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4. Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Author

Tavares, Julia Valentim, Oliveira, Rafael S., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Signori-Müller, Caroline, Pereira, Luciano, Diniz, Francisco Carvalho, Gilpin, Martin, Marca Zevallos, Manuel J., Salas Yupayccana, Carlos A., Acosta, Martin, Pérez Mullisaca, Flor M., Barros, Fernanda de V., Bittencourt, Paulo, Jancoski, Halina, Scalon, Marina Corrêa, Marimon, Beatriz S., Oliveras Menor, Imma, Marimon, Jr, Ben Hur, Fancourt, Max, Chambers-Ostler, Alexander, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Rowland, Lucy, Meir, Patrick, Lola da Costa, Antonio Carlos, Nina, Alex, Sanchez, Jesus M. B., Tintaya, Jose S., Chino, Rudi S. C., Baca, Jean, Fernandes, Leticia, Cumapa, Edwin R. M., Santos, João Antônio R., Teixeira, Renata, Tello, Ligia, Ugarteche, Maira T. M., Cuellar, Gina A., Martinez, Franklin, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Almeida, Everton, da Cruz, Wesley Jonatar Alves, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Aragāo, Luís, Baker, Timothy R., de Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Brienen, Roel, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Cosio, Eric G., Davila Cardozo, Nallaret, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, Disney, Mathias, Espejo, Javier Silva, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Giacomin, Leandro, Higuchi, Niro, Hirota, Marina, Honorio, Euridice, Huaraca Huasco, Walter, Lewis, Simon, Flores Llampazo, Gerardo, Malhi, Yadvinder, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Morandi, Paulo, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Muscarella, Robert, Penha, Deliane, Rocha, Mayda Cecília, Rodrigues, Gleicy, Ruschel, Ademir R., Salinas, Norma, Schlickmann, Monique, Silveira, Marcos, Talbot, Joey, Vásquez, Rodolfo, Vedovato, Laura, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Phillips, Oliver L., Gloor, Emanuel, and Galbraith, David R.

Published
2023
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5. Informing trait-based ecology by assessing remotely sensed functional diversity across a broad tropical temperature gradient

Author

Durán, Sandra M, Martin, Roberta E, Díaz, Sandra, Maitner, Brian S, Malhi, Yadvinder, Salinas, Norma, Shenkin, Alexander, Silman, Miles R, Wieczynski, Daniel J, Asner, Gregory P, Bentley, Lisa Patrick, Savage, Van M, and Enquist, Brian J

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Ecological Applications, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Forestry Sciences, Clinical Research, Life Below Water, Biodiversity, Remote Sensing Technology, Temperature, Tropical Climate
Abstract

Spatially continuous data on functional diversity will improve our ability to predict global change impacts on ecosystem properties. We applied methods that combine imaging spectroscopy and foliar traits to estimate remotely sensed functional diversity in tropical forests across an Amazon-to-Andes elevation gradient (215 to 3537 m). We evaluated the scale dependency of community assembly processes and examined whether tropical forest productivity could be predicted by remotely sensed functional diversity. Functional richness of the community decreased with increasing elevation. Scale-dependent signals of trait convergence, consistent with environmental filtering, play an important role in explaining the range of trait variation within each site and along elevation. Single- and multitrait remotely sensed measures of functional diversity were important predictors of variation in rates of net and gross primary productivity. Our findings highlight the potential of remotely sensed functional diversity to inform trait-based ecology and trait diversity-ecosystem function linkages in hyperdiverse tropical forests.

Published
2019

6. Functional susceptibility of tropical forests to climate change

Author

Aguirre‐Gutiérrez, Jesús, Berenguer, Erika, Oliveras Menor, Imma, Bauman, David, Corral-Rivas, Jose Javier, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Both, Sabine, Ndong, Josué Edzang, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Bengone, Natacha N’ssi, Mihinhou, Vianet, Dalling, James W., Heineman, Katherine, Figueiredo, Axa, González-M, Roy, Norden, Natalia, Hurtado-M, Ana Belén, González, Diego, Salgado-Negret, Beatriz, Reis, Simone Matias, Moraes de Seixas, Marina Maria, Farfan-Rios, William, Shenkin, Alexander, Riutta, Terhi, Girardin, Cécile A. J., Moore, Sam, Abernethy, Kate, Asner, Gregory P., Bentley, Lisa Patrick, Burslem, David F.R.P., Cernusak, Lucas A., Enquist, Brian J., Ewers, Robert M., Ferreira, Joice, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Joly, Carlos A., Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Martin, Roberta E., Morandi, Paulo S., Phillips, Oliver L., Bennett, Amy C., Lewis, Simon L., Quesada, Carlos A., Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Kissling, W. Daniel, Silman, Miles, Teh, Yit Arn, White, Lee J. T., Salinas, Norma, Coomes, David A., Barlow, Jos, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, and Malhi, Yadvinder

Published
2022
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9. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset

Author

Díaz, Sandra, Kattge, Jens, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Wright, Ian J., Lavorel, Sandra, Dray, Stéphane, Reu, Björn, Kleyer, Michael, Wirth, Christian, Prentice, I. Colin, Garnier, Eric, Bönisch, Gerhard, Westoby, Mark, Poorter, Hendrik, Reich, Peter B., Moles, Angela T., Dickie, John, Zanne, Amy E., Chave, Jérôme, Wright, S. Joseph, Sheremetiev, Serge N., Jactel, Hervé, Baraloto, Christopher, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Pierce, Simon, Shipley, Bill, Casanoves, Fernando, Joswig, Julia S., Günther, Angela, Falczuk, Valeria, Rüger, Nadja, Mahecha, Miguel D., Gorné, Lucas D., Amiaud, Bernard, Atkin, Owen K., Bahn, Michael, Baldocchi, Dennis, Beckmann, Michael, Blonder, Benjamin, Bond, William, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Brown, Kerry, Burrascano, Sabina, Byun, Chaeho, Campetella, Giandiego, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Chapin, III, F. Stuart, Choat, Brendan, Coomes, David Anthony, Cornwell, William K., Craine, Joseph, Craven, Dylan, Dainese, Matteo, de Araujo, Alessandro Carioca, de Vries, Franciska T., Domingues, Tomas Ferreira, Enquist, Brian J., Fagúndez, Jaime, Fang, Jingyun, Fernández-Méndez, Fernando, Fernandez-Piedade, Maria T., Ford, Henry, Forey, Estelle, Freschet, Gregoire T., Gachet, Sophie, Gallagher, Rachael, Green, Walton, Guerin, Greg R., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Harrison, Sandy P., Hattingh, Wesley Neil, He, Tianhua, Hickler, Thomas, Higgins, Steven I., Higuchi, Pedro, Ilic, Jugo, Jackson, Robert B., Jalili, Adel, Jansen, Steven, Koike, Fumito, König, Christian, Kraft, Nathan, Kramer, Koen, Kreft, Holger, Kühn, Ingolf, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Lamb, Eric G., Laughlin, Daniel C., Leishman, Michelle, Lewis, Simon, Louault, Frédérique, Malhado, Ana C. M., Manning, Peter, Meir, Patrick, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Messier, Julie, Miller, Regis, Minden, Vanessa, Molofsky, Jane, Montgomery, Rebecca, Montserrat-Martí, Gabriel, Moretti, Marco, Müller, Sandra, Niinemets, Ülo, Ogaya, Romà, Öllerer, Kinga, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Onoda, Yusuke, Ozinga, Wim A., Pausas, Juli G., Peco, Begoña, Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pladevall, Clara, Römermann, Christine, Sack, Lawren, Salinas, Norma, Sandel, Brody, Sardans, Jordi, Schamp, Brandon, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Schweingruber, Fritz, Shiodera, Satomi, Sosinski, Ênio, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda, Spasojevic, Marko J., Swaine, Emily, Swenson, Nathan, Tautenhahn, Susanne, Thompson, Ken, Totte, Alexia, Urrutia-Jalabert, Rocío, Valladares, Fernando, van Bodegom, Peter, Vasseur, François, Verheyen, Kris, Vile, Denis, Violle, Cyrille, von Holle, Betsy, Weigelt, Patrick, Weiher, Evan, Wiemann, Michael C., Williams, Mathew, Wright, Justin, and Zotz, Gerhard

Published
2022
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10. Capítulo 4: Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecológico en la Amazonía

Author

Moraes R., Mónica, additional, Correa, Sandra Bibiana, additional, Rodrigues da Costa Doria, Carolina, additional, Duponchelle, Fabrice, additional, Miranda, Guido, additional, Montoya, Mariana, additional, Phillips, Oliver L, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Silman, Miles, additional, Ulloa Ulloa, Carmen, additional, Zapata-Ríos, Galo, additional, Arieira, Julia, additional, and ter Steege, Hans, additional

Published
2022
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11. Capítulo 23: Impactos de la deforestación y el cambio climático sobre la biodiversidad, los procesos ecológicos y la adaptación ambiental

Author

Artaxo, Paulo, primary, Fonseca de Almeida-Val, Vera Maria, additional, Bilbao, Bibiana, additional, Brando, Paulo M, additional, Bustamante, Mercedes, additional, Coe, Michael T, additional, Correa, Sandra Bibiana, additional, Cuesta, Francisco, additional, Costa, Marcos H, additional, Miralles-Wilhem, Fernando, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Silvério, Divino Vicente, additional, and Val, Adalberto Luis, additional

Published
2022
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12. Functional rarity and evenness are key facets of biodiversity to boost multifunctionality

Author

Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Gross, Nicolas, Saiz, Hugo, Maestre, Fernando T., Ruiz, Sonia, Dacal, Marina, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Deschamps, Lucas, García, Carlos, Maire, Vincent, Milla, Rubén, Salinas, Norma, Wang, Juntao, Singh, Brajesh K., and García-Palacios, Pablo

Published
2021

13. Assessing trait‐based scaling theory in tropical forests spanning a broad temperature gradient

Author

Enquist, Brian J, Bentley, Lisa Patrick, Shenkin, Alexander, Maitner, Brian, Savage, Van, Michaletz, Sean, Blonder, Benjamin, Buzzard, Vanessa, Espinoza, Tatiana Erika Boza, Farfan‐Rios, William, Doughty, Christopher E, Goldsmith, Gregory R, Martin, Roberta E, Salinas, Norma, Silman, Miles, Díaz, Sandra, Asner, Gregory P, Malhi, Yadvinder, and Hampe, Arndt

Subjects
Climate Action, Amazon, Andes, ecosystem function, elevation gradient, metabolic scaling theory, scaling, stoichiometry, trait-based ecology, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Ecological Applications, Ecology
Abstract

Aim: Tropical elevation gradients are natural laboratories to assess how changing climate can influence tropical forests. However, there is a need for theory and integrated data collection to scale from traits to ecosystems. We assess predictions of a novel trait-based scaling theory, including whether observed shifts in forest traits across a broad tropical temperature gradient are consistent with local phenotypic optima and adaptive compensation for temperature. Location: An elevation gradient spanning 3,300 m and consisting of thousands of tropical tree trait measures taken from 16 1-ha tropical forest plots in southern Perú, where gross and net primary productivity (GPP and NPP) were measured. Time period: April to November 2013. Major taxa studied: Plants; tropical trees. Methods: We developed theory to scale from traits to communities and ecosystems and tested several predictions. We assessed the covariation between climate, traits, biomass and GPP and NPP. We measured multiple traits linked to variation in tree growth and assessed their frequency distributions within and across the elevation gradient. We paired these trait measures across individuals within 16 forests with simultaneous measures of ecosystem net and gross primary productivity. Results: Consistent with theory, variation in forest NPP and GPP primarily scaled with forest biomass, but the secondary effect of temperature on productivity was much less than expected. This weak temperature dependence appears to reflect directional shifts in several mean community traits that underlie tree growth with decreases in site temperature. Main conclusions: The observed shift in traits of trees that dominate in more cold environments is consistent with an ‘adaptive/acclimatory’ compensation for the kinetic effects of temperature on leaf photosynthesis and tree growth. Forest trait distributions across the gradient showed overly peaked and skewed distributions, consistent with the importance of local filtering of optimal growth traits and recent shifts in species composition and dominance attributable to warming from climate change. Trait-based scaling theory provides a basis to predict how shifts in climate have and will influence the trait composition and ecosystem functioning of tropical forests.

Published
2017

14. Peru’s zoning amendment endangers forests

Author

Martel, Carlos, primary, Mendieta-Leiva, Glenda, additional, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia C., additional, Cano, Asunción, additional, Cosio, Eric G., additional, Decock, Cony, additional, Farfan-Rios, William, additional, Feeley, Kenneth, additional, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice, additional, Huamantupa, Isau, additional, Ibañez, Alfredo J., additional, Koepcke de Diller, Juliane, additional, León, Blanca, additional, Linares-Palomino, Reynaldo, additional, Marcelo Peña, José L., additional, Millán, Betty, additional, Moat, Justin F., additional, Pennington, R. Toby, additional, Pitman, Nigel, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Rojas-VeraPinto, Roxana, additional, Stevenson, Philip C., additional, Tovar, Carolina, additional, Whaley, Oliver Q., additional, and Young, Kenneth R., additional

Published
2024
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16. Variation in leaf wettability traits along a tropical montane elevation gradient

Author

Goldsmith, Gregory R, Bentley, Lisa Patrick, Shenkin, Alexander, Salinas, Norma, Blonder, Benjamin, Martin, Roberta E, Castro‐Ccossco, Rosa, Chambi‐Porroa, Percy, Diaz, Sandra, Enquist, Brian J, Asner, Gregory P, and Malhi, Yadvinder

Subjects
Plant Biology, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Altitude, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Plant Leaves, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Rain, Species Specificity, Temperature, Tropical Climate, Water, Wettability, cloud forest, contact angle, drip tips, ecohydrology, foliar water uptake, functional traits, leaf hydrophobicity, leaf water repellency, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Plant Biology & Botany, Plant biology, Climate change impacts and adaptation, Ecological applications
Abstract

Leaf wetting is often considered to have negative effects on plant function, such that wet environments may select for leaves with certain leaf surface, morphological, and architectural traits that reduce leaf wettability. However, there is growing recognition that leaf wetting can have positive effects. We measured variation in two traits, leaf drip tips and leaf water repellency, in a series of nine tropical forest communities occurring along a 3300-m elevation gradient in southern Peru. To extend this climatic gradient, we also assembled published leaf water repellency values from 17 additional sites. We then tested hypotheses for how these traits should vary as a function of climate. Contrary to expectations, we found that the proportion of species with drip tips did not increase with increasing precipitation. Instead, drip tips increased with increasing temperature. Moreover, leaf water repellency was very low in our sites and the global analysis indicated high repellency only in sites with low precipitation and temperatures. Our findings suggest that drip tips and repellency may not solely reflect the negative effects of wetting on plant function. Understanding the drivers of leaf wettability traits can provide insight into the effects of leaf wetting on plant, community, and ecosystem function.

Published
2017

17. Pantropical modelling of canopy functional traits using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data

Author

Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús, Rifai, Sami, Shenkin, Alexander, Oliveras, Imma, Bentley, Lisa Patrick, Svátek, Martin, Girardin, Cécile A.J., Both, Sabine, Riutta, Terhi, Berenguer, Erika, Kissling, W. Daniel, Bauman, David, Raab, Nicolas, Moore, Sam, Farfan-Rios, William, Figueiredo, Axa Emanuelle Simões, Reis, Simone Matias, Ndong, Josué Edzang, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, N'ssi Bengone, Natacha, Mihindou, Vianet, Moraes de Seixas, Marina Maria, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Abernethy, Katharine, Asner, Gregory P., Barlow, Jos, Burslem, David F.R.P., Coomes, David A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Dargie, Greta C., Enquist, Brian J., Ewers, Robert M., Ferreira, Joice, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Joly, Carlos A., Lewis, Simon L., Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Martin, Roberta E., Morandi, Paulo S., Phillips, Oliver L., Quesada, Carlos A., Salinas, Norma, Schwantes Marimon, Beatriz, Silman, Miles, Teh, Yit Arn, White, Lee J.T., and Malhi, Yadvinder

Published
2021
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18. Assessing Peru’s Land Monitoring System Contributions towards Fulfilment of Its International Environmental Commitments

Author

Boza Espinoza, Tatiana Erika, Salinas, Norma, Cosio, Eric G., Tito, Richard, Nina-Quispe, Alex, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa María, Boza Espinoza, Tatiana Erika, Salinas, Norma, Cosio, Eric G., Tito, Richard, Nina-Quispe, Alex, and Roman-Cuesta, Rosa María

Abstract

Land use change (LUC) is recognized as one of the major drivers of the global loss of biodiversity and represents a major threat to ecosystems. Deforestation through LUC is mainly driven by fire regimes, logging, farming (cropping and ranching), and illegal mining, which are closely linked with environmental management policies. Efficient land management strategies, however, require reliable and robust information. Land monitoring is one such approach that can provide critical information to coordinate policymaking at the global, regional, and local scales, and enable a programmed implementation of shared commitments under the Rio Conventions: the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Here we use Peru as a case study to evaluate how a land monitoring system enables environmental policy decisions which appear in the country’s international commitment reports. Specifically, we synthesize how effective the ongoing land monitoring system has been in responding to current and future environmental challenges; and how improvements in land monitoring can assist in the achievement of national commitments under the Rio Conventions. We find that Peruvian policies and commitments need to be improved to be consistent with the 1.5 °C temperature limit of the Paris agreement. Regarding the Aichi targets, Peru has achieved 17% land area with sustainable management; however, the funding deficit is a great challenge. Even though Peru commits to reducing GHG emissions by reducing LUC and improving agricultural and land use forestry practices, it needs policy improvements in relation to land tenure, governance, and equity. Potential explanations for the observed shortcomings include the fragmentation and duplication of government roles across sectors at both a national and regional scale.

Published
2024

19. Chapter 4: Amazonian ecosystems and their ecological functions

Author

Moraes R., Mónica, primary, Correa, Sandra Bibiana, additional, Rodrigues da Costa Doria, Carolina, additional, Duponchelle, Fabrice, additional, Miranda, Guido, additional, Montoya, Mariana, additional, Phillips, Oliver L, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Silman, Miles, additional, Ulloa Ulloa, Carmen, additional, Zapata-Ríos, Galo, additional, Arieira, Julia, additional, and ter Steege, Hans, additional

Published
2021
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20. Chapter 23: Impacts of deforestation and climate change on biodiversity, ecological processes, and environmental adaptation

Author

Artaxo, Paulo, primary, Fonseca de Almeida-Val, Vera Maria, additional, Bilbao, Bibiana, additional, Brando, Paulo M, additional, Bustamante, Mercedes, additional, Coe, Michael T, additional, Correa, Sandra Bibiana, additional, Cuesta, Francisco, additional, Costa, Marcos H, additional, Miralles-Wilhem, Fernando, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Silvério, Divino Vicente, additional, and Val, Adalberto Luis, additional

Published
2021
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24. The effects of human population density on trophic interactions are contingent upon latitude.

Author

Hernández‐Agüero, Juan A., Ruiz‐Tapiador, Ildefonso, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Kozlov, Mikhail V., Mäntylä, Elina, Nacif, Marcos E., Salinas, Norma, and Cayuela, Luis

Subjects
POPULATION density, URBAN heat islands, CITIES & towns, CLIMATE change, LATITUDE, URBAN climatology
Abstract

Aim: Global‐scale studies are necessary to draw general conclusions on how trophic interactions vary with urbanization and to explore how the effects of urbanization change along latitudinal gradients. We predict that the intensity of trophic interactions decreases in response to urbanization (quantified by human population density). Since trophic interactions are more intense at lower latitudes, we also expect major impacts of urbanization at higher latitudes, where base levels are essentially lower. Location: Global (881 study sites). Time period: 2000–2021. Major taxa studied: Birds, arthropods and woody plants. Methods: We compiled global data on insect herbivory and bird predation from studies that employed similar methods and fitted generalized linear mixed models to test how these trophic interactions vary with human population density, latitude and their interactions. Results: The intensity of herbivory and predation decreased with an increase in human population density at lower latitudes. Surprisingly, it remained unaffected at intermediate latitudes and even increased at higher latitudes. Main conclusions: The observed patterns may be attributed to local climate changes in urban areas, such as the Urban Heat Island effect, which disrupts thermal stability in the tropics while increasing niche availability at polar latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Serving IPV Survivors in Culturally Diverse Communities: Perspectives From Current Service Providers.

Author

Taylor, Sarah, Stallings, Audrey, Greenstein, Sage, Ochoa, Alexis, Said, Ayah, Salinas, Norma, Becerril, Noemi, Guevara, William, and Phan, Michelle

Subjects
CULTURAL awareness, PATIENT education, INTIMATE partner violence, QUALITATIVE research, RESEARCH funding, MEDICAL care, INTERVIEWING, CULTURAL competence, CONTENT analysis, COMMUNITIES, PATIENT care, WORK experience (Employment), EXPERIENCE, THEMATIC analysis, SOCIAL integration, WORKING hours, ATTITUDES of medical personnel, RESEARCH methodology, TRUST, PATIENT-professional relations, METROPOLITAN areas, EVIDENCE-based medicine, SOCIAL support, PHENOMENOLOGY, CULTURAL pluralism
Abstract

This qualitative study examines current IPV service providers' perspectives on service delivery methods that best reach and serve IPV survivors from culturally diverse communities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 service providers, and transcripts were analyzed for themes related to service providers' experiences. Five themes emerged from the data that suggest best practices for reaching and serving survivors from culturally diverse backgrounds, including understanding survivors' backgrounds, promoting trust and inclusivity, building community relationships, providing culturally responsive education on IPV, and supporting current and future staff with training. Study findings provide implications for the education and training of future service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Forest management affects ecosystem functioning (predation and herbivory) but not ecosystem constancy: A comparative study across four forest ecosystems around the world

Author

Hernández-Agüero, Juan A., primary, Ruiz-Tapiador, Ildefonso, additional, Cosio, Eric, additional, Garibaldi, Lucas A., additional, Kozlov, Mikhail V., additional, Nacif, Marcos E., additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Zverev, Vitali, additional, Zvereva, Elena L., additional, and Cayuela, Luis, additional

Published
2023
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29. Non-structural carbohydrates mediate seasonal water stress across Amazon forests

Author

Signori-Müller, Caroline, Oliveira, Rafael S., Barros, Fernanda de Vasconcellos, Tavares, Julia Valentim, Gilpin, Martin, Diniz, Francisco Carvalho, Zevallos, Manuel J. Marca, Yupayccana, Carlos A. Salas, Acosta, Martin, Bacca, Jean, Chino, Rudi S. Cruz, Cuellar, Gina M. Aramayo, Cumapa, Edwin R. M., Martinez, Franklin, Mullisaca, Flor M. Pérez, Nina, Alex, Sanchez, Jesus M. Bañon, da Silva, Leticia Fernandes, Tello, Ligia, Tintaya, José Sanchez, Ugarteche, Maira T. Martinez, Baker, Timothy R., Bittencourt, Paulo R. L., Borma, Laura S., Brum, Mauro, Castro, Wendeson, Coronado, Eurídice N. Honorio, Cosio, Eric G., Feldpausch, Ted R., Fonseca, Letícia d’Agosto Miguel, Gloor, Emanuel, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Phillips, Oliver L., Salinas, Norma, Silveira, Marcos, Talbot, Joey, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Mencuccini, Maurizio, and Galbraith, David

Published
2021
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30. Historical Assembly of Andean Tree Communities

Author

González-Caro, Sebastián, primary, Tello, J. Sebastián, additional, Myers, Jonathan A., additional, Feeley, Kenneth, additional, Blundo, Cecilia, additional, Calderón-Loor, Marco, additional, Carilla, Julieta, additional, Cayola, Leslie, additional, Cuesta, Francisco, additional, Farfán, William, additional, Fuentes, Alfredo F., additional, Garcia-Cabrera, Karina, additional, Grau, Ricardo, additional, Idarraga, Álvaro, additional, Loza, M. Isabel, additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Malizia, Agustina, additional, Malizia, Lucio, additional, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, additional, Pinto, Esteban, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Silman, Miles, additional, Terán-Valdéz, Andrea, additional, and Duque, Álvaro, additional

Published
2023
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37. Tropical forest lianas have greater non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in the stem xylem than trees

Author

Signori-Müller, Caroline, primary, Galbraith, David, additional, Tavares, Julia V, additional, Reis, Simone M, additional, Diniz, Francisco C, additional, Gilpin, Martin, additional, Marimon, Beatriz S, additional, van der Heijden, Geertje M F, additional, Borges, Camila, additional, Cintra, Bruno B L, additional, Mião, Sarah, additional, Morandi, Paulo S, additional, Nina, Alex, additional, Salas Yupayccana, Carlos A, additional, Marca Zevallos, Manuel J, additional, Cosio, Eric G, additional, Junior, Ben H Marimon, additional, Mendoza, Abel M, additional, Phillips, Oliver, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Vasquez, Rodolfo, additional, Mencuccini, Maurizio, additional, and Oliveira, Rafael S, additional

Published
2023
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38. Woody plant taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity decrease along elevational gradients in Andean tropical montane forests: environmental filtering and arrival of temperate taxa

Author

Bañares-de-Dios, Guillermo, primary, Macía, Manuel J, additional, Arellano, Gabriel, additional, Granzow-de la Cerda, Íñigo, additional, Vega-Álvarez, Julia, additional, Arnelas, Itziar, additional, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, and Cayuela, Luis, additional

Published
2023
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41. South American mountain ecosystems and global change – a case study for integrating theory and field observations for land surface modelling and ecosystem management

Author

Nagy, Laszlo, primary, Eller, Cleiton B., additional, Mercado, Lina M., additional, Cuesta, Francisco X., additional, Llambí, Luís D., additional, Buscardo, Erika, additional, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., additional, García-Núñez, Carlos, additional, Oliveira, Rafael S., additional, Barbosa, Milton, additional, Ceballos, Sergio J., additional, Calderón-Loor, Marco, additional, Fernandes, G. Wilson, additional, Aráoz, Ezequiel, additional, Muñoz, Ariadna M. Q., additional, Rozzi, Ricardo, additional, Aguirre, Francisco, additional, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, and Sitch, Stephen, additional

Published
2023
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42. South American mountain ecosystems and global change – a case study for integrating theory and field observations for land surface modelling and ecosystem management

Author

Nagy, Laszlo, Eller, Cleiton B., Mercado, Lina M., Cuesta, Francisco X., Llambí, Luís D., Buscardo, Erika, Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., García-Núñez, Carlos, Oliveira, Rafael S., Barbosa, Milton, Ceballos, Sergio J., Calderón-Loor, Marco, Fernandes, G. Wilson, Aráoz, Ezequiel, Muñoz, Ariadna M.Q., Rozzi, Ricardo, Aguirre, Francisco, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Salinas, Norma, Sitch, Stephen, Nagy, Laszlo, Eller, Cleiton B., Mercado, Lina M., Cuesta, Francisco X., Llambí, Luís D., Buscardo, Erika, Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., García-Núñez, Carlos, Oliveira, Rafael S., Barbosa, Milton, Ceballos, Sergio J., Calderón-Loor, Marco, Fernandes, G. Wilson, Aráoz, Ezequiel, Muñoz, Ariadna M.Q., Rozzi, Ricardo, Aguirre, Francisco, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Salinas, Norma, and Sitch, Stephen

Abstract

•Background:Plot-based monitoring has yielded much information on the taxonomic diversity and carbon (C) storage in tropical lowland forests of the Amazon basin. This has resulted in an improved understanding of the relationship between lowland forest biomass dynamics and global change drivers, such as climate change and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Much less attention has been paid to the mountain ecosystems of South America that comprise montane forests and alpine vegetation (páramo, puna, high Andean grasslands, wetlands, and alpine heath). This vegetation complex provides a variety of ecosystem services and forms a natural laboratory along various physiographic, geological and evolutionary history/biogeography, and land use history gradients. •Aims: Here, we review existing empirical understanding and model-based approaches to quantify the contribution of mountain ecosystems to ecosystem service provision in the rapidly changing socioecological setting of the South American mountains. The objective of this paper is to outline a broad road map for the implementation of mountain vegetation into dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM) for use in Earth System Models (ESM), based on our current understanding of their structure and function and of their responsiveness to global change drivers. We also identify treeline processes, critical in mountain ecosystems, as key missing elements in DGVMs/ESMs, and thus explore in addition a treeline model. •Methods: Stocktaking of the availability of empirical data was undertaken from eight research sites along the Andes and in south-eastern Brazil. Out of eight sites, two (one each in Venezuela and Brazil) had some climate, ecological and ecophysiological data potentially suitable to parametrise a DGVM. Tree biomass data were available for six sites. A preliminary assessment of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) DGVM was made to identify gaps in available data and their impacts on model parametrisation and calib

Published
2023

43. Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Author

Tavares, Julia, Oliveira, Rafael S., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Signori-Mueller, Caroline, Pereira, Luciano, Diniz, Francisco Carvalho, Gilpin, Martin, Zevallos, Manuel Marca J., Yupayccana, Carlos Salas A., Acosta, Martin, Mullisaca, Flor Perez, Barros, Fernanda de V., Bittencourt, Paulo, Jancoski, Halina, Scalon, Marina Correa, Marimon, Beatriz S., Menor, Imma Oliveras, Marimon Jr, Ben Hur, Fancourt, Max, Chambers-Ostler, Alexander, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Rowland, Lucy, Meir, Patrick, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Nina, Alex, Sanchez, Jesus M. B., Tintaya, Jose S., Chino, Rudi S. C., Baca, Jean, Fernandes, Leticia, Cumapa, Edwin R. M., Santos, Joao Antonio R., Teixeira, Renata, Tello, Ligia, Ugarteche, Maira T. M., Cuellar, Gina A., Martinez, Franklin, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Almeida, Everton, da Cruz, Wesley Jonatar Alves, Pasquel, Jhon del Aguila, Aragao, Luis, Baker, Timothy R., de Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Brienen, Roel, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, de Souza, Fernanda Coelho, Cosio, Eric G., Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, Silva, Richarlly da Costa, Disney, Mathias, Espejo, Javier Silva, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Giacomin, Leandro, Higuchi, Niro, Hirota, Marina, Honorio, Euridice, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Lewis, Simon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Morandi, Paulo, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Muscarella, Robert, Penha, Deliane, Rocha, Mayda Cecilia, Rodrigues, Gleicy, Ruschel, Ademir R., Salinas, Norma, Schlickmann, Monique, Silveira, Marcos, Talbot, Joey, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Vedovato, Laura, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Phillips, Oliver L., Gloor, Emanuel, Galbraith, David R., Tavares, Julia, Oliveira, Rafael S., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Signori-Mueller, Caroline, Pereira, Luciano, Diniz, Francisco Carvalho, Gilpin, Martin, Zevallos, Manuel Marca J., Yupayccana, Carlos Salas A., Acosta, Martin, Mullisaca, Flor Perez, Barros, Fernanda de V., Bittencourt, Paulo, Jancoski, Halina, Scalon, Marina Correa, Marimon, Beatriz S., Menor, Imma Oliveras, Marimon Jr, Ben Hur, Fancourt, Max, Chambers-Ostler, Alexander, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Rowland, Lucy, Meir, Patrick, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Nina, Alex, Sanchez, Jesus M. B., Tintaya, Jose S., Chino, Rudi S. C., Baca, Jean, Fernandes, Leticia, Cumapa, Edwin R. M., Santos, Joao Antonio R., Teixeira, Renata, Tello, Ligia, Ugarteche, Maira T. M., Cuellar, Gina A., Martinez, Franklin, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Almeida, Everton, da Cruz, Wesley Jonatar Alves, Pasquel, Jhon del Aguila, Aragao, Luis, Baker, Timothy R., de Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Brienen, Roel, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, de Souza, Fernanda Coelho, Cosio, Eric G., Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, Silva, Richarlly da Costa, Disney, Mathias, Espejo, Javier Silva, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Giacomin, Leandro, Higuchi, Niro, Hirota, Marina, Honorio, Euridice, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Lewis, Simon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Morandi, Paulo, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Muscarella, Robert, Penha, Deliane, Rocha, Mayda Cecilia, Rodrigues, Gleicy, Ruschel, Ademir R., Salinas, Norma, Schlickmann, Monique, Silveira, Marcos, Talbot, Joey, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Vedovato, Laura, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Phillips, Oliver L., Gloor, Emanuel, and Galbraith, David R.

Abstract

Tropical forests face increasing climate risk(1,2), yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, ?(50)) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk(3-5), little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters ?(50) and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both ?(50) and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM(50 )forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon(6,7), with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.

Published
2023
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44. Satellite-derived forest canopy greenness shows differential drought vulnerability of secondary forests compared to primary forests in Peru

Author

Zutta, Brian R., Salinas, Norma, Cosio, Eric G., Tito, Richard, Aragón, Susan, Nina-Quispe, Alex, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Zutta, Brian R., Salinas, Norma, Cosio, Eric G., Tito, Richard, Aragón, Susan, Nina-Quispe, Alex, and Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria

Abstract

Understanding tropical secondary forest canopy greenness and responses to climatic conditions is important for climate change mitigation, particularly in the tropics where secondary forest growth is a substantial carbon sink and a promoted natural climate solution. We here test three hypotheses: (a) forest canopy greenness is higher in younger, secondary forests than in older, primary or mature forests, (b) secondary forests are more vulnerable to climatic pressures and (c) there are significant differences between forest types regarding primary-secondary canopy greenness and their differential responses to drought anomalies. To explore these relationships, we monitored wet and dry seasonal greenness from 2001 to 2020, estimated through the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), of Peruvian tropical dry, montane and lowland secondary forests and compared it to nearby primary forests. We developed predictive models of seasonal EVI using remotely sensed variables, including land surface temperature (LST), evapotranspiration (ET), potential evapotranspiration (PET), ratio of ET and PET (ETn), and the standard precipitation index (SPI). Overall, there was a higher change in annual and seasonal EVI for secondary forests compared to primary forests. However, primary forests maintained relatively stable EVI levels during the wet season despite drought anomalies. When decoupling forest type canopy greenness and drought response, primary forest greenness in dry and lowland ecosystems were temporally more stable. Secondary montane had a lower increase in greenness when drought anomalies held during different seasons. Stepwise multiple linear regression models indicated that LST and ETn, a plant water use index, were the most significant factors to predict greening fluctuations in dry and montane forest types. ET and SPI mostly drove wet season mean EVI across all forest types. Predictors of dry season mean EVI varied, but mostly including water availability. Our results suggest tha

Published
2023

50. Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests

Author

Ben Saadi, Celina Tawes, Cayuela, Luis, Bañares de Dios, Guillermo, González de Aledo Gallardo, Julia, Matas Granados, Laura, Salinas, Norma, La Torre Cuadros, María de los Angeles, Macía Barco, Manuel Juan, and UAM. Departamento de Biología

Subjects
Ecosystem Stability, Plant Science, Biología y Biomedicina / Biología, Plant Communities, Ecosystem
Abstract

Elucidating how environmental factors drive plant species distributions and how they affect latitudinal diversity gradients, remain essential questions in ecology and biogeography. In this study we aimed: 1) to investigate the relationships between all three diversity attributes, i.e., taxonomic diversity (TD), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD); 2) to quantify the latitudinal variation in these diversity attributes in western Amazonian terra firme forests; and 3) to understand how climatic and edaphic drivers contribute to explaining diversity patterns. We inventoried ca. 15,000 individuals from ca. 1,250 species, and obtained functional trait records for ca. 5,000 woody plant individuals in 50 plots of 0.1 ha located in five terra firme forest sites spread over a latitudinal gradient of 1200 km covering ca. 10°C in latitude in western Amazonia. We calculated all three diversity attributes using Hill numbers: q = 0 (richness), q = 1 (richness weighted by relative abundance), and q = 2 (richness weighted by dominance). Generalized linear mixed models were constructed for each diversity attribute to test the effects of different uncorrelated environmental predictors comprising the temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, soil pH and soil bulk density, as well as accounting for the effect of spatial autocorrelation, i.e., plots aggregated within sites. We confirmed that TD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), FD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), and PD (q = 0) increased monotonically towards the Equator following the latitudinal diversity gradient. The importance of rare species could explain the lack of a pattern for PD (q = 1 and q = 2). Temperature seasonality, which was highly correlated with latitude, and annual precipitation were the main environmental drivers of variations in TD, FD, and PD. All three diversity attributes increased with lower temperature seasonality, higher annual precipitation, and lower soil pH. We confirmed the existence of latitudinal diversity gradients for TD, FD, and PD in hyperdiverse Amazonian terra firme forests. Our results agree well with the predictions of the environmental filtering principle and the favourability hypothesis, even acting in a 10°C latitudinal range within tropical climates.

Published
2022

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