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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain illness that causes gradual memory loss. AD has no treatment and cannot be cured, so early detection is critical. Various AD diagnosis approaches are used in this regard, but Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides the most helpful neuroimaging tool for detecting AD. In this paper, we employ a DenseNet-201 based transfer learning technique for diagnosing different Alzheimer's stages as Non-Demented (ND), Moderate Demented (MOD), Mild Demented (MD), Very Mild Demented (VMD), and Severe Demented (SD). The suggested method for a dataset of MRI scans for Alzheimer's disease is divided into five classes. Data augmentation methods were used to expand the size of the dataset and increase DenseNet-201's accuracy. It was found that the proposed strategy provides a very high classification accuracy. This practical and reliable model delivers a success rate of 98.24%. The findings of the experiments demonstrate that the suggested deep learning approach is more accurate and performs well compared to existing techniques and state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The coordination polymer {[Cu6(CN)6]·HPD}n, CP1; (HPD = heptane‐1,7‐diamine) was prepared and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and elemental analyses. The copper atoms are coordinated by C ≡ N ligands, and both exhibit tetrahedral geometry. Cu1 and Cu2 create the pretty unique cluster structure of two quadruple [Cu2(μ3‐CN)2] units exhibiting coprophilic interaction. The building blocks [Cu3(CN)3]2 form fused distorted rectangular rings surrounded with the [Cu2(μ3‐CN)2] motifs exhibiting wide voids to accommodate the guest HPD. The structure of 1 indicates the formation of channels with dimensions 5.121–8.469 Ǻ which extend three‐dimensionally creating fused cavity morphology with different shapes. CP1 was utilized as an efficient sensor for selective quantitative estimation of metal ions (Co2+) and explosives (NB). Advanced oxidation process (AOP) was used as an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of the antibiotic meloxicam (MEL) utilizing AOP in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidant. Scavenge experiments, reusability of catalyst 1, and mechanism of oxidation were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a nanocomposite that accumulates biocompatibility and antimicrobial behaviour is an essential requirement for biomedical applications. Hydroxyapatite (HAP), graphene oxide, and vivianite in one ternary nanocomposite with three phases and shapes led to an increase in cell viability to 97.6% ± 4 for the osteoblast cells in vitro. The obtained nanocomposites were investigated for their structural features using X‐ray diffraction, while the microstructure features were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope. The analysis showed a decrease in the crystal size to 13 nm, while the HAP grains reached 30 nm. The elongated shape of vivianite reached 200 nm on SEM micrographs. The monoclinic and hexagonal crystal systems of HAP and vivianite were presented in the ternary nanocomposite. The maximum roughness peak height reached 236.1 nm for the ternary nanocomposite from 203.3 nm, while the maximum height of the roughness parameter reached 440.7 nm for the di‐nanocomposite of HAP/graphene oxide from 419.7 nm. The corrosion current density reached 0.004 μA/cm2. The ferrous (Fe2+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions released were measured and confirmed. Therefore, the morphology of the nanocomposites affected bacterial activity. This was estimated as an inhibition zone and reached 14.5 ± 0.9 and 13.4 ± 1.1 mm for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) after 24 h. The increase in viability and the antibacterial activity refer to the compatibility of the nanocomposite in different medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidative of MB has been catalyzed with the SCP 1. [•] First-order kinetics is observed with respect to each of MB and H2O2. [•] The irradiation enhanced the rate of MB mineralization. [•] The reactive oxygen species were identified by photoluminescence probing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polymer electrolyte system of methylcellulose (MC) doped with various sodium bromide (NaBr) salt concentrations is prepared in this study using the solution cast technique. FTIR and XRD were used to identify the structural changes in solid films. Sharp crystalline peaks appeared at the XRD pattern at 40 and 50 wt.% of NaBr salt. The electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study illustrates that the loading of NaBr increases the electrolyte conductivity at room temperature. The DC conductivity of 6.71 × 10−6 S/cm is obtained for the highest conducting electrolyte. The EIS data are fitted with the electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) to determine the impedance parameters of each film. The EEC modeling helps determine the circuit elements, which is decisive from the engineering perspective. The DC conductivity tendency is further established by dielectric analysis. The EIS spectra analysis shows a decrease in bulk resistance, demonstrating free ion carriers and conductivity boost. The dielectric property and relaxation time confirmed the non-Debye behavior of the electrolyte system. An incomplete semicircle further confirms this behavior model in the Argand plot. The distribution of relaxation times is related to the presence of conducting ions in an amorphous structure. Dielectric properties are improved with the addition of NaBr salt. A high value of a dielectric constant is seen at the low frequency region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy crisis globally has severely damaged the economy of the globe which forces researchers and scientists to provide a new promising technology. Also, the rapid depletion of fossil fuels leads to an energy crisis & environmental concern, because of this, economic stress is created for the people of the world. To overcome these, water splitting is sustainable and renewable energy, but it requires active electrocatalysts. The nanostructure material morphology characterization was investigated by the, XRD, EDS, SEM, HRTEM, EELS chemical composition maps through & XPS which properly reveal the nanocomposite materials morphology strongly aggregates. The materials exhibit outstanding OER response as compared to Co 3 O 4 & manganese sulfide due to the synergetic effect produced in the composite materials including fast charge transport from MoSO X , active sites & high density of Co 3 O 4 , which accelerates the OER kinetics. Between the composites, Co 3 O 4 -MoSO X with the greatest amount of Co 3 O 4 (S4 0.7g) content owns the lower overpotential to produce OER kinetics & having a 60 mV dec−1 and Tafel slope of as compared to other material. Further, for the exchange of current density of 2.97 × 10−3A/cm2 & it is extremely durable for 45 h. The EIS ensure the fast charge transport for the extra addition of pristine S4 (0.7g) in the composite, which potentially enhanced the production of the OER kinetics activity. In this regard transition metal oxide especially, Co 3 O 4 is promising material, but it requires certain strategies to improve its catalytic kinetics activity & stability for the full water splitting. Keeping these challenges, the proposed study is of great concern to economical and societal needs, which can lead to a boost in the electrochemical applications in particular oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, rapid efforts must be made to realize the nonprecious catalysts for water splitting and equality compete with the world in the hydrogen/electron economy. • An overview of existing challenges and future directions for the electrochemical water splitting. • Efficient Co 3 O 4 /MoSO X catalyst excites towards the excellent activity for OER at low overpotentials. • The Tafel slope of Co 3 O 4 /MoSO X , stands 60 mV dec−1. • The Co 3 O 4 /MoSO X having exchange of current density of 2.97 × 10−3A/cm2. • Co 3 O 4 /MoSO X electrodes demonstrated an enhanced rate performance for the OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a nanocomposite that accumulates biocompatibility and antimicrobial behaviour is an essential requirement for biomedical applications. Hydroxyapatite (HAP), graphene oxide, and vivianite in one ternary nanocomposite with three phases and shapes led to an increase in cell viability to 97.6% ± 4 for the osteoblast cells in vitro. The obtained nanocomposites were investigated for their structural features using X-ray diffraction, while the microstructure features were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope. The analysis showed a decrease in the crystal size to 13 nm, while the HAP grains reached 30 nm. The elongated shape of vivianite reached 200 nm on SEM micrographs. The monoclinic and hexagonal crystal systems of HAP and vivianite were presented in the ternary nanocomposite. The maximum roughness peak height reached 236.1 nm for the ternary nanocomposite from 203.3 nm, while the maximum height of the roughness parameter reached 440.7 nm for the di-nanocomposite of HAP/graphene oxide from 419.7 nm. The corrosion current density reached 0.004 μA/cm 2 . The ferrous (Fe 2+ ) and calcium (Ca 2+ ) ions released were measured and confirmed. Therefore, the morphology of the nanocomposites affected bacterial activity. This was estimated as an inhibition zone and reached 14.5 ± 0.9 and 13.4 ± 1.1 mm for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) after 24 h. The increase in viability and the antibacterial activity refer to the compatibility of the nanocomposite in different medical applications., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)