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Hazelnut is an important plant species which is used in food industry, dye industry, wood- chopping and stock farming and it has also benefits for health due to nutrient component. Eco- nomically valuable Corylus avellena and Corylus colurna used as rootstock are the most com- mon cultivars. Although many studies have been made about microRNA in plants so far, there are few studies in hazelnut. miRNAs are 18–25 nucleotide, short and single strand non-coding RNAs. miRNAs called as post-transcriptional gene regulators cause repress or cleavage of their target mRNA. In particularly in plants, they cause cleavage of mRNA and so play role in devel- opmental process, response process to biotic and abiotic stresses like drought, salt, cold or UV. Conserved miRNAs are miRNAs which have same function in different plant species and are conserved from very old times to the present. In this study, we aimed that analyzing of some conserved miRNAs (miR159, miR160, miR171, miR396, miR2919 and miR8123) in hazelnut (Corylus avellena L. and Corylus colurna L.) by Real-Time PCR. We found which these con- served miRNAs are present in both hazelnut species.

Introduction In the present study, RNA sequencing-mediated transcriptome analysis was performed in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the immune response for different types of calorie restriction (CR) application using MMTV-TGF-α breast cancer mouse model. Methods Animals were applied to three different dietary regiments; ad libitum (AL), chronic calorie restriction (CCR) and intermittent calorie restriction (ICR). Using thymus tissues, 6091 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three dietary groups. After clustering of total of 6091 DEGs using Gene Ontology (GO) categories, a total of 400 genes were identified to be involved in immune system process (GO:0002376) GO categories. KEGG pathway and gene co-expression network analysis of these immune-related DEGs were done using String database. The results were confirmed with measuring mRNA expression levels of four selected immune-related DEGs genes (Casp3, Thy1, IL-16 and CD4) using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results The expression levels of immune-related genes were different in three RNA-seq data. Conclusion The results provide useful information to investigate the immune-related transcriptional profiling in thymus tissue of breast cancer mouse model applied to two different types of CR and to identify the specific functional immune related genes in response to CR during cancer development.

Köpekler, insanlarlaortak bir çevreyi paylaşır ve belirli köpek ırklarının hastalıkları hakkındabilgi, insan kanser çalışmaları için bir model geliştirmede çok yararlıdır.EST'ler, bir organizmanın transkribe edilen genomunun bir parçasını temsil ederve mikrosatellitleri tanımlamak için önemli bir kaynaktır. Tekrarlayan DNAdizilerini içeren Basit Dizi Tekrarları (SSR'ler) veya mikrosatellitler,bilinen en güçlü genetik belirteçler arasındadır. EST-SSR'lerin gelişimi,genomik çalışmalar için hızlı, verimli ve düşük maliyetli bir seçenek halinegelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 2304 EST içeren Terrier köpeğin meme bezi dokusununEST koleksiyonundan SSR'lerin belirlenmesi için; Web tabanlı sürümleri olan vekolayca erişilebilen SSRIT ve IMEx yazılımları kullanılmıştır. SSRIT, 2 ila 10baz uzunluğundaki motifleri bulur ve tekli nükleotid motiflerini ortadankaldırarak minimum tekrar sayısını ayarlar. IMEx mükemmel ve kusurlu mikrosatellitleriayrı ayrı bulur. Farklı uzunluklarda 1 ile 6 arasındaki motifleri bulabilir veminimum tekrar sayısı ayarlanabilir. Ek olarak, istenen SSR bölgesi için uygunprimer tasarlanabilir. Normal doku EST'leri için 2, 3, 4, 5 ve 6 nükleotidli motiflerbulunurken, tümörlü doku EST'leri için 5 nükleotidli motif bulunamamıştır., Dogs share a commonenvironment with humans and knowledge of the specific dog breed diseases isvery useful in developing a model for human cancer studies. ESTs represent partof the transcribed genome of an organism and are an important resource foridentifying microsatellites. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), ormicrosatellites, which contain repetitive DNA sequences, are among the mostpowerful genetic markers known. The development of EST-SSRs has become a fast,efficient, and low-cost option for genomic studies. In this study, to determineSSRs from EST libraryof mammary gland tissue of the Terrier dog that has 2304ESTs; SSRIT and IMEx software, which have web-based versions and are easilyaccessible, were used. SSRIT finds motifs from 2 to 10 base lengths and adjuststhe minimum number of repeats by eliminating single nucleotide motifs. IMExfinds perfect and imperfect microsatellites separately. It can find motifs ofdifferent lengths from 1 to 6 and the minimum number of repeats can be set. Inaddition, the appropriate primer for the desired SSR region can bedesigned. The 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6nucleotide motifs were found for normal tissue ESTs whereas 5 nucleotide motifswere not found for tumoral tissue ESTs.