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Objective: To assess the utility of jaundice surveillance and routine 24 hour bilirubin screening in identifying neonates who qualify for phototherapy (PT) at ≤24 hours after birth., Study Design: In this retrospective, single-center observational study, records of neonates ≥35 0/7  weeks gestation born to O+, antibody negative mothers (n = 6098) were screened to identify who received PT at ≤24 hours after birth. The hour specific TSB at which neonates qualified for PT, blood type, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and whether treatment was triggered by jaundice detection at <24 hours or the 24-hour bilirubin screen were determined., Results: 59 neonates (1.0%) qualified for PT ≤ 24 hours after birth; 10 (17%) were identified by jaundice detection at <24 hours, whereas 49 (83%) were identified on 24-hour bilirubin screening. Forty-eight of the 59 (81%) were ABO incompatible and DAT+; 11 were DAT negative, one of whom had glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Among the ≤24 hour PT group, 17 had a PT qualifying TSB within 3 mg/dL of exchange transfusion (ET); 14 of whom were only identified first on 24-hour bilirubin screening. Six exceeded ET thresholds, 4 of whom were identified on 24-hour bilirubin screening., Conclusions: Neonates who qualified for PT at ≤24 hours were identified mostly by 24-hour bilirubin screening, a fraction of whom had a TSB that approached or exceeded ET thresholds. Our findings support routine birth hospitalization bilirubin screening and suggest screening no later than 24 hours after birth may be beneficial., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Dr. Watchko disclosed a financial relationship with McGraw-Hill. The other authors have no conflict of interest relevant to this article to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The US Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel system developed tools for sequential surveillance., Methods: In patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, we sequentially compared outcomes for new users of rivaroxaban versus warfarin, employing propensity score matching and Cox regression. A total of 36 173 rivaroxaban and 79 520 warfarin initiators were variable-ratio matched within 2 monitoring periods., Results: Statistically significant signals were observed for ischemic stroke (IS) (first period) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (second period) favoring rivaroxaban, and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) (second period) favoring warfarin. In follow-up analyses using primary position diagnoses from inpatient encounters for increased definition specificity, the hazard ratios (HR) for rivaroxaban vs warfarin new users were 0.61 (0.47, 0.79) for IS, 1.47 (1.29, 1.67) for GIB, and 0.71 (0.50, 1.01) for ICH. For GIB, the HR varied by age: <66 HR = 0.88 (0.60, 1.30) and 66+ HR = 1.49 (1.30, 1.71)., Conclusions: This study demonstrates the capability of Sentinel to conduct prospective safety monitoring and raises no new concerns about rivaroxaban safety., (Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)