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The main cause of cancer death among women is breast cancer. The most common type of breast cancer is the estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Discovery of estrogen receptor provided a highly effective target for treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. Selective estrogen receptor inhibitors are useful for halting the growth of breast cancer cells and inducing apoptosis. Tamoxifen, a popular selective estrogen receptor modulator, can treat breast cancer but also has unfavourable side effects due to its estrogenic activity in other tissues. Many herbal remedies and bioactive natural compounds, such as genistein, resveratrol, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, prenylated isoflavonoids, zearalenol, coumestrol, pelargonidin, delphinidin, and biochanin A, have the ability to specifically modulate the estrogen receptor alpha. Moreover, several of these compounds speed up cell death by supressing estrogen receptor gene expression. This opens wide avenue to introduce number of natural medicines with a revolutionary therapeutic impact and few side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in numerous medical and industrial applications. TiO2NPs nanotoxicity is a major health concern. Aim of the Work: The objective of this research was to examine the oxidative status of parental exposed to TiO2NPs and the developmental status of their offspring's skeleton. Further, to examine the potential role of Portulaca oleracea extract as an antioxidant plant. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four pregnant rats were divided into four groups: Control (C) group, P group (given 10 ml/kg B.W/day of P extract), T group (0.5mg/kg TiO2NPs every day) and P+T group (given P extract, then TiO2NPs at the same dosage as before). Dosages were given orally from the 6th to the 19th day, all rats were sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. Oxidant parameters such as glutathione GSH, Superoxide dismutase SOD and malondialdehyde MDA were determined from the liver of pregnant rats. Fetal skeletons were stained with alizarin-red S and Alcian blue. The fetal hind limbs were stained with Hx. &E and Mallory triple stain for histological examination. Results: SOD and GSH content showed a significant reduction in the T-group compared to the control and P groups, and MDA level was significantly increased. Furthermore, rats in group T exhibited fetal growth retardation and skeletal abnormalities, including delayed ossification center development and reduced long bone growth. Histological examination revealed partial chondrification of the growth plate in fetal femur bones, leading to the deterioration of all zones and a significant decrease in collagen density. However, treatment with Portulaca oleracea extract resulted in an enhancement of antioxidant parameters in pregnant rats. The extract also decreased skeletal deformities induced by TiO2NPs and improved the length and structure of fetal long bones. Conclusion: The present study recommended that antioxidant nutrient in diet may ameliorate the toxicity of TiO2NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are at increased risk to develop post-contrast acute kidney injury (AKI). Diabetic patients under dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4Is) experience a lower propensity to develop AKI. We speculated that linagliptin as a single agent or in combination with allopurinol may reduce the incidence of post-contrast AKI in stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with underlying DKD. Out of 951 DKD patients eligible for this study, 800 accepted to sign informed consent. They were randomly allocated to 4 equal groups that received their prophylaxis for 2 days before and after radiocontrast. The first control group received N-acetyl cysteine and saline, the 2nd received allopurinol, the 3rd group received linagliptin, and the 4th received both allopurinol and linagliptin. Post-procedure follow-up for kidney functions was conducted for 2 weeks in all patients. 20, 19, 14, and 8 patients developed post-contrast AKI in groups 1 through 4, respectively. Neither linagliptin nor allopurinol was superior to N-acetyl cysteine and saline alone. However, the combination of the two agents provided statistically significant renal protection: post-contrast AKI in group 4 was significantly lower than in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.02 and <0.03, respectively). None of the post-contrast AKI cases required dialysis. Linagliptin and allopurinol in combination may offer protection against post-contrast AKI in DKD exposed to radiocontrast. Further studies are needed to support this view. NCT03470454 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most common causative agents causing mastitis in dairy cattle, which is primarily responsible for the dairy farms' significant economic losses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial sensitivity profiling, phenotypic detection of extended- spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates, molecular identification of major virulence factors (toxA, lasB, and exoS), and biofilm profiles of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from mastitis milk. A total of 200 mastitic milk samples were collected from cows and subjected to bacteriological examination. Suspected colonies were confirmed by PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Positive isolates were genotypically examined to determine the presence of virulence factors (toxA, lasB, and exoS). An antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out on all positive isolates. The phenotypic detection of ESBL was done using the combination disc test (CDT) and the double disc synergy test (DDST). Finally, biofilm production was accessed through the tube adherent method (TA). Among the total samples, P. aeruginosa was identified in 15% (n = 30) of the retrieved isolates. Virulence genes (toxA, exoS, and lasB) were detected in 100%, 83.3%, and 66.6% of isolates, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high sensitivity to imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, colistin, and gentamicin, while all isolates were completely resistant to amoxicillin, penicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, erythromycin, doxycycline, and spectinomycin. CDT confirmed ESBL production in 15 isolates (50%) and DDST confirmed it in 10 isolates (33.3%). Biofilm formation by the TA method revealed that 33.3% were strong, 33.3% were moderate, 16.6% were weak, and 16.6% were nonadherent isolates. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa strains on dairy farms that harbor virulence genes, produce biofilm, and are resistant to the most popular antimicrobial drug can be hazardous not only to the dairy industry but also for public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently spreads to distant organs like the lung, lymph nodes, bone, and liver. However, there have been some reports of RCC bladder metastasis. We present a case of a 61-year-old man presented with total painless gross hematuria. The patient had a history of right radical nephrectomy for papillary (type 2) RCC, high-grade, pT3a with negative surgical margins. There was no evidence of metastases on 6-month surveillance CT. After one-year post-operation, at this current admission, the cystoscopy discovered a solid bladder mass away from the trigone in the right lateral bladder wall. The resected bladder mass was metastatic papillary RCC with PAX-8 positive but GATA-3 negative on immunostaining. A positron emission tomography scan confirmed multiple lung, liver, and osseous metastases. This case report can highlight the importance of having bladder metastasis in RCC mind, although rare, and may necessitate the surveillance measures like urine analysis at more frequent interval and CT Urography instead of regular CT to detect the RCC metastatic bladder cancer at early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is multifactorial; family history and genetic predisposition, presence of autoantibodies, physical stress, and exposure to illnesses such as viral infections, disease of the pancreas, age, race, geography, and early diet are the main T1DM risk factors that have been identified. Objective: To identify the patterns of clinical presentation among patients with type 1 diabetes from El-Beheira Governorate and to explore family history of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its impact on the presentation of type 1 diabetes among offspring. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the diabetes clinic in El-Beheira Governorate and included 119 children with T1DM regularly following up during the period from March 2023 until June 2023. The study assessed the age of onset of diabetes, insulin dosage, the presence of a family history of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes among the study population, the initial presentation of diabetes, and the presence of complications. Results: During the study period, a total of 119 patients were included, with a female predominance (64.7%). The median age at presentation was 6 years old. Hyperglycemia was the most frequent presentation in the studied population (66.4%), followed by DKA. Children with a positive family history of T2DM were significantly older at the onset of the diagnosis of T1DM, and they required significantly higher basal and mealtime insulin dosages to achieve glycemic control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with a positive family history of T2DM had higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with a positive family history of T2DM required more insulin to achieve glycemic control, which could be attributed to factors related to insulin resistance. Further studies on a larger geographical scale with a larger sample size are required to emphasise our results. This may help to figure out the effect of family history of T2DM on the presentation of patients with T1DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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