E., Malvicino, F., Battezzati, M., Maresca, P., Palenzona, C., Boemi, M., Rabini, R. A., Brandoni, G., Lanari, L., Gatti, C., Testa, I., Cherubini, V., Doveri, G., Pecorelli, L., Ciccarelli, A., Gallardini, M. B., Courthoud, R., Sara Bredy, S., Ricciardi, G. P., Vitalone, G., Setti, D., Contrini, P., Corsi, A., Ghigliotti, V., Oddone, G., Ponzani, P., Valbonesi, G., Mazzini, V., Di Berardino, P., Colleluori, P., Montani, V., Trosini, V., Velussi, M., Alfidi, P., Verdecchia, B., Baliva, L., Di Pietro, A., Franchi, G., Luce, R. P., Pianta, A., Ferrari, M., Balzano, S., Beltranello, G., Dal Fabbro, S., Aricò, C. N., Cervo, L., Zanon, R., Rossa, S., Di Pace, M. C., Ciavarella, A., Giangiulio, S., Grimaldi, M., Mustacchio, A., Fattor, B., Monauni, T., Cristini, M., Orion, G., Crazzolara, D., Amor, F., Eisath, J. E., Lintner, S., Garavelli, S., Calari, T., Marini, P., Sandri, O., Scala, M., Stroppa, C., Trentin, A., Carlin, R., Carli, B., Sandonà, M., Zortea, C., Bonet, L., Pradel, L., Reato, S., Buschini, M., Bonfiglioli, D., Mones, D., Beldì, F., Morea, A., Bondesan, L., Perbellini, S., Valentini, U., Agosti, B., Corsini, R., Girelli, A., Zarra, E., Rocca, L., Bergmann, M., Pradi, I., Unterkircher, S., Piok, M., Pichler, M., Trinchera, A., Palamà, G., Palma, P., Carboni, L., Murtas, M. G., Mudadu, T., Turco, M. P., Floris, M., Delogu, A., Farris, L., Songini, M., Piras, G., Seguro, R., Floris, R., Corona, G., Lai, M., Piras, E., Contini, P. P., Cocco, S., Pilosu, R. M., Sannia, M. C., Spanu, F., Busciantella Ricci, N., Cartechini, M. G., Agostinelli, G., Fiorelli, C., Nuzzi, A., Ballauri, C., Lesina, A., Romeo, F., Giudici, G., Maciejewska, E. G., Deroma, A., Paduano, M., Rossi, L., Vagnini, C., Dolci, M., Mori, M., Baccetti, F., Gregori, G., Straface, E., Pozzuoli, G., Barone, M., Stasio, G. B., Tondini, S., Borgoni, F., Grosso, J., Scarsellato, C., Sciulli, A., De Marco, F., Confortin, L., Marin, N., Lamonica, M., Gialdino, S., Borzì, V., Gatta, C., Rapisard, R., Strano, S., Calabrò, M., Puccio, L., Zolli, M., Coracina, A., Starnone, V., Del Buono, A., Terracciano, A. M., Monda, M. V., Castro, F., Guaglianone, A., Maccari, V., Corsi, L., Versari, G., Falivene, M. R., Boletto, N., Corsi, S., Marafetti, L., Vitacolonna, E., Capani, F., Caputo, L., Di Nisio, L., Simonetti, F., Boscolo Bariga, A., Ballarin, G., De Boni, S., Di Benedetto, S., Chiambretti, A. M., Di Vito, L., Pascuzzo, M. D., Urli, P., Rumi, P., Balzarini, B., Galli, P., Castellan, M., Giannetti, A., Russotti, C., De Blasi, A., Perna, A., Campanelli, C., Ranchelli, A., Biccheri, D., Dadi, G., Massa, L., Baldi, G. P., Sciacca, F., Costanzo, E., Spada, M., Paolini, G., Ziller, P., Portolan, F., Pasolini, G., Ghilardi, G., Fiorina, P., Grata, M. L., Capretti, L., Speroni, G., Fugazza, L., Massafra, C., Lovagnini Scher, A., Cimicchi, M. C., Percudani, C., Risolo, T., Saccò, P., Gidoni Guarnieri, G. L., Piccolo, D., Bravin, C., De Noni, E., Scarpel, M., Marcon, M., Giacon, F., Panebianco, G., Tadiotto, F., Da Tos, V., D'Ambrosio, M., Pellizzola, D., Zampini, M. A., Frezzati, E., Mari, E., Raminelli, E., Gaiti, D., Bosi, E. A., Chierici, G., Pilla, S., Copelli, M., Zanichelli, P., Bertelli, L., Caretta, P., Vezzani, V., Bodecchi, S., Longobucco, A., Di Lembo, S., Spotti, E., Carrai, E., Degli Innocenti, A., Manini, L., Persico, R., Rossi, C., Magro, G., Marelli, G., Vilei, V., Andrioli, M., Bellato, L., Fedeli, M., Merlini, A., Pinelli, G., Marin, G., Contin, M. L., Gallo, A., Parlato, P., Pecchielan, W., Jacovacci, J., Placentino, G., Richini, D., Molinari, S., Strazzeri, R., Fabbri, T., Di Bartolo, P., Garrapa, G., D'Incau, F., Lagomanzini, P., Conte, P., Todesco, F., Foglini, P., Pantanetti, P., Bedetta, C., Maricotti, R., Tomasi, F., Monesi, M., Graziani, R., Beretta, F., Penna, L., Guberti, A., Dazzi, D., Forte, E., Gasbarrone, A., Marrocco, T., Moschetta, R., Tuccinardi, F., De Meo, F., Coppola, A., Pirolozzi, P., Placitelli, E., Vallefuoco, R., Catone, B., Ceschia, S., Urban, M., Fabbri, F., Torresani, M., Crovetto, R., Battistini, M., Carosia, P., Viviani, G. L., Durante, A., Pais, F., Lilliu, V., Quieto, C., D'Ugo, E., Squadrone, M., Amenduni, T., Iovannisci, M. M., Della Penna, L., Potente, F., Delle Donne, T., Massa, C., Ulisse, M. A., De Berardinis, F., Guarnieri, I., Pace, S., Splendiani, M., Di Giuseppe, R., Brunato, B., Assaloni, R., Muraro, R., Loro, R., Bucciol, S., Lavacca, C., Rossi, M., Sabbatini, G., Quadri, F., Sambuco, L., Santacroce, C., Paola Caretta, D., Marino, C., Micheletti, A., Petrelli, A., Corda, A., Pisano, L., Guaita, G., Deias, C., Trevisan, G., Coletti, I., Iannarelli, R., De Luca, A., Minnucci, A., Antenucci, D., Di Florio, C., Angelicola, G., Bosco, A., Fresco, R., Di Marco, G., Ugolotti, D., Cadossi, T., Di Caro, P., Mazzocchetti, M., Buzzetti, R., Leto, G., Gnessi, C., Cipolloni, L., Foffi, C., Moretti, C., Venditti, C., Meniconi, R., Bertoli, S., Cosimi, S., Di Cianni, G., Turco, A., Richini, A., Marconi, S., Sannino, C., Lemmi, P., Giuntoli, S., Manfrè, N., Giannini, F., Di Carlo, A., Casadidio, I., Melandri, P., Maolo, G., Polenta, B., Piccinini, N., Vincenti, C., Pastore, N., Mega, P., Magurano, E., Cananiello, A., Francescutto, C. A., Brussa Toi, E., Gaspardo, G., Angeli, L., Ronchese, L., Sciangula, L., Ciucci, A., Contartese, A., Banfi, E., Castelli, E., Tatti, P., Bloise, D., Di Mauro, P., Masselli, L., Lo Presti, A., Scarpitta, A. M., Gambina, F., Venezia, A., Morea, R., Lagonigro, G., Copeta, G., Iannucci, V., Milano, V., Trupo, M., Lochmann, A., Marchetto, P. E., Incelli, G., De Paola, G., Steiger, M. M., Gamper, M. A., Breitenberger, S., Holzner, M., Frischmann, J., Lambiase, C., Di Vece, T., D'Aniello, M., Fezza, M., Giordano, C., Leo, F., Saitta, G., Cucinotta, D., Di Vieste, G., Pintaudi, B., Mancuso, T., Musacchio, N., Giancaterini, A., Pessina, L., Salis, G., Schivalocchi, F., Testori, G., Cerutti, N., Morpugo, P. S., Cavaletto, M. L., Bonino, G., Morreale, F., Mariani, G., Ragonesi, P. D., Bollati, P., Colapinto, P., Falqui, L., Bortolato, L., Cosma, A., Pistolato, P., Centenaro, B., Ceccato, A., Campobasso, G., Zaurino, F., Mazzotta, G., Manti, R., Da Ros, R., Carlucci, S., Narduzzi, L., Bortolotto, D., D'Acunto, L., Stanic, L., Volpi, A., Cospite, A. M., Manicardi, V., Michelini, M., Finardi, L., Borghi, F., Manicardi, E., Lombardi, S., Tommasi, C., Iaccarino, M., Cozza, S., Binotto, M., Marini, F., Mecenero, I., Massignani, S., Stecco, P., Urbani, E., Massariol, W., Parolin, R., Gatti, A., Bonavita, M., Creso, E., Giannettino, R., Gobbo, M., Turco, S., Iovine, C., Riccardi, G., Iazzetta, N., Giannattasio, C., Egione, O., Galdieri, S., Velotti, A., Azzolina, A., Annicelli, G., Sorrentino, T., Gaeta, I., Zenari, L., Bertolini, L., Sorgato, C., Grippaldi, F., Stroppiana, M., Popolizio, R., Carbone, N., Grasso, S., Abate, S., Gaggero, G. C., Strazzabosco, M., Brun, E., Carlesi, G. P., Garrone, S., Cicalò, A. M., Clausi, C., Cau, R., Manconi, A., Carboni, A., Angius, M. F., Pinna, A. A., Caria, S., Filigheddu, G. D., Tonolo, G., Carta, I., Calebich, S., Burlotti, C., Saglietti, G., Schellino, A., Madau, G., Cossu, M., Mulas, F., Zoccheddu, S., Balsanelli, M., Fetonti, M., Rotolo, A., Sambo, P., Secchi, E., Angotzi, M. A., Loddoni, S., Brundu, I., Careddu, F., Becciu, A., Gabriella Piras, G., Novara, F., Cipro, F., Torchio, G., Palumbo, P., Bianchi, A., Colucci, G., La Motta, G., Tiengo, A., Avogaro, A., Bruttomesso, D., Crepaldi, C., Fadini, G., Guarnieri, G., Lavagnini, M. T., Maran, A., Vedovato, M., De Kreutzenberg, V., Fedele, D., Lapolla, A., Sartore, G., Bax, G., Cardone, C., Dalfrà, M. G., Masin, M., Toniato, R., Piarulli, Francesco, Mattina, G., Fulantelli, M. A., Gioia, D., Conti, M., Ridola, G., D'Agati, F., Grossi, G., Zavaroni, I., Dei Cas, A., Franzini, L., Usberti, E., Antonimi, M., Anelli, N., Poli, R., Ridolfi, V., Michela, M., Haddoub, S., Prampolini, G., Muoio, A., Filippi, D., Bucci, F., Tardio, S. M., Calderini, M. C., Magotti, M. G., Quarantelli, C., Vernazza, M. A., Carolfi, A., Saracca, R., Picchio, E., Del Sindaco, P., Spalluto, A., Maggiulli, L., Torreggiani, V., Rastelletti, S., Ugolini, C., Pucci, N., Magi, S., Muratori, S., La Penna, G., Consoli, A., Galeone, F., Magiar, A. V., Gherardini, V., Moretti, L., Bientinesi, M., Landi, L., Bernardi, A., Del Prato, S., Miccoli, R., Bianchi, C., Penno, G., Venditti, F., Anichini, R., De Bellis, A., Bruschi, T., Butelli, L., Gioffredi, M., Gori, R., Picciafuochi, R., Malagoli, R., Bernini, A., Gelisio, R., Zanon, M., Del Bianco, A., Bamiston, A., Signorato, M., Citro, G., Calabrese, M., Ianni, L., Lorenzetti, M., Marsocci, A., Guizzotti, S., Memoli, G., Cabasino, F., Farci, F., Atzori, A., Sanna, A., Ghiani, M., Siotto, I., Sedda, M., Manis, A., Loddo, C., Loddo, I., Seguro, P., Cuomo, A., Orlando, L., Olanda, G. B., Pucci, A., Massenzo, M., Sardu, C., Perrone, G., Corazziere, F., La Puzza, I., Tripodi, P. F., Riggio, S., Giampaolo, A., Mannino, D., Aleandri, A. R., Guidi, M. V., Battisti, B., Faraglia, M. R., Lilli, V., Leotta, S., Visalli, N., Gagliardi, A., Fontana, L., Altomare, M., Carletti, S., Abbruzzese, S., Chiaramonte, F., Giordano, R., Rossini, M., Migneco, G., Cappelloni, D., Urbani, A., Piergiovanni, F., Simonetta, A., Massimiani, F., Bulzomì, R., Giuliano, M., Pennafina, M. G., Di Perna, P., D'Accinni, M. P., Paolucci, D., D'Ubaldi, A., D'Angelo, M. T., Masaro, G., Pietrantoni, M., Fratini, M., La Rosa, R., Poggi, M., Piccirilli, F., Pisano, R., Saponara, C., Conforti, I., Penza, A., Scalpone, R., Lo Pinto, S., Iacovella, L., Caccamo, C., Sposito, S., Teodonio, C., Restuccia, M. G., Mirto, G., Girardello, R., Gennaro, R., De Moliner, L., Bettini, E., Mattuzzi, A., Speese, K., Frisinghelli, F., Locatelli, F., Nicoletti, M., Trojan, N., Centis, R., L Volsi, P., Levis, E., Zanette, G., Comba, G., Ballatore, L., Cattaneo, A., Aglialoro, A., Guido, R., Patrone, M., Zecchini, M., Clementi, L., Galetta, M., Marconi, V., Bordin, P., Perale, L., Vinci, C., Sira Zanon, M., Geretto, L., Toffolo, C., Furlan, M. G., Mazzanti, G., Vinci, M., Sica, V., Armeni, M., Derai, R., Ennas, O., Mamusa, S., Pisano, M. A., Carreras, L., Rauseo, A., Cervone, S., Leggieri, A., Pontonio, M., Sturaro, R., Quattrocchi, F., Molinaro, M., Trasatti, M., Ferretti, B., Labarile, G., Baule, G. M., Gentilini, A., Spanu, M. A., Fancellu, A., Bianco, P., Lione, L., Massazza, G., Bocchio, G., Bosco, E., Monachesi, M., Carta, G., Boschetti, M., Ceresola, E., Venier, E., Calcaterra, F., Cataldi, F., Miola, M., Manfrini, S., Lai, A., Locci, B., Putzu, D., Tanganelli, I., Leonini, M., Egger, K., Marchiotto, W., Vincis, L., Orlandini, V., Pilloni, C., Farci, R., Pelligra, I., Renier, G., Mameli, M., Pala, A., Devigus, E., Fumagalli, I., Lalli, C., Leandri, M., Agliani, M., De Pascalis, L., Malci, F., De Ciocchis, A., Diodati, M. B., Macerola, B., Davì, S., Caccavale, A., Brocato, L., Pognant Gros, M., Borla, S., Lattanzi, E., Piersanti, C., Piersanti, A., Spinelli, I., Tuzzoli, L., Tulini, V., Quaranta, G., Iorio, V., Tirabovi, M., De Terlizi, Candia, Massarelli, M. G., Venturi, S., Travaglini, A., Draghi, P., Pomante, P., Richiardi, L., Clerico, A., Bruno, A., Cavallo Perin, P., Ghigo, E., Porta, M., Scuntero, P., Arcari, R., Bertaina, S., Bo, S., Broglio, F., Bruno, G., Degiovanni, M., Fornengo, P., Grassi, G., Inglese, V., Maccario, M., Maghenzani, G., Marena, S., Martina, V., Passera, P., Ruiu, G., Tagliabue, M., Zanone, M., Monge, M., Boffano, G. M., Macrì, K., Maio, P., Ozzello, A., Pergolizzi, E., Gaia, D., Gennari, P., Micali, G., Rossetto, E., Dalmazzo, C., Oreglia, M., Stefani, T., Dossena, C., Paglia, P., Bosoni, S., Romanelli, T., Inchiostro, S., Dauriz, M., Bossi, C. A., Meregalli, G., Balini, A., Berzi, D., Filippini, B., Crotto, G., Paccagnella, A., Orrasch, M., Sambataro, M., Citro, T., Kiwanuka, E., Bagolin, E., Almoto, B., Macchia, A., Branca, M. T., Filesi, M., Candido, R., Caroli, E., Manca, E., Petrucco, A., Tommasi, E., Jagodnik, G., Baskar, B., Daris, N., Dal Col, P., Pellegrini, M. A., Tonutti, L., Venturini, G., Andreani, M., Turchi, F., Fedrighelli, F., Martinelli, G., Rongioletti, R., Candidi, M., Pais, M., Moro, E., Cervellino, F., Sinisi, R., Zampino, A., Mingardi, R., Lora, L., Reitano, R., Stocchiero, C., Simoncini, M., Mesturino, C. A., Zen, F., Di Pietro, S., Scoponi, C., Tilaro, L., Pelliccioni, S., Slongo, R., Vita, E., Garofalo, A., Vitale, F., Campanella, B., Mastrilli, V., Borrelli, T., D'Avino, A., Perbellini, A., Mirijello, A, Viazzi, F, Fioretto, P, Giorda, C, Ceriello, A, Russo, G, Guida, P, Pontremoli, R, De Cosmo, S, Cimino, A, Fava, D, Meloncelli, I, Nicolucci, A, Pellegrini, F, Rossi, M, Turco, S, Vespasiani, G, Graziano, G, Lucisano, G, Memmo, R, Pellicciotta, E, Paciotti, V, Pupillo, M, Armentano, G, Giovannini, C, Armentano, V, Laudato, M, Acquati, S, Ciardullo, A, Laffi, G, Felace, G, Taboga, C, Tortul, C, Santantonio, G, Suraci, C, Ghisoni, G, Raffa, M, Genovese, S, Lovagnini-Scher, C, Rampini, P, Rocca, A, Ruggeri, P, Tortato, E, Cotti, L, Cristofaro, M, Tagliaferri, M, Comoglio, M, Fornengo, R, Gentile, F, Gigante, A, Mastinu, F, Di Benedetto, A, Pata, P, Arcangeli, A, Orsini, P, Acler, P, De Blasi, G, Cicioni, G, Pocciati, S, Marangoni, A, Nogara, A, Lanero, M, Bertero, M, Damassino, R, Bergonzini, C, Schumtz, L, Seksich, L, Pipitone, A, Boaretto, M, Manfroi, I, Parmesan, L, Conte, B, Soccol, F, Pagano, A, Papini, E, Rinaldi, R, Petrucci, L, Graziano, F, Chianelli, M, Silvagni, S, Rosco, M, Ansaldi, E, Malvicino, F, Battezzati, M, Maresca, P, Palenzona, C, Boemi, M, Rabini, R, Brandoni, G, Lanari, L, Gatti, C, Testa, I, Cherubini, V, Doveri, G, Pecorelli, L, Ciccarelli, A, Gallardini, M, Courthoud, R, Sara Bredy, S, Ricciardi, G, Vitalone, G, Setti, D, Contrini, P, Corsi, A, Ghigliotti, V, Oddone, G, Ponzani, P, Valbonesi, G, Mazzini, V, Di Berardino, P, Colleluori, P, Montani, V, Trosini, V, Velussi, M, Alfidi, P, Verdecchia, B, Baliva, L, Di Pietro, A, Franchi, G, Luce, R, Pianta, A, Ferrari, M, Balzano, S, Beltranello, G, Dal Fabbro, S, Arico, C, Cervo, L, Zanon, R, Rossa, S, Di Pace, M, Ciavarella, A, Giangiulio, S, Grimaldi, M, Mustacchio, A, Fattor, B, Monauni, T, Cristini, M, Orion, G, Crazzolara, D, Amor, F, Eisath, J, Lintner, S, Garavelli, S, Calari, T, Marini, P, Sandri, O, Scala, M, Stroppa, C, Trentin, A, Carlin, R, Carli, B, Sandona, M, Zortea, C, Bonet, L, Pradel, L, Reato, S, Buschini, M, Bonfiglioli, D, Mones, D, Beldi, F, Morea, A, Bondesan, L, Perbellini, S, Valentini, U, Agosti, B, Corsini, R, Girelli, A, Zarra, E, Rocca, L, Bergmann, M, Pradi, I, Unterkircher, S, Piok, M, Pichler, M, Trinchera, A, Palama, G, Palma, P, Carboni, L, Murtas, M, Mudadu, T, Turco, M, Floris, M, Delogu, A, Farris, L, Songini, M, Piras, G, Seguro, R, Floris, R, Corona, G, Lai, M, Piras, E, Contini, P, Cocco, S, Pilosu, R, Sannia, M, Spanu, F, Busciantella Ricci, N, Cartechini, M, Agostinelli, G, Fiorelli, C, Nuzzi, A, Ballauri, C, Lesina, A, Romeo, F, Giudici, G, Maciejewska, E, Deroma, A, Paduano, M, Rossi, L, Vagnini, C, Dolci, M, Mori, M, Baccetti, F, Gregori, G, Straface, E, Pozzuoli, G, Barone, M, Stasio, G, Tondini, S, Borgoni, F, Grosso, J, Scarsellato, C, Sciulli, A, De Marco, F, Confortin, L, Marin, N, Lamonica, M, Gialdino, S, Borzi, V, Gatta, C, Rapisard, R, Strano, S, Calabro, M, Puccio, L, Zolli, M, Coracina, A, Starnone, V, Del Buono, A, Terracciano, A, Monda, M, Castro, F, Guaglianone, A, Maccari, V, Corsi, L, Versari, G, Falivene, M, Boletto, N, Corsi, S, Marafetti, L, Vitacolonna, E, Capani, F, Caputo, L, Di Nisio, L, Simonetti, F, Boscolo Bariga, A, Ballarin, G, De Boni, S, Di Benedetto, S, Chiambretti, A, Di Vito, L, Pascuzzo, M, Urli, P, Rumi, P, Balzarini, B, Galli, P, Castellan, M, Giannetti, A, Russotti, C, De Blasi, A, Perna, A, Campanelli, C, Ranchelli, A, Biccheri, D, Dadi, G, Massa, L, Baldi, G, Sciacca, F, Costanzo, E, Spada, M, Paolini, G, Ziller, P, Portolan, F, Pasolini, G, Ghilardi, G, Fiorina, P, Grata, M, Capretti, L, Speroni, G, Fugazza, L, Massafra, C, Lovagnini Scher, A, Cimicchi, M, Percudani, C, Risolo, T, Sacco, P, Gidoni Guarnieri, G, Piccolo, D, Bravin, C, De Noni, E, Scarpel, M, Marcon, M, Giacon, F, Panebianco, G, Tadiotto, F, Da Tos, V, D'Ambrosio, M, Pellizzola, D, Zampini, M, Frezzati, E, Mari, E, Raminelli, E, Gaiti, D, Bosi, E, Chierici, G, Pilla, S, Copelli, M, Zanichelli, P, Bertelli, L, Caretta, P, Vezzani, V, Bodecchi, S, Longobucco, A, Di Lembo, S, Spotti, E, Carrai, E, Degli Innocenti, A, Manini, L, Persico, R, Rossi, C, Magro, G, Marelli, G, Vilei, V, Andrioli, M, Bellato, L, Fedeli, M, Merlini, A, Pinelli, G, Marin, G, Contin, M, Gallo, A, Parlato, P, Pecchielan, W, Jacovacci, J, Placentino, G, Richini, D, Molinari, S, Strazzeri, R, Fabbri, T, Di Bartolo, P, Garrapa, G, D'Incau, F, Lagomanzini, P, Conte, P, Todesco, F, Foglini, P, Pantanetti, P, Bedetta, C, Maricotti, R, Tomasi, F, Monesi, M, Graziani, R, Beretta, F, Penna, L, Guberti, A, Dazzi, D, Forte, E, Gasbarrone, A, Marrocco, T, Moschetta, R, Tuccinardi, F, De Meo, F, Coppola, A, Pirolozzi, P, Placitelli, E, Vallefuoco, R, Catone, B, Ceschia, S, Urban, M, Fabbri, F, Torresani, M, Crovetto, R, Battistini, M, Carosia, P, Viviani, G, Durante, A, Pais, F, Lilliu, V, Quieto, C, D'Ugo, E, Squadrone, M, Amenduni, T, Iovannisci, M, Della Penna, L, Potente, F, Delle Donne, T, Massa, C, Ulisse, M, De Berardinis, S, Guarnieri, I, Pace, S, Splendiani, M, Di Giuseppe, R, Brunato, B, Assaloni, R, Muraro, R, Loro, R, Bucciol, S, Lavacca, C, Sabbatini, G, Quadri, F, Sambuco, L, Santacroce, C, Paola Caretta, D, Marino, C, Micheletti, A, Petrelli, A, Corda, A, Pisano, L, Guaita, G, Deias, C, Trevisan, G, Coletti, I, Iannarelli, R, De Luca, A, Minnucci, A, Antenucci, D, Di Florio, C, Angelicola, G, Bosco, A, Fresco, R, Di Marco, G, Ugolotti, D, Cadossi, T, Di Caro, P, Mazzocchetti, M, Buzzetti, R, Leto, G, Gnessi, C, Cipolloni, L, Foffi, C, Moretti, C, Venditti, C, Meniconi, R, Bertoli, S, Cosimi, S, Di Cianni, G, Turco, A, Richini, A, Marconi, S, Sannino, C, Lemmi, P, Giuntoli, S, Manfre, N, Giannini, F, Di Carlo, A, Casadidio, I, Melandri, P, Maolo, G, Polenta, B, Piccinini, N, Vincenti, C, Pastore, N, Mega, P, Magurano, E, Cananiello, A, Francescutto, C, Brussa Toi, E, Gaspardo, G, Angeli, L, Ronchese, L, Sciangula, L, Ciucci, A, Contartese, A, Banfi, E, Castelli, E, Tatti, P, Bloise, D, Di Mauro, P, Masselli, L, Lo Presti, A, Scarpitta, A, Gambina, F, Venezia, A, Morea, R, Lagonigro, G, Copeta, G, Iannucci, V, Milano, V, Trupo, M, Lochmann, A, Marchetto, P, Incelli, G, De Paola, G, Steiger, M, Gamper, M, Breitenberger, S, Holzner, M, Frischmann, J, Lambiase, C, Di Vece, T, D'Aniello, M, Fezza, M, Giordano, C, Leo, F, Saitta, G, Cucinotta, D, Di Vieste, G, Pintaudi, B, Mancuso, T, Musacchio, N, Giancaterini, A, Pessina, L, Salis, G, Schivalocchi, F, Testori, G, Cerutti, N, Morpugo, P, Cavaletto, M, Bonino, G, Morreale, F, Mariani, G, Ragonesi, P, Bollati, P, Colapinto, P, Falqui, L, Bortolato, L, Cosma, A, Pistolato, P, Centenaro, B, Ceccato, A, Campobasso, G, Zaurino, F, Mazzotta, G, Manti, R, Da Ros, R, Carlucci, S, Narduzzi, L, Bortolotto, D, D'Acunto, L, Stanic, L, Volpi, A, Cospite, A, Manicardi, V, Michelini, M, Finardi, L, Borghi, F, Manicardi, E, Lombardi, S, Tommasi, C, Iaccarino, M, Cozza, S, Binotto, M, Marini, F, Mecenero, I, Massignani, S, Stecco, P, Urbani, E, Massariol, W, Parolin, R, Gatti, A, Bonavita, M, Creso, E, Giannettino, R, Gobbo, M, Iovine, C, Riccardi, G, Iazzetta, N, Giannattasio, C, Egione, O, Galdieri, S, Velotti, A, Azzolina, A, Annicelli, G, Sorrentino, T, Gaeta, I, Zenari, L, Bertolini, L, Sorgato, C, Grippaldi, F, Stroppiana, M, Popolizio, R, Carbone, N, Grasso, S, Abate, S, Gaggero, G, Strazzabosco, M, Brun, E, Carlesi, G, Garrone, S, Cicalo, A, Clausi, C, Cau, R, Manconi, A, Carboni, A, Angius, M, Pinna, A, Caria, S, Filigheddu, G, Tonolo, G, Carta, I, Calebich, S, Burlotti, C, Saglietti, G, Schellino, A, Madau, G, Cossu, M, Mulas, F, Zoccheddu, S, Balsanelli, M, Fetonti, M, Rotolo, A, Sambo, P, Secchi, E, Angotzi, M, Loddoni, S, Brundu, I, Careddu, F, Becciu, A, Gabriella Piras, G, Novara, F, Cipro, F, Torchio, G, Palumbo, P, Bianchi, A, Colucci, G, La Motta, G, Tiengo, A, Avogaro, A, Bruttomesso, D, Crepaldi, C, Fadini, G, Guarnieri, G, Lavagnini, M, Maran, A, Vedovato, M, De Kreutzenberg, V, Fedele, D, Lapolla, A, Sartore, G, Bax, G, Cardone, C, Dalfra, M, Masin, M, Toniato, R, Piarulli, F, Mattina, G, Fulantelli, M, Gioia, D, Conti, M, Ridola, G, D'Agati, F, Grossi, G, Zavaroni, I, Dei Cas, A, Franzini, L, Usberti, E, Antonimi, M, Anelli, N, Poli, R, Ridolfi, V, Michela, M, Haddoub, S, Prampolini, G, Muoio, A, Filippi, D, Bucci, F, Tardio, S, Calderini, M, Magotti, M, Quarantelli, C, Vernazza, M, Carolfi, A, Saracca, R, Picchio, E, Del Sindaco, P, Spalluto, A, Maggiulli, L, Torreggiani, V, Rastelletti, S, Ugolini, C, Pucci, N, Magi, S, Muratori, S, La Penna, G, Consoli, A, Galeone, F, Magiar, A, Gherardini, V, Moretti, L, Bientinesi, M, Landi, L, Bernardi, A, Del Prato, S, Miccoli, R, Bianchi, C, Penno, G, Venditti, F, Anichini, R, De Bellis, A, Bruschi, T, Butelli, L, Gioffredi, M, Gori, R, Picciafuochi, R, Malagoli, R, Bernini, A, Gelisio, R, Zanon, M, Del Bianco, A, Bamiston, A, Signorato, M, Citro, G, Calabrese, M, Ianni, L, Lorenzetti, M, Marsocci, A, Guizzotti, S, Memoli, G, Cabasino, F, Farci, F, Atzori, A, Sanna, A, Ghiani, M, Siotto, I, Sedda, M, Manis, A, Loddo, C, Loddo, I, Seguro, P, Cuomo, A, Orlando, L, Olanda, G, Pucci, A, Massenzo, M, Sardu, C, Perrone, G, Corazziere, F, La Puzza, I, Tripodi, P, Riggio, S, Giampaolo, A, Mannino, D, Aleandri, A, Guidi, M, Battisti, B, Faraglia, M, Lilli, V, Leotta, S, Visalli, N, Gagliardi, A, Fontana, L, Altomare, M, Carletti, S, Abbruzzese, S, Chiaramonte, F, Giordano, R, Rossini, M, Migneco, G, Cappelloni, D, Urbani, A, Piergiovanni, F, Simonetta, A, Massimiani, F, Bulzomi, R, Giuliano, M, Pennafina, M, Di Perna, P, D'Accinni, M, Paolucci, D, D'Ubaldi, A, D'Angelo, M, Masaro, G, Pietrantoni, M, Fratini, M, La Rosa, R, Poggi, M, Piccirilli, F, Pisano, R, Saponara, C, Conforti, I, Penza, A, Scalpone, R, Lo Pinto, S, Iacovella, L, Caccamo, C, Sposito, S, Teodonio, C, Restuccia, M, Mirto, G, Girardello, R, Gennaro, R, De Moliner, L, Bettini, E, Mattuzzi, A, Speese, K, Frisinghelli, F, Locatelli, F, Nicoletti, M, Trojan, N, Centis, R, L Volsi, P, Levis, E, Zanette, G, Comba, G, Ballatore, L, Cattaneo, A, Aglialoro, A, Guido, R, Patrone, M, Zecchini, M, Clementi, L, Galetta, M, Marconi, V, Bordin, P, Perale, L, Vinci, C, Sira Zanon, M, Geretto, L, Toffolo, C, Furlan, M, Mazzanti, G, Vinci, M, Sica, V, Armeni, M, Derai, R, Ennas, O, Mamusa, S, Pisano, M, Carreras, L, Rauseo, A, Cervone, S, Leggieri, A, Pontonio, M, Sturaro, R, Quattrocchi, F, Molinaro, M, Trasatti, M, Ferretti, B, Labarile, G, Baule, G, Gentilini, A, Spanu, M, Fancellu, A, Bianco, P, Lione, L, Massazza, G, Bocchio, G, Bosco, E, Monachesi, M, Carta, G, Boschetti, M, Ceresola, E, Venier, E, Calcaterra, F, Cataldi, F, Miola, M, Manfrini, S, Lai, A, Locci, B, Putzu, D, Tanganelli, I, Leonini, M, Egger, K, Marchiotto, W, Vincis, L, Orlandini, V, Pilloni, C, Farci, R, Pelligra, I, Renier, G, Mameli, M, Pala, A, Devigus, E, Fumagalli, I, Lalli, C, Leandri, M, Agliani, M, De Pascalis, L, Malci, F, De Ciocchis, A, Diodati, M, Macerola, B, Davi, S, Caccavale, A, Brocato, L, Pognant Gros, M, Borla, S, Lattanzi, E, Piersanti, C, Piersanti, A, Spinelli, I, Tuzzoli, L, Tulini, V, Quaranta, G, Iorio, V, Tirabovi, M, De Terlizi, C, Massarelli, M, Venturi, S, Travaglini, A, Draghi, P, Pomante, P, Richiardi, L, Clerico, A, Bruno, A, Cavallo Perin, P, Ghigo, E, Porta, M, Scuntero, P, Arcari, R, Bertaina, S, Bo, S, Broglio, F, Bruno, G, Degiovanni, M, Fornengo, P, Grassi, G, Inglese, V, Maccario, M, Maghenzani, G, Marena, S, Martina, V, Passera, P, Ruiu, G, Tagliabue, M, Zanone, M, Monge, M, Boffano, G, Macri, K, Maio, P, Ozzello, A, Pergolizzi, E, Gaia, D, Gennari, P, Micali, G, Rossetto, E, Dalmazzo, C, Oreglia, M, Stefani, T, Dossena, C, Paglia, P, Bosoni, S, Romanelli, T, Inchiostro, S, Dauriz, M, Bossi, C, Meregalli, G, Balini, A, Berzi, D, Filippini, B, Crotto, G, Paccagnella, A, Orrasch, M, Sambataro, M, Citro, T, Kiwanuka, E, Bagolin, E, Almoto, B, Macchia, A, Branca, M, Filesi, M, Candido, R, Caroli, E, Manca, E, Petrucco, A, Tommasi, E, Jagodnik, G, Baskar, B, Daris, N, Dal Col, P, Pellegrini, M, Tonutti, L, Venturini, G, Andreani, M, Turchi, F, Fedrighelli, F, Martinelli, G, Rongioletti, R, Candidi, M, Pais, M, Moro, E, Cervellino, F, Sinisi, R, Zampino, A, Mingardi, R, Lora, L, Reitano, R, Stocchiero, C, Simoncini, M, Mesturino, C, Zen, F, Di Pietro, S, Scoponi, C, Tilaro, L, Pelliccioni, S, Slongo, R, Vita, E, Garofalo, A, Vitale, F, Campanella, B, Mastrilli, V, Borrelli, T, D'Avino, A, and Perbellini, A

Subjects
Albuminuria, Diabetic kidney disease, GFR, Albuminuria, Diabetic kidney disease, GFR, Nephrology
Abstract

Background: Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the development of stage ≥3 CKD has been less explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of kidney disease measures, namely albuminuria and reduced GFR, on the development of stage ≥3 CKD in a large cohort of patients affected by T1DM. Methods: A total of 4284 patients affected by T1DM followed-up at 76 diabetes centers participating to the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (Associazione Medici Diabetologi, AMD) initiative constitutes the study population. Urinary albumin excretion (ACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were retrieved and analyzed. The incidence of stage ≥3 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or eGFR reduction > 30% from baseline was evaluated. Results: The mean estimated GFR was 98 ± 17 mL/min/1.73m2 and the proportion of patients with albuminuria was 15.3% (n = 654) at baseline. About 8% (n = 337) of patients developed one of the two renal endpoints during the 4-year follow-up period. Age, albuminuria (micro or macro) and baseline eGFR < 90 ml/min/m2 were independent risk factors for stage ≥3 CKD and renal function worsening. When compared to patients with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and normoalbuminuria, those with albuminuria at baseline had a 1.69 greater risk of reaching stage 3 CKD, while patients with mild eGFR reduction (i.e. eGFR between 90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) show a 3.81 greater risk that rose to 8.24 for those patients with albuminuria and mild eGFR reduction at baseline. Conclusions: Albuminuria and eGFR reduction represent independent risk factors for incident stage ≥3 CKD in T1DM patients. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced eGFR and albuminuria have a synergistic effect on renal function worsening.

Published
2018

46. V.4.1 Nora

Author

Bonetto, J., Botto, M., Picciau, M., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Fenici, Cartagine, Nora
Published
2019

47. Nora. La necropoli punica

Author

Bonetto J., Botto M., Puddu M., and Salis G.

Subjects
necropoli punica, tombe a camera, Nora, inumazione
Abstract

La necropoli punica doveva essere composta da un numero di spazi per l'inumazione vicino o pari alle 90 unità. La configurazione architettonica delle camere appare molto semplice con pozzi rettangolari che si allargano perlopiù su un solo o più lati in piccole stanze di alcuni metri quadrati. I ricchi corredi, composti da materiale eterogeneo che illustra la ricca e stratificata società norense di età cartaginese, parlano di un'apertura ai commerci mediterranei soprattutto per il tramite diretto di Cartagine. Grazie ai materiali recuperati sappiamo che la necropoli orientale venne frequentata dalla metà del V alla fine del III sec. a.C. Una seconda necropoli punica a camera è stata di recente (2013-2018) individuata nell'estremo lembo nord-occidentale dell'istmo ed è attualmente in corso di scavo.

Published
2019

48. V.4.1.1 La necropoli fenicia

Author

Bonetto, J., Botto, Massimo, and Salis, G.

Subjects
Cartagine, Sardegna, Fenici, necropoli
Published
2019

49. V.4.1.2 La necropoli punica

Author

Bonetto, J., Botto, M., Puddu, M., and Salis, G.

Subjects
Punici, Cartagine, necropoli
Published
2019

50. Nora. La necropoli fenicia

Author

Bonetto J., Botto M., and Salis G.

Subjects
incinerazione, necropoli fenicia, Nora
Abstract

Collocata sull'istmo, in un'area periferica all'abitato successivamente occupata dalla necropoli punica e da essa comunque in parte risparmiata, si compone di poco più di una decina di sepolture databili fra la prima metà del VII e la metà ca. del VI secolo.

Published
2019

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