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Summary: Provisional microgrids create by the connection of two beside microgrids to achieve economic benefits. So far, there have been many reviews on AC microgrids. However, due to the many advantages of DC microgrids, they cannot be ignored. To achieve the advantages of both AC and DC microgrids, hybrid structures were considered. The subject of controlling hybrid microgrids is relatively more complex. Due to the variable nature of the distributed generation resources, this complexity in islanding conditions is even greater than normal conditions. This paper proposes a robust frequency control for islanding provisional microgrid including hybrid AC/DC part as a master microgrid and AC conventional part as a slave microgrid. As authors are aware, there are no scientific reports for frequency control of the proposed microgrid. One of the issues affecting the performance of this controller is the choice of weighting functions. To achieve optimal controller, an algorithm is used to determine the best weighting functions according to the way the controller works, and by examining the sensitivity functions. Finally, simulations were performed to investigate the performance of the controller and the results of using this controller for this microgrid were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: One of the energy management system (EMS) goals in the smart home (SH) is to achieve cost reduction besides consumer risk minimization. For these purposes, SH will be equipped with combined heat and power (CHP) generation, wind turbine (WT), and photovoltaic (PV) resources. EMS in SH faces uncertainty due to variable generation of these resources and in‐operation of the switch connected to the network. In this article, proposed comprehensive algorithm for EMS of SH including WT, PV, battery energy storage system, CHP considering probability of mal‐operation of tie‐switch between SH and grid. In this regard suggested algorithm provides consumer risk reduction in SH EMS problem regarding to uncertainty of market price. It is so crucial that all of triple uncertainties of PV and WT resources and tie switch mal‐operation are considered as residential consumer risk constraints to achieve accurate results. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used as optimization method for solving of risk‐based SH EMS problem. Proposed EMS algorithm is implemented for test SH via simulation studies using MATLAB software. Results indicate presented risk‐based GA increases the thermal and energy storage by 20.25% and 14.28% and reduces the consumer risk when a blackout occurs by increasing the spinning reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Fourier-integral-based model for the computation of magnetic field distributions due to an arbitrary excitation loop above a conducting half-space is formulated. Evaluation of Fourier transform of the excitation current components, as usually required in the conventional approaches, is not needed in this model. Instead, it is shown that the field distribution at the metal surface in the absence of the conductor is sufficient for computation of the field in the presence of the conductor. The validity of the model is substantiated by comparing our results with the results of conventional models for an infinite straight wire and an elliptical current loop.