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Introduction: SPN is a rare, low-grade malignancy that accounts for 1-3% of all pancreatic neoplasms and tends to affect young females. It can be asymptomatic or present with abdominal pain, and surgical resection is the only curative treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with biopsy proven Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas between January 2016 and June 2021. The study included 14 cases, including 7 resection specimens and 7 biopsies, and was conducted at a tertiary referral center in Pakistan Results: All 14 patients were female and ranged in age from 15 to 48 years old, with a mean age of 24. The most common symptom was abdominal pain, and the head of the pancreas was the most common location of the tumor. Tumor size ranged from 5 cm to 18 cm, and one patient had lymph node involvement and two patients had hepatic metastasis. Most patients received surgical treatment, and follow-up information was available for 8 out of the 14 patients, who were all alive with no recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: Due to its rarity, non-specific clinical presentation, and imaging findings, it can be challenging to diagnose. There is a lack of data on SPN from South Asia, so this study provides valuable insights into the occurrence and treatment of SPN in this region.

Background: Anxiety and depression often exacerbate multimorbidity conditions, leading to increased disability rates among affected individuals. Objective: The study aimed to assess the mental health status of individuals with multimorbidity belonging to the marginalized population of Karachi, Pakistan. Specifically, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was investigated. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and June 2023 in 10 primary healthcare clinics located in 4 peri-urban areas of Karachi. A total of 9331 participants were included in the study. The Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression. The data collected were analyzed using the statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9.4. Results: Among the study participants, 2894 (31%) were men and 5534 (59.3%) were women. The prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety was 31% among men and 59.3% among women. The age group between 41 and 60 years exhibited the highest rates of moderate to severe anxiety, 19.3% as evaluated by GAD-7 and 34.6% by PHQ-9. The Pathan ethnic group had the highest prevalence of anxiety (11%) and depression (28.3%) in the neighborhoods. Unemployed participants showed moderate to severe anxiety in 21.3% of the cases and moderate to severe depression in 25.5% of the cases. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant cooccurrence of anxiety and depression among individuals with multimorbidity in the marginalized population of Karachi, Pakistan. Furthermore, the presence of anxiety symptoms in multimorbidity patients with depression indicates a more unfavorable health state. It is essential to explore the implementation of screening measures and therapeutic interventions for comorbid anxiety and depression in this population to improve clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tribological components cost just a fraction of the whole spacecraft, but they often lead to failures that partially or completely disrupt the spacecraft. Mechanical components used in space applications have to withstand extreme and severe environmental conditions such as very high or very low cryogenic temperatures, high vacuum, corrosive elements and radiation. MoS2 is the most widely used lubricating material in space applications. It possesses a lamellar structure with strong covalent bonds within layers and simultaneously weak van der Wall’s interlayer bonds, resulting in easy shearing of the crystals in the direction parallel to the basal planes, hence acting as a good solid lubricant. In this research, a thin film nano scale coating of MoS2 was deposited on steel using Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The PVD technique used was the RF magnetron sputtering process. Material characterization was performed using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. According to the results, the developed MoS2 nano coatings have a polycrystalline structure with basal planes that are oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface.

The lubrication effect of solid-based materials has been recognized for centuries, but their use as lubricants dates back to only about 50 years. Solid lubricants are used in applications where parts operate under severe operating conditions such as extreme temperatures and very high vacuum. Solid lubricants replace liquid based lubricants for operation under extreme environmental conditions that are beyond the capability of a liquid-based lubricant such as high or very high vacuum, high and cryogenic temperatures, radiation, corrosive gases, and fretting wear. Applications such as space mechanisms, satellites, space vehicles, turbopumps, nuclear reactors, refrigeration plants, etc are examples of such operating conditions. In this research, nano scale composite coatings of MoS2with varied proportions of ZrN (5%, 10% and 20%) were deposited on Ti3SiC2 Max phase substrate using Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The PVD technique used was the RF magnetron sputtering process. Material characterization was carried out using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Addition of ZrNis observed to reduce the porosity of the self-lubricating MoS2 coating.

Advances and change are inevitable in the health care sector, leading to the promotion and encouragement in medicine and research. Trainees are an excellent resource for evolution because they volunteer at all levels of research and have sufficient clinical experience. Therefore, we will discuss the role of medical trainees as agents of change in academic medicine and health professions overall.

Yoga, a 5000-year-old practice from India, is gaining popularity as a lifestyle intervention for psychiatric illnesses. It includes physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation. Research suggests that yoga has benefits for mental wellness in both healthy individuals and those with mental illness. It has been shown to improve attention, cognitive skills, and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Yoga also has positive effects on individuals with cancer, depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is important to practice yoga under the guidance of qualified instructors to avoid adverse effects. Further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of yoga for mental disorders. [Extracted from the article]

Hurler syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism. Here, we present the case of a young female patient who presented with features of respiratory distress. In addition, the patient had gingival hypertrophy, spaced dentition, misaligned eruptive permanent dentition, microdontia, coarse facial features, low set ears, depressed nasal bridge, distended abdomen, pectus carinatum, umbilical hernia and J-shaped Sella Turcica on an X-ray of the skull. A diagnosis of Hurler syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I) was made. The patient was kept on ventilator support from the third day; however, she died on the fifth day of admission. Enzyme replacement modality of treatment can increase a patient's survival rate if an early diagnosis can be made. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases of Hurler syndrome have been reported in Pakistan.

Introduction: Migraine is a complex, recurrent headache disorder that is one of the most common complaints in neurology practice. The role of various genes in its pathogenesis is being studied. We did this study to see whether an association exists between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and migraine in our region. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 patients diagnosed with migraine and 121 healthy controls. The study subject were age and gender matched. The analysis was based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and included following steps: DNA extraction from blood, PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Results: Out of 100 cases, 69 were females and 31 were males. Fifty-seven were having migraine without aura and 43 had migraine with aura. 45 of the cases had II polymorphism, 40 had ID polymorphism and 15 had DD polymorphism in ACE gene. Conclusion: We were not able to find a statistically significant association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism with migraine. The reason for difference in results between our study and other studies could be because of different ethnicity in study populations. So a continuous research is needed in this regard in order to find the genes and different polymorphism that increase the susceptibility of Kashmiri population to migraine.

Background: Prevalence of physical inactivity is rising in many countries including the developing countries like India, with major implications for the general health of people. This study was carried out with an objective to find the prevalence of Physical inactivity and its association with Hypertension in adult female population of district Srinagar. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among 800 female subjects of age group >18 years during September 2017 to February 2018. Multi stage random sampling method was used and Hypertension was classified as per the 2017 guideline (updated JNC 7). Physical Activity was measured using IPAQ short form. Results: Prevalence of Physical Inactivity of 50.2%. Overall prevalence of Hypertension was 65.1% (Stage1=38.6% and Stage2=26.5). There was a linear positive correlation between Age with Diastolic Blood Pressure and Systolic Blood Pressure. The bivariate logistic regression indicated that risk of Physical inactivity increased with increasing age, marital and blood pressure status after adjusting for the effect of other variables in the model. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that there is high prevalence of physical inactivity among adult women population of Srinagar which has a strong association with Hypertension.