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4. A Route for Bioenergy in the Sahara Region : Date Palm Waste Valorization through Updraft Gasification

Author

Djaafri, Mohammed, Salem, Fethya, Kalloum, Slimane, Desideri, Umberto, Bartocci, Pietro, Khelafi, Mostefa, Atabani, Abdulaziz E., Baldinelli, Arianna, Djaafri, Mohammed, Salem, Fethya, Kalloum, Slimane, Desideri, Umberto, Bartocci, Pietro, Khelafi, Mostefa, Atabani, Abdulaziz E., and Baldinelli, Arianna

Abstract

The Adrar region (Algeria) has a total of 397,800 date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Due to annual palm cleaning, large quantities of lignocellulosic biomass are produced. Depending on the variety, an average of 65 kg of biowaste is obtained per palm tree. Since the value of this biowaste is underrated, most of the palms are burned outdoors, causing air and visual pollution. This work explores the gasification potential of lignocellulosic waste from date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L. Takarbouche variety) into useful energy. The technology investigated is air updraft fixed-bed gasification, thanks to an originally designed and built reactor, with the capability to process 1 kg of feedstock. Four types of palm waste—namely, palms, petioles, bunch, and bunch peduncles—are first characterized (bulk density, proximate analysis, fixed carbon, elemental composition, and calorific value) and then used as feedstock for two gasification tests each. The syngas produced for the four date palm wastes is combustible, with an outlet temperature between 200 and 400 °C. The operating temperature inside the gasifier varies according to the feature of the biomass cuts (from 174 °C for the peduncles to 557 °C for palms). The experimental setup is also equipped with a cyclone, allowing for the recovery of some of the tar produced during the tests. Finally, the results show that the residence time has a positive effect on the conversion rate of date palm waste, which can significantly increase it to values of around 95%., Project: 177/2017 (Bio-fuel production from Saharan biomass in a continuous system using solar energy)\u2014General Directorate of Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT), Ministry of higher Education, Algeria.

Published
2024
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5. Semi-continuous mesophilic anaerobic digestion of date palm (Phoenix dactelifyraL.) leaflets of the H'miracultivar from the Adrar region of Southern Algeria using an alkaline pre-treatment

Author

Salem, Fethya, Djaafri, Mohammed, Kaidi, Kamel, Atelge, M.R., Khelafi, Mostefa, Tahri, Ahmed, Soumia, Balla, Habchi, Abdelmadjid, Kalloum, Slimane, and Atabani, A.E.

Abstract

This research paper aim to investigate the enhancement potential of mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) leaflets from H'miracultivars using an alkaline pretreatment approach. The experiment was conducted for the first time in semi-continuous digesters. NaOH was applied at various percentages (6 %, 12 % and 18 %) to chemically pretreat the substrate for 5 days at 37 °C. The chemical pretreatment results were interpreted for the first time with in-depth FTIR spectroscopic analyses. The Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) was fixed at 15 days, and the Organic Loading Rate (OLR) at 2 g MO/L/day. The results showed that the methane (CH4) production values were stabilized with a clear distinction at averages of 211.85, 177.26, 143.36 and 123.07 ml of CH4/day, i.e. a CH4yield of 105.92, 88.63, 71.68 and 61.53 ml of CH4/gVS/day for the reactors containing substrates pre-treated with 12 %, 6 %, 18 % NaOH and the substrate without pre-treatment respectively. Compared to the substrate without pre-treatment, the CH4production rates were improved 1.72, 1.44 and 1.16 times for the reactors containing 12 %, 6 % and 18 % NaOH respectively. These findings were perfectly in accordance with FTIR spectroscopy results. These findings demonstrate that the semi-continuous AD process can be an attractive energy recovery solution from such waste compared to batch digesters, (on one day, it produce 77–105 % of the CH4produced during 21–55 days in batch digesters), as well as the importance of adequate pre-treatment prior to the AD. FTIR Spectroscopic analysis technology can also be widely used to analyze pre-treatment data for lignocellulosic biomass, as it gives very encouraging results.

Published
2024
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7. Enhanced Methane Production from Dry Leaflets of Algerian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Hmira Cultivar, by Alkaline Pretreatment.

Author

Djaafri, Mohammed, Kalloum, Slimane, Kaidi, Kamel, Salem, Fethya, Balla, Soumia, Meslem, Djelloul, and Iddou, Abdelkader

Abstract

This article discusses the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test of the alkali pretreated "dry leaflets of Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Hmira cultivar". The anaerobic digestion (AD) experiments are performed in 4 digesters at 37 °C for 50 days. Digesters with one liter capacity for each one and a working volume of 600 mL are prepared with 10 g volatile solids (VS) of the substrate. A 6%, 12% and 18% weight/weight (w/w) NaOH (based on substrate VS) are used for alkaline pretreatment. During the performed experiments, the CH4 volume is monitored in order to evaluate the alkaline pretreatment influences. The obtained results show that a 12% NaOH is the best concentration, with a 135 mL CH4/gVS that represents an increase of methane production to 133.55% compared to the control test. A biodegradability (BD) improvement of 48.64% through the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal is recorded with the same concentration of 12% NaOH. The technical digestion times (T80) of 22 and 32 days are recorded for both, the 12% NaOH concentration and the control test respectively, this clearly shows a shortening of 36.78% in T80. Finally, the results obtained in this experimental study show that, based on the increase of pretreatment range of the NaOH concentration (6%, 12% and 18%) before AD of the "dry leaflets of Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Hmira cultivar", an improvement of methane yield and biodegradability in shortening digestion time were registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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8. Study of start-up of a continuous digester for biogas production

Author

Kaidi Kamel, Khelafi Mostafa, Djaafri Mohammed, Salem Fethya, Kalloum Slimane, Touzi Abdelkader, and Tahri Ahmed

Subjects
Pollution, Waste management, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, food and beverages, Renewable energy, Anaerobic digestion, Digestion (alchemy), Pilot plant, Biogas, Volume (thermodynamics), Environmental science, Sewage treatment, business, media_common
Abstract

A continuous digester type was designed at the laboratory scale with an aim to studying and improving anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. The results obtained can be extrapolated at large scale pilot plant. To study the digester start-up we have chosen as a substrate the sludge issued from the wastewater treatment plant located in Adrar city (south west of Algeria). Different parameters have been considered such as pH, VFA, COD, and volume of biogas generated during the digestion process. In addition to the production of green and renewable energy (biogas). The digester designed for laboratory scale, also allowed us to treat the initial pollution in the sludge from the treatment plant.

Published
2016

9. Start-up test of an underground digester treating organic waste

Author

Kalloum Slimane, Salem Fethya, Tahri Ahmed, Touzi Abdelkader, Kaidi Kamel, Khelafi Mostafa, and Djaafri Mohammed

Subjects
Hydrolysis, Anaerobic digestion, Waste management, Biogas, Chemistry, Biofuel, Chemical oxygen demand, Biodegradable waste, Start up, Pulp and paper industry, Industrial waste
Abstract

In this paper we studied the start-up of an underground digester with a useful volume of 4 m3 in Saharan medium. 320 kg of waste taken from Adrar city slaughterhouses were treated during 60 days. During this study, we followed several parameters evolution such as: pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), the temperature inside the digester, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pressure and the volume of biogas produced. The results obtained showed in the beginning of anaerobic digestion a fast drop in the pH. The VFA variation was inversely proportional to the pH variation. We noted a temperature decrease inside the digester during hydrolysis phase. Biogas inflammability was obtained since the 25th day of digestion. The results showed also an organic mater reduction in order of 49%.

Published
2011

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