24 results on '"Saleh, Dounia"'
Search Results
2. Genome-wide evolutionary response of European oaks during the Anthropocene
- Author
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Saleh, Dounia, Chen, Jun, Leple, Jean-Charles, Leroy, Thibault, Truffaut, Laura, Dencausse, Benjamin, Lalanne, Celine, Labadie, Karine, Lesur, Isabelle, Bert, Didier, Lagane, Frederic, Morneau, Francois, Aury, Jean-Marc, Plomion, Christophe, Lascoux, Martin, Kremer, Antoine, Saleh, Dounia, Chen, Jun, Leple, Jean-Charles, Leroy, Thibault, Truffaut, Laura, Dencausse, Benjamin, Lalanne, Celine, Labadie, Karine, Lesur, Isabelle, Bert, Didier, Lagane, Frederic, Morneau, Francois, Aury, Jean-Marc, Plomion, Christophe, Lascoux, Martin, and Kremer, Antoine
- Abstract
The pace of tree microevolution during Anthropocene warming is largely unknown. We used a retrospective approach to monitor genomic changes in oak trees since the Little Ice Age (LIA). Allelic frequency changes were assessed from whole-genome pooled sequences for four age-structured cohorts of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) dating back to 1680, in each of three different oak forests in France. The genetic covariances of allelic frequency changes increased between successive time periods, highlighting genome-wide effects of linked selection. We found imprints of parallel linked selection in the three forests during the late LIA, and a shift of selection during more recent time periods of the Anthropocene. The changes in allelic covariances within and between forests mirrored the documented changes in the occurrence of extreme events (droughts and frosts) over the last 300 years. The genomic regions with the highest covariances were enriched in genes involved in plant responses to pathogens and abiotic stresses (temperature and drought). These responses are consistent with the reported sequence of frost (or drought) and disease damage ultimately leading to the oak dieback after extreme events. They provide support for adaptive evolution of long-lived species during recent climatic changes. Although we acknowledge that other sources (e.g., gene flow, generation overlap) may have contributed to temporal covariances of allelic frequency changes, the consistent and correlated response across the three forests lends support to the existence of a systematic driving force such as natural selection.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
3. Genome‐wide evolutionary response of European oaks during the Anthropocene
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Saleh, Dounia, primary, Chen, Jun, additional, Leplé, Jean‐Charles, additional, Leroy, Thibault, additional, Truffaut, Laura, additional, Dencausse, Benjamin, additional, Lalanne, Céline, additional, Labadie, Karine, additional, Lesur, Isabelle, additional, Bert, Didier, additional, Lagane, Frédéric, additional, Morneau, François, additional, Aury, Jean‐Marc, additional, Plomion, Christophe, additional, Lascoux, Martin, additional, and Kremer, Antoine, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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4. Spatial and host-plant partitioning between coexisting Bemisia tabaci cryptic species in Tunisia
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Saleh, Dounia, Laarif, Asma, Clouet, Cécile, and Gauthier, Nathalie
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- 2012
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- View/download PDF
5. Genome-wide evolutionary response of European oaks since the Little Ice Age
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Saleh, Dounia, primary, Chen, Jun, additional, Leple, Jean-Charles, additional, Leroy, Thibault, additional, Truffaut, Laura, additional, Dencausse, Benjamin, additional, Lalanne, Celine, additional, Labadie, Karine, additional, Lesur, Isabelle, additional, Bert, Didier, additional, Lagane, Frederic, additional, Morneau, Francois, additional, Aury, Jean-Marc, additional, Plomion, Christophe, additional, Lascoux, Martin, additional, and KREMER, Antoine, additional
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
6. Asexual reproduction induces a rapid and permanent loss of sexual reproduction capacity in the rice fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae: results of in vitro experimental evolution assays
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Saleh Dounia, Milazzo Joëlle, Adreit Henri, Tharreau Didier, and Fournier Elisabeth
- Subjects
Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
Abstract Background Sexual reproduction is common in eukaryotic microorganisms, with few species reproducing exclusively asexually. However, in some organisms, such as fungi, asexual reproduction alternates with episodic sexual reproduction events. Fungi are thus appropriate organisms for studies of the reasons for the selection of sexuality or clonality and of the mechanisms underlying this selection. Magnaporthe oryzae, an Ascomycete causing blast disease on rice, reproduces mostly asexually in natura. Sexual reproduction is possible in vitro and requires (i) two strains of opposite mating types including (ii) at least one female-fertile strain (i.e. a strain able to produce perithecia, the female organs in which meiosis occurs). Female-fertile strains are found only in limited areas of Asia, in which evidence for contemporary recombination has recently been obtained. We induced the forced evolution of four Chinese female-fertile strains in vitro by the weekly transfer of asexual spores (conidia) between Petri dishes. We aimed to determine whether female fertility was rapidly lost in the absence of sexual reproduction and whether this loss was controlled genetically or epigenetically. Results All the strains became female-sterile after 10 to 19 rounds of selection under asexual conditions. As no single-spore isolation was carried out, the observed decrease in the production of perithecia reflected the emergence and the invasion of female-sterile mutants. The female-sterile phenotype segregated in the offspring of crosses between female-sterile evolved strains and female-fertile wild-type strains. This segregation was maintained in the second generation in backcrosses. Female-sterile evolved strains were subjected to several stresses, but none induced the restoration of female fertility. This loss of fertility was therefore probably due to genetic rather than epigenetic mechanisms. In competition experiments, female-sterile mutants produced similar numbers of viable conidia to wild-type strains, but released them more efficiently. This advantage may account for the invasion of our populations by female-sterile mutants. Conclusions We show for the first time that, in the absence of sexual reproduction, female-sterile mutants of M. oryzae rice strains can arise and increase in abundance in asexual generations. This change in phenotype was frequent and probably caused by mutation. These results suggest that female fertility may have been lost rapidly during the dispersion of the fungus from Asia to the rest of the world.
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- 2012
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7. Transcriptomes of Plant Gametophytes Have a Higher Proportion of Rapidly Evolving and Young Genes than Sporophytes
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Gossmann, Toni I, Saleh, Dounia, Schmid, Marc W, Spence, Michael A, Schmid, Karl J, Gossmann, Toni I, Saleh, Dounia, Schmid, Marc W, Spence, Michael A, and Schmid, Karl J
- Published
- 2016
8. Transcriptomes of Plant Gametophytes Have a Higher Proportion of Rapidly Evolving and Young Genes than Sporophytes
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Gossmann, Toni I., primary, Saleh, Dounia, additional, Schmid, Marc W., additional, Spence, Michael A., additional, and Schmid, Karl J., additional
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- 2016
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9. Origin, structure and migration of Magnaporthe oryzae populations pathogenic on rice : DP-2
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Saleh, Dounia, Milazzo, Joëlle, Adreit, Henri, Fournier, Elisabeth, and Tharreau, Didier
- Subjects
F01 - Culture des plantes ,food and beverages ,human activities ,H20 - Maladies des plantes - Abstract
Inferring invasion routes and identifying reservoirs of diversity of plant pathogens are essential to propose new strategies for their control. Magnaporthe oryzae, the fungus responsible for rice blast disease, has invaded all rice growing areas. Virulent genotypes regularly (re)emerge, causing rapid resistance breakdowns. However, the worldwide genetic subdivision of M. oryzae populations on rice and its past history of invasion have never been elucidated. To investigate the centers of diversity, of origin and of migration of M. oryzae on rice, we analyzed the genetic diversity of fifty-five samples from fifteen countries. Three genetic clusters were identified worldwide. Asia was the center of diversity and the origin of most migrations to other continents. In Asia, two centers of diversity were revealed in the Himalayan foothills: South China-Laos-North Thailand, and Western Nepal. Sexual reproduction persisted only in the South China-Laos-North Thailand region, which was identified as the putative center of origin of all M. oryzae populations on rice. Our results suggest a scenario of early evolution of M. oryzae on rice that matches the past history of rice domestication. This study confirms that crop domestication may have considerable influence on the pestification process of natural enemies. (Texte intégral)
- Published
- 2013
10. Estudio de la diversidad del hongo responsable de la piriculariosis del arroz, y su aplicación
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Faivre-Rampant, Odile, Adreit, Henri, Milazzo, Joëlle, Saleh, Dounia, Aguilar-Portero, Manuel, Català, Maria M., Pérez, Jorge, Carreres, Ramón, Osca-Lluch, José M., Marqués-Falcó, Luis, Katsantonis, Dimitris, Lupotto, Elisabetta, Piffanelli, Pietro, Fournier, Elisabeth, Tharreau, Didier, and Carreres, Ramón
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Oryza sativa ,Magnaporthe oryzae ,H20 Plant diseases - Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae es responsable de la enfermedad mas importante del arroz en Europa. En este trabajo se recogieron 987 aislados de este hongo en siete países europeos productores de arroz, y se investigó su diversidad genética con 11 marcadores microsatélite. Los genotipos multilocus (MLGs) más frecuentes son comunes a los países europeos. Sin embargo, algunos son específicos de los distintos países, o incluso de determinadas áreas de cultivo. La diversidad genotípica media en los campos de cultivo revela que, a pesar de que hay uno o dos genotipos dominantes, frecuentemente coexisten varios genotipos. La hipótesis del arroz rojo como una fuente de inóculo primario no se puede excluir. La evolución genética de M.oryzae se ha investigado en dos de estos países en los últimos 25 años: en Francia se han observado cambios significativos de la población con el tiempo, al contrario que en ltalia. Estos datos muestran que hay un importante flujo de genes entre las zonas arroceras europeas, probablemente a través del transporte de semillas infectadas. También muestran evidencias de diferenciación en una escala geográfica muy pequeña, lo que sugiere una adaptación local.
- Published
- 2013
11. Centre d'origine, mode de reproduction et migration chez Magnaporthe oryzae
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Saleh, Dounia, Adreit, Henri, Milazzo, Joelle, Ravigné, Virginie, Carlier, Jean, Fournier, Elisabeth, Tharreau, Didier, ProdInra, Migration, Biologie et Génétique des interactions Plantes-parasites pour la Protection Intégrée, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,H20 - Maladies des plantes - Abstract
National audience; Le champignon pathogène du riz Magnaporthe oryzae a une distribution géographique très large puisqu'il est présent sur tous les continents et partout où son hôte est cultivé. Son cycle pathogène est asexué et la reproduction sexuée n'a jamais été observée directement dans la nature mais certaines souches gardent la capacité de se croiser en conditions contrôlées. La reproduction sexuée nécessite deux souches de signes de compatibilité sexuelle opposés. De plus, au moins une des deux souches doit être femelle-fertile, c'est à dire capable de différencier les périthèces, structures femelles où se déroule la méiose. La structure génétique des populations confirme un mode de reproduction asexué dans presque toute l'aire de répartition. Cependant, l'existence de la reproduction sexuée dans certaines populations du Piémont Himalayen a été proposée. L'analyse de la distribution des signes sexuels et de la fertilité femelle dans 54 pays, nous a permis de confirmer que cette zone est la meilleure candidate pour rechercher une reproduction sexuée contemporaine : les deux signes sont présents et la très grande majorité des souches femelle-fertiles (204/225) y est détectée. Nous avons donc étudié plus en détail quatre populations de cette zone pour déterminer si elles présentaient les caractéristiques de populations sexuées. Nous avons montré, par des approches biologiques, génétiques et de simulations, que la reproduction sexuée existe dans une population de Chine (Saleh et al., Molecular Ecology 2012). Plusieurs études ont montré une diversité génétique plus importante en Asie. Nous avons cherché à déterminer plus finement la structure génétique sur ce continent en comparant des populations de Chine, Laos, Thaïlande, Indonésie, et Népal. Nous avons mis en évidence quatre groupes génétiques différenciés et en partie indépendants de la géographie. Nous avons détecté deux centres de diversité (Népal et Sud de la Chine). Ces centres correspondent aux deux zones de domestications du riz. Considérant la reproduction sexuée comme un caractère ancestral, la colocalisation des centres de diversité et des zones de reproduction sexuée laisse supposer que l'un de ces centres est le centre d'origine des souches de M. oryzae pathogènes du riz. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré par des approches d'évolution expérimentale in vitro que la fertilité femelle pouvait être perdue très rapidement quand M. oryzae est soumis à un mode de reproduction strictement clonal (Saleh et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012). L'ensemble de ces travaux permet de proposer un scénario de migrations de M. oryzae depuis le piémont Himalayen vers toutes les régions du monde où le riz est cultivé. Ces migrations ont été accompagnées par une perte systématique de la reproduction sexuée. Cette dernière a probablement été contre-sélectionnée car, dans un système cultivé, elle ne présentait pas d'avantage sélectif pour la migration, la multiplication ou la conservation de l'agent pathogène
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- 2012
12. Sex at the origin: an Asian population of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae reproduces sexually
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Saleh, Dounia, Xu, Peng, Shen, Ying, Li, Chenguyn, Adreit, Henri, Milazzo, Joelle, Ravigné, Virginie, Bazin, Eric, Notteghem, Jean-Loup, Fournier, Elisabeth, Tharreau, Didier, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Food Crops Res Inst, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS), China Natl Rice Res Inst, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), CIRAD, INRA, ANR [ANR 07-BDIV-003], Yunnan State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs [20085300070, S20095300001], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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Fertilité ,sexual reproduction ,Oryza sativa ,yeast ,Génétique des populations ,protection des plantes ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,mating type ,levure ,pathologie végétale ,reproduction sexuée ,H20 - Maladies des plantes ,Comportement sexuel ,rice ,food and beverages ,population genetics ,Magnaporthe oryzae ,recombination ,Recombinaison ,Magnaporthe ,oryza ,Cycle de développement ,female fertility ,crop protection - Abstract
Bgpi : équipe 5; Sexual reproduction may be cryptic or facultative in fungi and therefore difficult to detect. Magnaporthe oryzae, which causes blast, the most damaging fungal disease of rice, is thought to originate from southeast Asia. It reproduces asexually in all rice-growing regions. Sexual reproduction has been suspected in limited areas of southeast Asia, but has never been demonstrated in contemporary populations. We characterized several M. oryzae populations worldwide both biologically and genetically, to identify candidate populations for sexual reproduction. The sexual cycle of M. oryzae requires two strains of opposite mating types, at least one of which is female-fertile, to come into contact. In one Chinese population, the two mating types were found to be present at similar frequencies and almost all strains were female-fertile. Compatible strains from this population completed the sexual cycle in vitro and produced viable progenies. Genotypic richness and linkage disequilibrium data also supported the existence of sexual reproduction in this population. We resampled this population the following year, and the data obtained confirmed the presence of all the biological and genetic characteristics of sexual reproduction. In particular, a considerable genetic reshuffling of alleles was observed between the 2 years. Computer simulations confirmed that the observed genetic characteristics were unlikely to have arisen in the absence of recombination. We therefore concluded that a contemporary population of M. oryzae, pathogenic on rice, reproduces sexually in natura in southeast Asia. Our findings provide evidence for the loss of sexual reproduction by a fungal plant pathogen outside its centre of origin.
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- 2012
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13. Conséquences de la domestication du riz sur son principal agent pathogène fongique, Magnaporthe oryzae: structure des populations, dispersion, et évolution du régime de reproduction
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Saleh, Dounia
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Domestication ,Magnaporthe ,Cycle de développement ,F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phyto-géographie ,Oryza ,Reproduction sexuée ,H20 - Maladies des plantes - Published
- 2011
14. Discovery of a sexually reproducing population of the main fungal pathogen of rice, Magnaporthe oryzae, in Asia
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Tharreau, Didier, Saleh, Dounia, Fournier, Elisabeth, Xu, P., Li, C., Adreit, Henri, Milazzo, Joëlle, Ravigné, Virginie, Bazin, Eric, Tao, Dayun, and Nottéghem, Jean-Loup
- Subjects
Oryza ,Magnaporthe grisea ,H20 - Maladies des plantes - Abstract
Determining if recombination occurs is of uttermost importance, particularly in pathogenic species, since it impacts the adaptive potential of populations. This might be strenuous in fungi, where sex can be cryptic or facultative. Magnaporthe oryzae is the heterothallic fungus responsible for rice blast. Its sexual cycle was never observed in the field and the worldwide population genetic structure is consistent with asexual reproduction. However, previous scattered data suggested that recombination could occur in limited areas of South Asia. Here we provide biological and population genetics evidences that M. oryzae reproduces sexually in some localities in China. In one population, almost all strains were female fertile, whereas this phenotype required for sexual reproduction is rare or absent in most populations. Strains from complementary mating types were also present in equal frequencies and underwent normal sexual cycle in vitro. Population genetics parameters fitted a recombinant population. Computer simulations confirmed that this genetic structure could not be observed without recombination. An in vitro evolution experiment showed the loss of female fertility after few clonal reproduction cycles. The wild phenotype was not restored by various stresses. The loss of female fertility segregated in progenies of crosses between evolved strains and wild ones, indicating a putative genetic basis. (Texte intégral)
- Published
- 2011
15. Transcriptomes of plant gametophytes have a higher proportion of rapidly evolving and young genes than sporophytes
- Author
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Gossmann, Toni I, primary, Saleh, Dounia, additional, Schmid, Marc W, additional, Spence, Michael A, additional, and Schmid, Karl J, additional
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- 2015
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16. La reproduction sexuée de Magnaporthe oryzae existe-t-elle au champ ?
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Saleh, Dounia, Fournier, Elisabeth, Tharreau, Didier, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plantes-Agents Pathogènes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
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chine ,REPRODUCTION ,oryza sativa ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,asie ,champignon phytopathogène ,MAGNAPORTHE ,TYPE SEXUEL ,RIZ ,GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS ,pathologie végétale - Abstract
National audience; Magnaporthe oryzae est un champignon pathogène du riz et d’autres Poacées. Chez cet Ascomycète, la reproduction sexuée n’a jamais été observée dans la nature mais certaines souches gardent la capacité de se croiser en conditions contrôlées. M. oryzae est hétérothallique, la reproduction sexuée nécessite donc 2 souches de signes de compatibilité sexuelle (SCS) opposés (Mat1.1 et Mat1.2 codés par 2 gènes différents au locus MAT). De plus, au moins une des 2 souches doit être femelle-fertile, c’est à dire capable de différencier les périthèces, structures femelles où se déroule la méiose. La structure génétique des populations collectées sur riz suggère un mode de reproduction majoritairement asexué dans presque toute l’aire de répartition. Mais l’existence de reproduction sexuée dans l’aire d’origine supposée de l’agent pathogène, le Piémont Himalayen, est suspectée. Dans un premier temps, nous avons essayé de localiser les zones où la reproduction sexuée pourrait se produire en étudiant la distribution des SCS et de la fertilité femelle dans 54 pays. Le SCS et la fertilité femelle de plus de 2 400 souches ont été testés par croisement avec des souches de référence. Le SCS de 900 souches supplémentaires a été déterminé par PCR. En Europe, seul le SCS Mat1.1 a été détecté, ailleurs les 2 SCS sont présents. La très grande majorité des souches femelle-fertiles (139/142) a été détectée en Asie. Dans les pays du Piémont Himalayen, la fréquence de souches femelle-fertiles est élevée (parfois plus de 70%) et les fréquences des deux SCS sont équilibrées. Nous avons donc étudié la structure génétique de 4 populations de cette zone (Chine et Thaïlande) pour déterminer si elle est compatible avec l’existence de reproduction sexuée. Les souches ont été génotypées à l’aide de 25 marqueurs microsatellites. La recombinaison étant l’une des conséquences les plus importantes de la reproduction sexuée, le taux de recombinaison a été estimé en utilisant différentes méthodes : l’estimation du déséquilibre de liaison multilocus (indices d’association), puis des méthodes de maximum de vraisemblance. Cette étude a aussi été faite sur 4 populations mondiales présumées asexuées. Par ailleurs, le polymorphisme des gènes MAT a été étudié sur ces souches, et les premiers résultats sont cohérents avec les tests biologiques. A ce stade, les données sont encore en cours d’obtention mais les premiers résultats vont dans le sens d’une reproduction sexuée dans certaines populations de la zone d’origine (Chine).
- Published
- 2010
17. South-East Asia is the center of origin, diversity and dispersion of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae
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Saleh, Dounia, Milazzo, Joëlle, Adreit, Henri, Fournier, Elisabeth, Tharreau, Didier, Saleh, Dounia, Milazzo, Joëlle, Adreit, Henri, Fournier, Elisabeth, and Tharreau, Didier
- Abstract
Inferring invasion routes and identifying reservoirs of diversity of plant pathogens are essential in proposing new strategies for their control. Magnaporthe oryzae, the fungus responsible for rice blast disease, has invaded all rice growing areas. Virulent genotypes regularly (re)emerge, causing rapid resistance breakdowns. However, the world-wide genetic subdivision of M. oryzae populations on rice and its past history of invasion have never been elucidated. In order to investigate the centers of diversity, origin and migration of M. oryzae on rice, we analyzed the genetic diversity of 55 populations from 15 countries. Three genetic clusters were identified world-wide. Asia was the center of diversity and the origin of most migrations to other continents. In Asia, two centers of diversity were revealed in the Himalayan foothills: South China-Laos-North Thailand, and western Nepal. Sexual reproduction persisted only in the South China-Laos-North Thailand region, which was identified as the putative center of origin of all M. oryzae populations on rice. Our results suggest a scenario of early evolution of M. oryzae on rice that matches the past history of rice domestication. This study confirms that crop domestication may have considerable influence on the pestification process of natural enemies.
- Published
- 2014
18. Regional co-occurrence between distinct Bemisia tabaci species in Tunisia with new insights into the role of host plants
- Author
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Laarif, Asma, primary, Saleh, Dounia, additional, Clouet, Cécile, additional, and Gauthier, Nathalie, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Asexual reproduction induces a rapid and permanent loss of sexual reproduction capacity in the rice fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae : Results of in vitro experimental evolution assays
- Author
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Saleh, Dounia, Milazzo, Joëlle, Adreit, Henri, Tharreau, Didier, Fournier, Elisabeth, Saleh, Dounia, Milazzo, Joëlle, Adreit, Henri, Tharreau, Didier, and Fournier, Elisabeth
- Abstract
Background: Sexual reproduction is common in eukaryotic microorganisms, with few species reproducing exclusively asexually. However, in some organisms, such as fungi, asexual reproduction alternates with episodic sexual reproduction events. Fungi are thus appropriate organisms for studies of the reasons for the selection of sexuality or clonality and of the mechanisms underlying this selection. Magnaporthe oryzae, an Ascomycete causing blast disease on rice, reproduces mostly asexually in natura. Sexual reproduction is possible in vitro and requires (i) two strains of opposite mating types including (ii) at least one female-fertile strain (i.e. a strain able to produce perithecia, the female organs in which meiosis occurs). Female-fertile strains are found only in limited areas of Asia, in which evidence for contemporary recombination has recently been obtained. We induced the forced evolution of four Chinese female-fertile strains in vitro by the weekly transfer of asexual spores (conidia) between Petri dishes. We aimed to determine whether female fertility was rapidly lost in the absence of sexual reproduction and whether this loss was controlled genetically or epigenetically. Results: All the strains became female-sterile after 10 to 19 rounds of selection under asexual conditions. As no single-spore isolation was carried out, the observed decrease in the production of perithecia reflected the emergence and the invasion of female-sterile mutants. The female-sterile phenotype segregated in the offspring of crosses between female-sterile evolved strains and female-fertile wild-type strains. This segregation was maintained in the second generation in backcrosses. Female-sterile evolved strains were subjected to several stresses, but none induced the restoration of female fertility. This loss of fertility was therefore probably due to genetic rather than epigenetic mechanisms. In competition experiments, female-sterile mutants produced similar numbers of viable conid
- Published
- 2012
20. South‐East Asia is the center of origin, diversity and dispersion of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae
- Author
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Saleh, Dounia, primary, Milazzo, Joëlle, additional, Adreit, Henri, additional, Fournier, Elisabeth, additional, and Tharreau, Didier, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Asexual reproduction induces a rapid and permanent loss of sexual reproduction capacity in the rice fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae: results of in vitroexperimental evolution assays
- Author
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Saleh, Dounia, primary, Milazzo, Joëlle, additional, Adreit, Henri, additional, Tharreau, Didier, additional, and Fournier, Elisabeth, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Sex at the origin: an Asian population of the rice blast fungusMagnaporthe oryzaereproduces sexually
- Author
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SALEH, DOUNIA, primary, XU, PENG, additional, SHEN, YING, additional, LI, CHENGUYN, additional, ADREIT, HENRI, additional, MILAZZO, JOËLLE, additional, RAVIGNÉ, VIRGINIE, additional, BAZIN, ERIC, additional, NOTTÉGHEM, JEAN-LOUP, additional, FOURNIER, ELISABETH, additional, and THARREAU, DIDIER, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. South-East Asia is the center of origin, diversity and dispersion of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae.
- Author
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Saleh D, Milazzo J, Adreit H, Fournier E, and Tharreau D
- Subjects
- Alleles, Asia, Southeastern, Discriminant Analysis, Geography, Phylogeny, Principal Component Analysis, Genetic Variation, Magnaporthe genetics, Oryza microbiology
- Abstract
• Inferring invasion routes and identifying reservoirs of diversity of plant pathogens are essential in proposing new strategies for their control. Magnaporthe oryzae, the fungus responsible for rice blast disease, has invaded all rice growing areas. Virulent genotypes regularly (re)emerge, causing rapid resistance breakdowns. However, the world-wide genetic subdivision of M. oryzae populations on rice and its past history of invasion have never been elucidated. • In order to investigate the centers of diversity, origin and migration of M. oryzae on rice, we analyzed the genetic diversity of 55 populations from 15 countries. • Three genetic clusters were identified world-wide. Asia was the center of diversity and the origin of most migrations to other continents. In Asia, two centers of diversity were revealed in the Himalayan foothills: South China-Laos-North Thailand, and western Nepal. Sexual reproduction persisted only in the South China-Laos-North Thailand region, which was identified as the putative center of origin of all M. oryzae populations on rice. • Our results suggest a scenario of early evolution of M. oryzae on rice that matches the past history of rice domestication. This study confirms that crop domestication may have considerable influence on the pestification process of natural enemies., (© 2013 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2013 New Phytologist Trust.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Sex at the origin: an Asian population of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae reproduces sexually.
- Author
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Saleh D, Xu P, Shen Y, Li C, Adreit H, Milazzo J, Ravigné V, Bazin E, Nottéghem JL, Fournier E, and Tharreau D
- Subjects
- Asia, Computer Simulation, Crosses, Genetic, DNA, Fungal genetics, Genes, Mating Type, Fungal, Genetics, Population, Magnaporthe growth & development, Recombination, Genetic, Magnaporthe genetics, Magnaporthe physiology, Oryza microbiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Reproduction genetics, Reproduction physiology
- Abstract
Sexual reproduction may be cryptic or facultative in fungi and therefore difficult to detect. Magnaporthe oryzae, which causes blast, the most damaging fungal disease of rice, is thought to originate from southeast Asia. It reproduces asexually in all rice-growing regions. Sexual reproduction has been suspected in limited areas of southeast Asia, but has never been demonstrated in contemporary populations. We characterized several M. oryzae populations worldwide both biologically and genetically, to identify candidate populations for sexual reproduction. The sexual cycle of M. oryzae requires two strains of opposite mating types, at least one of which is female-fertile, to come into contact. In one Chinese population, the two mating types were found to be present at similar frequencies and almost all strains were female-fertile. Compatible strains from this population completed the sexual cycle in vitro and produced viable progenies. Genotypic richness and linkage disequilibrium data also supported the existence of sexual reproduction in this population. We resampled this population the following year, and the data obtained confirmed the presence of all the biological and genetic characteristics of sexual reproduction. In particular, a considerable genetic reshuffling of alleles was observed between the 2 years. Computer simulations confirmed that the observed genetic characteristics were unlikely to have arisen in the absence of recombination. We therefore concluded that a contemporary population of M. oryzae, pathogenic on rice, reproduces sexually in natura in southeast Asia. Our findings provide evidence for the loss of sexual reproduction by a fungal plant pathogen outside its centre of origin., (© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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