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Background: Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as a major public health concern. It is a common pathogen in animal and human medicine. Aim: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) was used to fingerprint 10 strains of S. aureus obtained from nasal swabs in domesticated animals and humans to ascertain how comparable the different strains' genetic makeup was. Methods: These isolates were previously identified using standard molecular and microbiological methods. ERIC primers were amplified for all isolates. The dendrogram was generated using PGMA and the Dice similarity coefficient. The strains were genotyped according to the diversity of sample source (human or animal), and the geographic source. Results: Ten S. aureus strains were classified into eight "ERIC" kinds (genotypes) using "ERIC-PCR genotyping", in which the two most common clones were genotypes 8 and 2, which were represented by one strain from humans, one from cows, and two strains from sheep. Two strains derived from separate geographic areas and from different sample sources (human and cow) were determined to share the same genotype. Another two strains from different geographic areas but from the same sample source (sheep) were categorized under the same genotype. All the remaining strains were classified as a singular genotype. Conclusion: This study supports the possible bacterial transmission from animal to human and from animals themselves that usually happens during live animal marketing. Recognizing the interconnected nature of transmission systems and implementing the required approaches to disease prevention and control is essential for mitigating the risks posed by bacterial pathogens. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2256-2260]

Post-harvesting losses are significant in India. The storage requirements for vegetables and fruits are different, and they can be stored for shorter and longer periods. The power supply in rural and remote areas is irregular during summer; hence, the cooling system can be powered using renewable energy sources like solar. Hence, in this study, a three-stage cooling system consisting of an indirect evaporative cooler, direct evaporative cooler, and vapor compression-based cooling system was fabricated and tested using power developed by a solar photovoltaic system. The developed three-stage cooling system is the most promising and can be operated based on the storage conditions required for the particular products to be stored. A performance study was undertaken for the same, and from the experimental results, it was observed that it could reduce the dry bulb temperature up to 14.2° C and increase cooling efficiency by up to 86% with a significant reduction in power consumption. The higher fan speed of 3000 rpm results in the lowest DBT reductions of 16.33, 29.67, and 52.66% for the IEC, IDEC, and IDEC + VCR stages, respectively. The higher fan speed produces a better cooling effect but increases power consumption and reduces the exergy efficiency. The proposed solar three-stage cooling system is a multipurpose, affordable, and renewable energy-driven cooling system for different applications. Small-scale growers, distributors, and merchants could utilize the multi-stage cooling system to store and chill horticulture goods, minimizing spoilage of fresh produce after harvest.

Abstract Background Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a grouping of heterogeneous disorders with multifactorial origins. Stabilization splints (SS) have demonstrated an acceptable treatment effect in TMD. The possible changes at the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue levels need to be addressed to evaluate the benefit/risk ratio of this therapeutic procedure. Accordingly, this study aimed to three‑dimensionally evaluate skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes after SS treatment for patients with TMD. Methods This retrospective study included 74 adult patients with myofascial and/or intra-articular disorders (25 males and 49 females), with an average age of 22.88 ± 4.8 years, who underwent SS treatment. Pre- and post-treatment Cone beam computed tomography were analysed using Invivo 6.0.3 software. The primary outcome was the vertical skeletal and dentoalveolar changes, while the secondary outcomes were the anteroposterior skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analyses. Results For the primary outcome; skeletally, there was a significant increase in mandibular plane inclination (difference: 0.82°±1.37), decrease facial height ratio (difference: 0.45%±1.07) and at the dentoalveolar level, the inclination of the functional (FOP-SN, FOP-FH) and bisecting (BOP-SN, BOP-FH) occlusal planes exhibited a significant increase too (difference: 0.38 ± 1.43°, 0.49 ± 1.62°, 0.44 ± 1.29° and 0.41 ± 1.17°, respectively) and also a decrease in the overbite (difference: -0.54 ± 0.83). For the secondary outcomes; there was a significant decrease in mandibular position (SNB) (difference: 1.60 ± 1.36°) and increase in the overjet (difference: 0.93 ± 1.04, p

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to human health that leads to disasters. Acinetobacter baumannii cannot be controlled by the existing antibiotics, and it became challenging. Therefore, novel antibacterial agents are required to combat such threats. The aim of this project is to find a novel antimicrobial agent to treat this multi-drug resistant bacterium. Methods: The NisA gene was isolated from Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis and cloned into the pET-3a plasmid using Gibson cloning assembly. Purified Nisin from cloning was conjugated with silver nanoparticles. Finally, an assessment of antibacterial activity for each of the purified Nisin, Silver nanoparticles, and Nisin-Silver nanoparticles conjugate against the extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii was performed. Results: Nisin was successfully purified from cloned bacteria, and the concentration was 416 µg/ml. The conjugation of nisin and silver nanoparticles was analyzed by electron microscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Nisin and silver nanoparticles against A. baumannii were 104 µg/ml and 125 µg/ml, respectively. While Nisin-silver nanoparticle conjugates showed potent antimicrobial activity with MIC 125–52 µg/ml in which silver nanoparticles increased the antimicrobial activity of nisin beyond its optimum concentration (104 µg/ml). ‎ Conclusion: The development of new antibacterial agents is necessary to control extensively drug-resistant bacteria. Nisin-silver conjugates showed more potent antimicrobial activity than when applied separately and gave hope to combat the multi-drug resistant A. baumannii.

This study addresses the inherent brittleness of ultra-high-performance fiber re-inforced concrete (UHPFRC) by introducing a U-shaped specimen and investigating the impact strength of U-shaped UHPFRC retrofitted with polyurethane (PU) grout overlays. A drop-weight impact test was conducted on the U-shaped specimens utilizing a 2.1 kg weight. Various PU overlay thicknesses (5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm) were applied to the specimens. Machine learning techniques, specifically artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR) were utilized to analyze the experimental data. Results indicate that UHPFRC cast with PU grout overlaid exhibit decrease in flexural strength compare to reference specimens. On the other hand, significance improvement in impact resistance were observed, with overlaid thickness. The addition of 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm PU grout layers substantially improved the first crack strength of UHPFRC-5PU, UHPFRC-10PU, and UHPFRC-15PU specimens by 94 %, 340.3 %, and 600 %, respectively, compared to UHPFRC-0PU. Machine learning models accurately predicted failure crack strength (N2), with ANN and SVR achieving determination correlation (R2) values of 0.9838 and 0.9816 during the training and testing phases, respectively.

Abstract Background Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass pain and dysfunction in the jaw, muscles, and adjacent structures. This study aimed to explore the quantitative (condylar position, morphology) and qualitative (bone mineral density (BMD)) therapeutic outcomes following a stabilization splint (S.S.) therapy in adult patients diagnosed with TMD (Arthralgia) with/without lateral mandibular asymmetry (MA) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods In this retrospective clinical study, 60 adult TMD patients who received S.S. therapy were enrolled and allocated into the TMD group (TMDG) and TMD with MA group (TMD + MAG). The diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) AXIS I. MA was measured from the mid-sagittal plane to the Menton point. CBCT was used to scan the temporomandibular joints pre- (T0) and post- (T1)-treatment for three-dimensional analysis. Intra- and intergroup statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks and the Kruskal‒Wallis test. Results For quantitative comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference between T0 and T1 in the joint spaces of TMD + MAG (anterior, superior, posterior, and coronal lateral on the deviated side as well as in the superior, coronal medial joint space of the contralateral side). Morphologically, the deviated side had a narrower condylar width, reduced condylar height, and a steeper eminence angle. In contrast, the contralateral side tended to have a greater condylar length. For qualitative measurements, BMD also showed statistical significance between T0 and T1 in the majority of the condyle slopes (AS, SS, PS, and LS on the deviated side and in AS and MS on the contralateral side) of TMD + MAG. Additionally, only the AS and PS showed significance in TMDG. Conclusion Multiple joint space widening (AJS and CMS) and narrowing (SJS, PJS, and CLS) could characterize the deviated side in TMD + MA. Factors like narrower condylar width, reduced condylar height, and steeper eminence angle on the deviated side can worsen TMD + MA. Proper alignment of the condyle-disc position is essential for optimal function and load distribution, potentially affecting bone mineral density (BMD). MA plays a prominent role in disturbing bone densities. S.S. therapy shows more evident outcomes in TMD + MAG (on the deviated side compared to the contralateral side) than the TMDG.