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Description of Conisania. pseudoclara sp. n. and C. tonimayri sp. n. from China and C. suavis volynkini ssp. n. from Russia with 21 colour illustrations and 24 genitalia figures.

Vavizola hela sp. n. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2883141C-35E7-487C-8365-D3C74CB66789 (Figs 1–10, 21–22, 28, 34) Holotype: ♂, Tanzania, Arusha National Park, Miriakamba Hut, -3.2294225707906707, 36.79956440000001, 2500 m, 20.X.2004, slide 17.446, LBEOW1233-11 (MWM/ZSM). Paratypes (2♂, 3♀). Tanzania: ♂, like holotype, slide 1267 (CGM). Kenya: ♂, Taita- Taveta, Voi, 19.XII.1911, leg. Svatosh (ZISP); ♀, Taita- Taveta, SW of Voi, 8–12.XII.2009, leg. Snižek, slide 17.447, LBEOW975-11 (CGM); ♂, Lamu, E of Garsen, W of Witu, 28.IV.2011, leg. Snižek, slide 20.690 (CGM); ♀, Kitui, 202 km E Thika, Sosoma, 4.XII.2010, leg. Snižek, slide 0501 (CGM); ♀, Kitui, E of Mwingi, W of Enguni, 1.XII.2010, leg. Snižek (CGM). Description. Male (Figs 1, 5–6, 8–9). Flagellum covered with creamy and brown scales, rami brown. Head and thorax speckled creamy and brown; thorax dorsally has longitudinal dark stripes. Abdomen brown or reddish brown. Forewing. Forewing length: 19–23 mm; wingspan: 38–45 mm. Elongated, apex blunt, outer margin with indentation on veins and concavity between M 2 and CuA 1. Background color speckled creamy with brown scales. Pattern diagonal (Fig. 1), consist of more or less pronounced discal stroke, speckled medial field, postmedial fascia with dark edges vanishing towards apex, postmedial field and external fascia practically merged into speckled field with dark lines vanishing towards apex as well, and dark external field. Cilia creamy on vines and dark brown between them. Hindwing. Somewhat ovaloid with some indentation on veins. Background color brown or dark brown with dark external field. Cilia speckled creamy and brown, darker between veins. Genitalia (Figs 3, 21–22). Tegumen a narrow band bearing a pair of socia laterally. Socii papilla-shaped, covered with chaetae. Vinculum ventrally elongated, distally bears cubile. Cubile clearly divided medially into a pair of somewhat triangle processes with caudal dent. Cucullus tubercle-like with papilla-shaped medial extension. Sacculus about twice bigger than cucullus, tubercle-like with elongated finger-like apically pointed extension loosely covered with chaetae. Juxta a tiny medial extension of aedeagus. Aedeagus c-shaped with ventral apical spur. Vesica short, wrinkled, caudally narrows. Eight sternite a c-shaped band, posterior margin with medial concavity. Eight tergite somewhat oval widened posteriorly. Female (Figs 2, 7, 10). Reminds male in pattern but paler, larger in size, antenna pectination much shorter. Head and thorax speckled creamy with brown scales. Thorax medially paler with two longitudinal dark stripes. Abdomen brown or orangish with creamy speckles. Forewing. Forewing length: 33–35 mm; wingspan: 67–68 mm. Elongated, apex blunt, outer margin with indentation on veins. Background color speckled creamy with brown scales. Pattern diagonal (Fig. 2), consist of speckled medial field, wavy postmedial fascia with faded dark edges, pale postmedial field, wavy external fascia with faded dark edges, and dark external field. Cilia creamy on vines and dark brown between them. Hindwing. Somewhat ovaloid with some indentation on veins. Background color creamy with dark speckled external field. Cilia speckled creamy and brown, darker between veins. Genitalia (Figs 4, 28). Papillae anales oval, densely covered with chaetae. Posterior and anterior apophyses about the same length. Antevaginal plate somewhat pentagonal with round corners, bends outwards with help of male cubile; together with postvaginal plate forms cup-like antrum. Ostium wrinkled, amorphous. Ductus bursae short. Corpus bursae wrinkled. Variability. Male. One paratype male (Fig. 8) looks distinct compared to the others (Figs 5–6, 9). It was collected in the lowlands, in April. The other adults were collected from altitudes above 500 meters in October and December. It has no significant difference in genitalia and originates near the others, so we consider it within the same species. Overall, male may have more (Fig. 8) or less pronounced and contrasting pattern (Figs 5–6, 9). Dark stroke in forewing medial field may present (Fig. 8) or absent (Figs 5–6, 9). Hindwing may have dark blurred medial fascia (Fig. 8). Cubile may be more sclerotized basally (Fig. 21). Female. Females have stable wing patterns, only the abdomen may get more or less orangish. Antevaginal plate with more (Fig. 4) or less (Fig. 28) protruded medial extension. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dr. Hela Gayatri. She has a motto: “To live in sync with nature with deep appreciation of even the smallest part of it.” In addition to being an ardent lover of nature, she is also a distinguished scientist and a successful inventor and entrepreneur. She has a master’s degree in organic chemistry, a doctorate in chemistry and has international research experience with the Medical Research Council (UK), École Normale Supérieure (France), Texas Medical Center (USA) and National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan). Dr. Hela Gayatri also has expertise in synthetic chemistry, nanotechnology and other leading technologies. She is a serial entrepreneur and graduated from Goldman Sachs 10K (Cohort 2) initiative at NSRCEL, IIM, Bangalore and is an alumni of Goldman Sachs 10K Women Entrepreneur program, reimagining business at ISB, India. Distribution. Southern Kenya and north-eastern Tanzania (for details visit https://bit.ly/ Vavizola _hela). Biology. Adults were collected in April, October, and December from lowlands up to 2,500 meters a.s.l. Preimaginal stages are unknown.

Vavizola gen. n. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 06558427-344F-44B3-A355-3686BD8978B9 (Figs 1–10, 21–22, 28, 34) Diagnosis. The detailed description of morphology is provided for the new species below, since the genus is monotypic. Habitus of Vavizola gen. n. reminds us of some other members of “ Pachypasa sensu lato ” revised by Zolotuhin & Gurkovich (2009): 1) Seydelora Zolotuhin & Gurkovich, 2009; 2) Gufria Zolotuhin & Gurkovich, 2009; 3) Lasiocesa Koçak, 2013; 4) Braura Walker, 1865; and 5) Eutricha Hübner, 1814. Adults of all genera have a diagonal wing pattern, cubile in male genitalia and a corresponding antevaginal plate in female genitalia. 1) Seydelora includes only Seydelora semna (Hering, 1941) from DRC. It has very dark forewings with dark brown medial, postmedial and external fields and a complex speckled white or yellow and brown external fascia; hindwings have a well pronounced dark external field (Figs 13–14). Male adults of Vavizola gen. n. are overall lighter, their forewings are more elongated, medial field is more elongated towards the wing apex, postmedial fascia is developed, the medial white triangle on thorax is absent (compare Figs 5–6, 8–9 and 13); male genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. differ by shorter cucullus and sacculus, and smaller apodema of cubile (compare Figs 21–22 and 25). Female adults of Vavizola gen. n. are overall lighter, their forewings are more elongated, forewing pattern is shifted more towards the wing apex, postmedial and external lines are doubled, medial pale speckled thoracic spot is absent (compare Figs 7, 10 and 14); female genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. differ in the shape of sterigma and presence of cup-like antrum (compare Figs 28 and 29). 2) Zolotuhin & Gurkovich (2009) considered the genus Gufria to be monotypic with the only member Gufria limosa de Villiers, 1827 distributed from Southern Europe to North Africa. We suppose that European and African populations will show a genetic divergence, sufficient to be considered a separate species, similar to experiences with Lemonia philopalus (Donzel, 1842) (see Prozorov et al., 2022b). Here, for comparison, we take adults of G. limosa from Tunisia and Morocco and call them Gufria limosa powelli (Oberthür, 1916) – the earliest taxon from North Africa. Adults are colored in combinations of grey, creamy and brown; medial field on forewing stretches until the wing apex, postmedial field is paler than the others (Figs 17–18). Male adults of Vavizola gen. n. have more elongated forewings with medial field not reaching the wing apex, and postmedial lines (compare Figs 5–6, 8–9 and 17); male genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. differ with shorter cucullus and sacculus, shorter distal outgrowths and lack of lateral dents (compare Figs 21–22 and 23). Female adults of Vavizola gen. n. have more elongated forewings, their forewing pattern consists of more elements and both wings have dark external field (compare Figs 7, 10 and 18); antevaginal plate in female genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. is better developed and antrum is wider (compare Figs 28 and 31). 3) Lasiocesa includes 4 species. Here, for comparison, we take adults (Figs 15–16) and male genitalia (Fig. 26) of the type-species Lasiocesa fulgurata (Aurivillius, 1909) and female genitalia (Fig. 32) of Lasiocesa lanceolata (Hering, 1932) due to only one known bad quality slide of female genitalia of L. fulgurata, all from DRC. Adults are colored in combinations of brown and creamy, forewing has full set of fields and fasciae, while hindwing may be completely brown or creamy with brown external field. Wing pattern of both genera is very similar, however, Vavizola gen. n. is much paler and duller, have narrower postmedial field (compare Figs 5–10 and 15–16). Male genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. differ with shorter cucullus, larger sacculus, and lack medial ridges on processes of cubile (compare Figs 21–22 and 26). Female genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. differ with larger antevaginal plate and presence of cup-like antrum (compare Figs 28 and 32). 4) Braura includes 9 species. For comparison, we take the type-species Braura ligniclusa (Walker, 1865) from RSA. Adults have dark brown forewings with occasionally paler medial field, hind wings dark brown or creamy with darker external field. Male adults of Vavizola gen. n. are overall lighter, but head and thorax cranially are not contrasting (compare Figs 5–6, 8–9 and 11); male genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. differ with smaller cucullus and basally larger sacculus, smaller caudal processes of cubile (compare Figs 21–22 and 24). Female adults of Vavizola gen. n. are overall lighter, but head, thorax cranially, and forewing medial field are not contrasting (compare Figs 7, 10 and 12); female genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. differ in better developed antevaginal plate and presence of cup-like antrum (compare Figs 28 and 30). 5) Eutricha includes 5 species ranging in coloration from creamy to dark brown. Here, for comparison, we use Eutricha capensis (Linnaeus, 1767) from RSA, the type-species of the genus. Adults have well pronounced contrasting postmedial and external fasciae. Male adults of Vavizola gen. n. are overall lighter, their forewings are more elongated, medial field is more elongated towards the wing apex (compare Figs 5–6, 8–9 and 19); male genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. differ with smaller cucullus and sacculus, smaller apical dent of aedeagus (compare Figs 21–22 and 27). Female adults of Vavizola gen. n. are overall paler and duller with contrasting external field (compare Figs 7, 10 and 20); female genitalia of Vavizola gen. n. differ in shape of sterigma (compare Figs 28 and 33). DNA comparison (Fig. 34). Two specimens of Vavizola hela sp. n. were sequenced: the holotype male from Tanzania (Fig. 5) and the paratype female from Kenya (Fig. 10). The two have a 0.8% p -distance which is a little higher than we expected for specimens of a single species collected so closely together. It may be explained by the1200 meters difference in the altitude between collecting localities of the two. The new genus is compared with 18 sequences belonging to 12 biological index numbers (BINs) and 9 genera from the “ Pachypasa sensu lato ” group, missing Seydelora; Pachyna Weymer, 1892; Beriola Zolotuhin & Gurkovich, 2009; Euphorea Zolotuhin & Gurkovich, 2009; and Sophyrita Zolotuhin & Gurkovich, 2009 (see Table 1). We will only compare the new genus with the others without investigation of their internal concerns such as potential polyphyly of Pachytrina Zolotuhin & Gurkovich, 2009 or polytypy of Muzunguja which follow from the tree and p -distances. These differences require a detailed investigation. We can see that intergeneric p -distance lays between 4.7 and 12% (Fig. 34), where the lowest is between Pallastica Zolotuhin & Gurkovich, 2009 and Cleopatrina Zolotuhin & Gurkovich, 2009, and the highest is between Muzunguja and Lasiocesa. The nearest neighbor of Vavizola gen. n. (BOLD:AAV0301) found on BOLD is Eutricha morosa (Walker, 1865) from Malawi (BOLD:ABZ6351) at 5.92%. We selected two other Eutricha species which are not much farther: 6.4 and 7.4%. Other sequences, except Pachytrina sp. at 6.1% (Fig. 34, 10), are farther than any Eutricha. Etymology. Name of the new genus is devoted to Prof. Dr. Vadim Viktorovich Zolotuhin (1967–2021), Russian entomologist specialized on the Old World Lasiocampidae. It is formed by a combination of the first letters of his name by analogy with Tarsozeuzera vavizola Yakovlev, 2006 (Cossidae)., Published as part of Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Yakovlev, Roman V., Volkova, Julia S., Saldaitis, Aidas, Revay, Edita E. & Müller, Günter C., 2023, Vavizola hela - new species and genus of Afrotropic Lasiocampini (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae), pp. 55-66 in Ecologica Montenegrina 62 on pages 57-63, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.62.8, http://zenodo.org/record/8044383, {"references":["Zolotuhin, V. V. & Gurkovich, A. V. (2009) A review of the genus Pachypasa Walker, 1855 sensu lato in Africa (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 63, 1 - 75.","Kocak, A. O. (2013) Nomenclatural notes in the family Lasiocampidae (Lepidoptera). Miscellaneous Papers, 160, 1 - 5.","Walker, F. (1865) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXII. Supplement Part 2, 323 - 706.","Hering, E. M. (1941) Neue Heteroceren aus dem Congo-Gebiet. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaines, 35 (1), 72 - 84.","de Villiers, A. - P. (1827) Note sur trois Lepidopteres inedits ou peu connus de la France meridionale. Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Paris, 5, 471 - 485.","Donzel, M. H. (1842) Description de deux lepidopteres nouveaux recueillis en Barbarie par le capitaine Charlon. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 11, 197 - 199.","Prozorov, A. M., Prozorova, T. A., Volkova, Ju. S., Yakovlev, R. V., Nedoshivina, S. V., Pinzari, M., Pinzari, M., Scalercio, S., Bianco, G., Saldaitis, A., Hausmann, A., Revay, E. E. & Muller, G. C. (2022 b) Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera: Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae). Zootaxa, 5195 (4), 337 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5195.4.2","Oberthur, Ch. (1916) Etudes de lepidopterologie comparee, 12. Imprimerie Oberthur, Rennes, 527 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8792","Aurivillius, Ch. (1909) Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. 9. Arkiv for Zoologi, 5 (5), 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 3496","Hering, E. M. (1932) Neue Heteroceren aus Afrika. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaines, 22 (1), 102 - 117.","Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema Naturae, 1 (2). Editio duodeciima reformata. Impensis Direct. Laur. Salvii, Holmiae, 533 - 1327 pp.","Weymer, G. W. (1892) Exotische Lepidopteren VI. Aus dem Afrikanischen Faunagebiet. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 53 (4 - 5), 79 - 125.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006) New Cossidae (Lepidoptera) from Asia, Africa and Macronesia. Tinea, 19 (3), 188 - 213."]}

Tarika kinha sp. n. (Figs 11, 12, 29, 30, 38) Type material. Holotype (Figs 11, 29): male, “N. Vietnam | Mt. Fan-si-pan W-Seite [W side] | Cha-pa (= Sapa) 1600–1800m | 22.20′N 103.40′E [secondary forest] Sek. Wald/ | [agricultural land] Kulturland 30.vi.–12.VII.1994 | leg. Brechlin & Schintlmeister” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2021-264♁ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM / ZSM). Paratypes: VIETNAM: 13 males, 6 females, same data as holotype, gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2021-231 (male), ZSM Arct. 2021-232 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 7 males, 1 female, same locality as holotype but 15–25.III.1995, Sinyaev & local collectors leg., ex coll. A. Schintlmeister (CKC); 2 females, Mt. Fan-SiPan, W side, Cha-Pa (= Sapa), 1525m, 22°17′N 103°44′E, primary forest, 7–10.VII.1994, Brechlin & Schintlmeister leg. (CKC); 1 female, same data as previous but 6.VII. 1994 (CKC); CHINA: 1 male, 1 female, [Yunnan, Nujiang Valley] Laoutsekiang, ZFMK Lep 153494, gen. prep. by Huang (ZFMK); 1 male, 28.VII.2021, Yunnan, Qiunatong, Nujiang, HSY [Huang Si-yao] leg., ZFMK Lep 153510, gen. prep. by Huang (ZFMK). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 16.5–17.0 mm in males and 20.0–20.5 mm in females. The new species is superficially indistinguishable from T. erlanga sp. n. and T. danieli sp. n., which also occur in South-West China. The male genital capsule of T. kinha sp. n. is similar to T. danieli sp. n. but distinguished by the longer and thicker distal saccular process. The vesica of T. kinha sp. n. differs from T. danieli sp. n. in the laterally interrupted subbasal cluster of spiniform cornuti, and the shorter and distally broader distal diverticulum bearing a broader serrulate plate apically. In the female genitalia, the new species differs from T. danieli sp. n. in the more numerous rib-like lateral subostial crests, and the narrower but more gelatinous posterior section of the corpus bursae. Distribution. North Vietnam (Lào Cai Province) and South-West China (north-western Yunnan Province). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Kinh (Vietnamese) People native to North Vietnam and South China. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas, Černý, Karel & Huang, Si-Yao, 2023, Taxonomic review of the genus Tarika Moore with descriptions of six new species from Nepal, China and Indochina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 5258 (3) on page 290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7780233

Tarika danieli sp. n. (Figs 9, 10, 24–28, 37) Type material. Holotype (Figs 9, 24): male, [China, Yunnan, Lijiang] “Li-kiang ca. 2000m | Prov. Nord-Yuennan | 1.8. 1934 H. Höne ” / “♁” / “Tarica va- | rana Moore” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2021-268♁ | A. Volynkin” (MWM / ZSM). Paratypes: CHINA: 1 male, 2 females, same locality and collector as holotype, but 5.VIII.1934 (male), 31.VII.1934, 14.VII.1934 (females), gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2021-266 (male), ZSM Arct. 2021-267, ZSM Arct. 2021-269 (females) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 24 males, 17 females, same locality and collector as holotype, but 31.VII.1934 (1 male, 1 female), 1.VIII.1934 (1 male), 2.VIII.1934 (2 males, 1 female), 4.VIII.1934 (1 male, 1 female), 5.VIII.1934 (8 males, 2 females), 6.VIII.1934 (3 males, 3 females), 7.VIII.1934 (2 males, 1 female), 8.VIII.1934 (1 male, 2 females), 9.VIII.1934 (1 male), 10.VIII.1934 (1 female), 12.VIII.1934 (1 female), 13.VIII.1934 (1 male, 1 female), 14.VIII.1934 (2 males), 15.VIII.1934 (1 male, 1 female), 18.VIII.1934 (2 females) (ZFMK); 7 males, 2 females, S Sichuan, Mts 20 km S Xichang, 3000m, 20–22.VII.2005, S. Murzin leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2021-233 (male), ZSM Arct. 2021-234 (female) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, [Fujian Prov., ca. 10 Km NNE of Shaowu] Kuatun, Prov. Fukien, 18.IX. Höne, ZFMK Lep153493, gen. prep. by Huang (ZFMK); 1 female, [Jiangsu Prov.] Lungtan b.[ei] Nanking, Prov. Kiangsu, 19.VI.[19]32, H. Höne, ZFMK Lep153492, gen. prep. by Huang (ZFMK). Additional material examined: CHINA: 1 male, [Shandong Prov.] Tai-Shan (Pr. Shantung), Gipfelhöhe [summit elevation] ca. 1550m, 14.V.1934, H. Höne, ZFMK Lep153491, gen. prep. by Huang (ZFMK). Note. The single male specimen from Shandong Province of China has the male genital capsule structure (Fig. 28) very similar to specimens from other populations but displays some differences in the phallus vesica. Compared to other specimens examined (Figs 24–27), it has shorter spiniform cornuti in the subbasal cluster, and a shorter distal diverticulum. The taxonomic value of these differences is unclear due to the lack of additional material from the north of East China therefore we tentatively assign this specimen with T. danieli sp. n. but do not include it in the type series. Diagnosis. The forewing length is 16.5–17.0 mm in males and 19.0–20.0 mm in females. The new species is superficially indistinguishable from T. erlanga sp. n. and T. kinha sp. n., which also occur in South-West China. The male genital capsule of T. danieli sp. n. differs clearly from T. erlanga sp. n. in the robust, hook-shaped distal saccular process whereas it is basally swollen with a thin claw-shaped distal section in the congener. The vesica structure of T. danieli sp. n. differs from T. erlanga sp. n. in the markedly shorter spiniform cornuti in the subbasal cluster, and the bilobate medial diverticulum bearing a thorn-like cornutus on one of the lobes. The female genitalia of the new species are most similar to T. kinha sp. n., the detailed comparison of the genitalia of both sexes of these species is provided below in the diagnosis of T. kinha sp. n. Distribution. China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Fujian, Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces) (Daniel 1954, as T. varana). Etymology. The new species is named after Franz Daniel, a prominent German lepidopterist, who first reported and illustrated it from China as T. varana. The name is a noun in the genitive case.

Tarika reducta sp. n. (Figs 7, 8, 22, 23, 36) Type material. Holotype (Figs 7, 22): male, “ Thailand | Changwat Chiang Mai | Mt. Doi Phahompok | 23 km NW of Fang | 1950 m, 16. VI. 1998 | leg. István Soós | & Attila Szabó | Museum Witt” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2021-076♁ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM / ZSM). Paratypes: THAILAND: 18 males, 25 females, same data as holotype, gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2021-229 (male), ZSM Arct. 2021-230 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 6 females, Chiang Mai, Fang, Doi Pha Hom Pok, 2110m, 20°06′35′′N, 99°07′41′′E, 19–24.III.2007, T. Ihle leg. (CKC); 1 male, 1 female, Chiang Mai, Fang, Doi Pha Hom Pok, 2050m, 20°07′30′′N, 99°08′49′′E, 21.IV.2006, K. Černý leg. (CKC); 3 males, same data as previous but 5–6. V.2006 (CKC); 2 females, Chiang Mai, Fang, Doi Ang Khang, 1425m, 19°54′10′′N, 99°2′28′′E, 25–26. V.2011, K. Černý leg. (CKC); 2 females, same locality as previous but 23–27.VII.2006, T. Ihle leg. (CKC); 3 females, Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon NP, 1500m, 18°31′5′′N, 98°31′50′′E, 28–29.IV.2006, Černý leg. (CKC); 1 male, 2 females, Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon NP, 1416m, 18°30′59′′N, 98°28′13′′E, 30.IV.2006, K. Černý leg. (CKC); 1 female, the same data as previous but 7–8. V.2008, K. Černý leg. (CKC); 2 females, Lampang, Chae Son NP, 1496m, 18°51′22′′N, 99°22′3′′E, 9. VI.2005, K. Černý leg. (CKC). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 15.5–16.0 mm in males and 18.0–19.0 mm in females. Tarika reducta sp. n. differs from most of the congeners in its smaller size and is most similar to T. biserratula sp. n., from which, however, the new species differs in the somewhat broader forewing in both sexes. The male genital capsule of T. reducta sp. n. is reminiscent of T. varana, T. annapurna sp. n. and T. erlanga sp. n. but distinguished by the somewhat longer and more upcurved claw-shaped distal section of the distal saccular process. The vesica of T. reducta sp. n. differs clearly from other congeners in the shorter distal diverticulum and thinner spiniform cornuti in the subbasal cluster. The female genitalia of the new species are distinguished from T. varana and T. erlanga sp. n. by the broader and more gelatinous ductus bursae with a medial constriction. Distribution. North Thailand (Chiang Mai and Lampang Provinces). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the reduced distal diverticulum in the male phallus vesica, which is the shortest in the genus. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas, Černý, Karel & Huang, Si-Yao, 2023, Taxonomic review of the genus Tarika Moore with descriptions of six new species from Nepal, China and Indochina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 5258 (3) on page 289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7780233

Tarika erlanga sp. n. (Figs 5, 6, 20, 21, 35) Type material. Holotype (Figs 5, 20): male, “ China, W. Sichuan, | road Yaan / Kangding | Erlang Shan Mt. | H- 2161 m | N 29°87.340″ | E102°30.970″ | 11–12.ix.2017 | Saldaitis leg.” / “Slide | AV6760 ♁ | A. Volynkin ” (WIGJ). Paratypes: CHINA: 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype, gen. prep. Nos.: AV6761 (female), AV6767 (male) (prepared by Volynkin) (AFM). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 17.0 mm in males and 20.0 mm in female. The new species is superficially indistinguishable from T. danieli sp. n. and T. kinha sp. n., which also occur in South-West China. The male genitalia structure of T. erlanga sp. n. is similar to T. varana and T. annapurna sp. n. but the uncus is not constricted medially, the ventral diverticulum of the vesica is unilobate and lacking the lobe with a cornutus, and the subbasal cluster of spiniform cornuti is somewhat shorter. Additionally, unlike T. annapurna sp. n., the valva of T. erlanga sp. n. is somewhat broader, and the distal diverticulum of the vesica is proximally narrower. The male genitalia of the new species also differ from T. annapurna sp. n. in the broader vinculum, the thinner spiniform cornuti in the subbasal cluster, and the markedly longer distal diverticulum bearing a serrulate plate apically. Compared to the superficially alike T. danieli sp. n. and T. kinha sp. n., the male genitalia of T. erlanga sp. n. are clearly different due to the markedly shorter and thinner distal saccular process, the unilobate medial diverticulum, and the somewhat more elongate distal diverticulum. Additionally, the proximal diverticulum of the new species is shorter and broader than in T. danieli sp. n. and T. kinha sp. n. and is positioned laterally whereas it is positioned dorsally the aforementioned congeners. Since the female of T. annapurna sp. n. is unknown, the female genitalia of T. erlanga sp. n. were compared with T. varana, from which they differ in the evenly tubular ductus bursae (it is posteriorly dilated in T. varana), and the presence of two semiglobular gelatinous and rugose diverticula of the corpus bursae posteriorly at the junction with the ductus bursae. Compared to T. danieli sp. n. and T. kinha sp. n., the female genitalia of T. erlanga sp. n. are distinguished by the markedly shorter, narrower and more weakly sclerotised lateral subostial crests, and the markedly longer posterior section of the ductus bursae. Distribution. South-West China (Sichuan Province). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Erlang Shan Mountain, from where the new species is known. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas, Černý, Karel & Huang, Si-Yao, 2023, Taxonomic review of the genus Tarika Moore with descriptions of six new species from Nepal, China and Indochina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 5258 (3) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7780233

Tarika biserratula sp. n. (Figs 13, 14, 31, 39) Type material. Holotype (Figs 13, 31): male, “ China / Hunan | Nanling Mts., 1500 m | Shikengkong Mt., | 24° 54′ N; 112° 57′ E | 15–30. XI. 2003 | leg. V. Siniaev” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2021-235♁ / A. Volynkin ” (MWM / ZSM). Paratypes: CHINA: 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype, gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2021-236 (female), ZSM Arct. 2021-263 (male) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 15.5 mm in males and 18.0 mm in female. The new species is superficially most similar to T. reducta sp. n. due to its relatively small size but differs from it in the somewhat narrower forewing in both sexes. The male genital capsule of T. biserratula sp. n. is similar to T. danieli sp. n. and T. kinha sp. n. but distinguished by the somewhat thicker arms of the vinculum,the somewhat narrower valva with almost parallel margins (the valva margins are convex in the aforementioned congeners), and the shorter distal saccular process. The vesica of T. biserratula sp. n. differs clearly from other species of Tarika in the larger, trilobate medial diverticulum bearing a broad serrulate plate in the distal lobe. Additionally, the subbasal tubular section of the vesica is remarkably longer than in other congeners. The female genitalia of the new species are distinguished from other species in the genus by the presence of two subostial lobes latero-ventrally, and the elongate and narrow ductus bursae. Distribution. South China (southern Hunan Province). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the presence of two serrulate plates in the phallus vesica. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas, Černý, Karel & Huang, Si-Yao, 2023, Taxonomic review of the genus Tarika Moore with descriptions of six new species from Nepal, China and Indochina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 5258 (3) on pages 290-300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7780233

Genus Tarika Moore, 1878 Tarika Moore, 1878, Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1878: 14. Type species: Lithosia varana Moore, 1865, by subsequent designation by Kirby (1892). Re-description. External morphology of adults (Figs 1–14). Forewing length 15.5–18.0 mm in males and 18.0– 20.5 mm in females. Antenna ciliate in both sexes with longer ciliae in males. Sexual dimorphism substantial. Head and thorax creamy white in male and pure white with ochreous suffusion in female. Male forewing ground colour creamy white. Female forewing broader than in male, with pure white ground colour and yellow costal margin. Abdomen creamy white with ochreous-yellow suffusion distally in both sexes. Male genitalia (Figs 17–31). Uncus ca. half as long as tegumen, relatively broad (length to width ratio ca. 5:1), cavernous, distally tapered with claw-like tip curved ventrad. Arms of tegumen moderately sclerotised, strongly dilated and fused in posterior half. Vinculum with thin arms, more or less equal in length to tegumen, rectangular with medial depression anteriorly. Valva shorter than tegumen-vinculum complex, lobular with almost straight dorsal margin and rounded apex. Costa with postmedial ventral protrusion bearing short weakly setose crest. Sacculus broad (ca. half of valva width). Distal saccular process relatively short (12–15% of total sacculus length), upcurved, hook-shaped or basally swollen with claw-shaped distal section. Juxta shield-like, weakly sclerotised. Phallus somewhat shorter than tegumenuncus complex, cylindrical, almost straight, with short semi-globular coecum. Basal section of vesica tubular with broad dense cluster of robust spiniform cornuti encircling it. Medial section of vesica tubular with elongate cluster of minute spinules, digitiform proximal diverticulum, and one medial diverticulum being bi- or trilobate in most species and bearing thorn-like cornutus or serrulate plate. Distal section of vesica represented by elongate tubular diverticulum terminating with serrulate plate in most species. Vesica ejaculatorius originates from medial section of vesica. Female genitalia (Figs 34–39). Papilla analis trapezoidal with rounded corners, weakly setose. Apophyses elongate and thin, more or less equal in length. Ostium bursae with gelatinous margins, in certain species with sclerotised crests laterally and dorsally, or sclerotised lobes ventro-laterally. Ductus bursae tubular, gelatinous and rugose. Corpus bursae sack-like, membranous anteriorly and gelatinous and weakly rugose posteriorly, with short semi-globular postero-lateral protrusion. Appendix (cervix) bursae absent. Ductus seminalis originates laterally or latero-anteriorly. Diagnosis. Males of the genus are superficially similar to the Oriental taxa of the genus Katha (illustrated by Bucsek 2012; Dubatolov et al. 2012; Dubatolov & Bucsek 2016; Kirti & Singh 2016; Joshi et al. 2018) and reliable identification requires the examination of the genitalia. Females of Tarika have pure white forewing with a yellow costal margin whereas it is yellow or brown with yellow suffusion along the costal margin in Katha. The male genital capsule of Tarika displays no remarkable differences from Katha (Fig. 32). The main characteristic feature of Tarika, which may be considered as autapomorphic, is the dense cluster of spiniform cornuti encircling the basal tube of the phallus vesica. In the female genitalia, Tarika differs from Katha (Fig. 33) in the lack of the antevaginal plate and the signum bursae. Distribution. North and Northeast India, Nepal, China, Thailand, and Vietnam.According to current knowledge, species of the genus are distributed allopatrically., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas, Černý, Karel & Huang, Si-Yao, 2023, Taxonomic review of the genus Tarika Moore with descriptions of six new species from Nepal, China and Indochina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 5258 (3) on pages 286-287, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7780233, {"references":["Moore, F. (1878) A revision of certain genera of European and Asiatic Lithosiinae, with characters of new genera and species. Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1878, 3 - 37, pls. 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1878. tb 07927. x","Moore, F. (1865) On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal. Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1865 (3), 755 - 823. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1865. tb 02432. x","Kirby, W. F. (1892) Sphinges and Bombyces. A synonymic catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera, Moths, 1, 1 - 951. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9152","Bucsek, K. (2012) Erebidae, Arctiinae (Lithosiini, Arctiini) of Malaya Peninsula-Malaysia. Institute of Zoology SAS, Bratislava, 170 pp.","Dubatolov, V. V., Kishida, Y. & Wang, M. (2012) New records of lichen-moth from the Nanling Mts., Guangdong, South China, with descriptions of new genera and species (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae: Lithosiinae). Tinea, 22 (1), 25 - 52.","Dubatolov, V. V. & Bucsek, K. (2016) New lichen-moth taxa (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae, Lithosiinae) from Vietnam. Euroasian entomological journal, 15 (3), 228 - 238. [http: // www. eco. nsc. ru / EEJ _ contents / 15 / 201615305. pdf]","Kirti, J. S. & Singh, N. (2016) Arctiid Moths of India. Vol. 2. Nature Books India, New Delhi, 214 pp.","Joshi, R., Singh, N. & Singh, J. (2018) Description of a new Katha species from India, with a key to the Oriental species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zootaxa, 4407 (3), 435 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4407.3.10"]}

Tarika annapurna sp. n. (Figs 4, 19) Type material. Holotype (Figs 4, 19): male, “ Nepal, Annapurna Himal | between Nangethanti and | Ghorepani, 2600 m, 83°42,5′E | 28°23,5′N, 24.VII.1995, leg. | Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay ” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2021-226♁ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM / ZSM). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 18.0 mm in the male holotype. Tarika annapurna sp. n. differs from the other species known to occur in the Himalayas, T. varana in the somewhat narrower male forewing with a slightly less convex anal margin. The male genital capsules of the two species display no remarkable differences and the main diagnostic features are found in the vesica structure. Compared to T. varana, the largest spiniform cornuti in the subbasal cluster of the new species are thinner, the medial diverticulum bears a markedly larger cornutus, and the distal diverticulum is significantly longer and broader and bearing a serrulate plate apically whereas it is apically membranous in T. varana. The female is unknown. Distribution. Central Nepal (Gandaki Province). Etymology. The specific epithet is homonymic of Annapurna mountain range, from where the new species is known. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas, Černý, Karel & Huang, Si-Yao, 2023, Taxonomic review of the genus Tarika Moore with descriptions of six new species from Nepal, China and Indochina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 5258 (3) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7780233

Tarika varana (Moore, 1865) (Figs 1–3, 17, 18, 34) Lithosia varana Moore, 1865, Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1865: 797 (Type locality: [NE India, north of West Bengal] “ Darjeeling ”). = Tarika nivea Moore, 1878, Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1878: 15 (Type locality: [NE India, north of West Bengal, Darjeeling] “ Darjiling ”). Type material examined. Lectotype of Lithosia varana (Fig. 1) (hereby designated): male, “Darjiling” / red ring “Type” label / “Moore Coll. | 94–106.” / QR-code label with unique number “ NHMUK010401852 ” (NHMUK). Lectotype of Tarika nivea (Fig. 2) (hereby designated): female, ““Darjiling | ♀ ” / red ring “Type” label / “Moore Coll. | 94–106.” / “nivea | Moore” / QR-code label with unique number “ NHMUK010401853 ” (NHMUK). Additional material examined. INDIA: 1 male, W.B. [West Bengal], 2500m, Darjeeling, Tigerhill, 13. + 16.VIII.1985, W. Thomas leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021-075 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, [West Bengal] Darjeeling, Dr Lidderdale, 79-59, unique number: NHMUK010292058, gen. prep. No.: NHMUK010317775 (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK); 1 female, [West Bengal, Darjeeling] Darjiling, Ind. Mus. 79.64., unique number: NHMUK010292104, gen. prep. No.: NHMUK010317814 (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK); 1 male [Sikkim] Sikhim, VI.1909, F. Moller, 1910-140, unique number: NHMUK010292103, gen. prep. No.: NHMUK010317813 (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK); 14 males, 21 females, Sikkim, Pemayangtse, 2000m, 23–28.VII.1990, W. Thomas leg. (CKC). Notes. (1) Both the taxa Lithosia varana and Tarika nivea were described from series of specimens of both sexes (Moore 1865, 1878). In order to stabilise the nomenclature, we hereby designate the specimens of both taxa labeled as “Type” and deposited in the NHMUK collection as lectotypes. (2) The genitalia structures of the lectotypes of Lithosia varana and Tarika nivea have not been examined due to the dissection policy pertaining to type material currently being implemented in NHMUK. However, the topotypical male specimens dissected and the specimens from Sikkim as well belong to only one species therefore we accept it legitimate to consider them as T. nivea. Diagnosis. The forewing length is 16.0–17.0 mm in males and 19.0–20.0 mm in females. The detailed comparisons with the most similar T. annapurna sp. n. and T. erlanga sp. n. are provided below in the diagnoses of these species. Distribution. Northeast India (north of West Bengal and Sikkim). The records from Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland (Kirti & Joshi 2013; Kirti & Singh 2015; Singh et al. 2022) require confirmation. The record from Chiang Mai Province of Thailand (Černý & Pinratana 2009) belongs to T. reducta sp. n. The records from China (Yunnan, Fujian, and Shandong Provinces) (Daniel 1954) belong to T. danieli sp. n. whereas other records from China (Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Xizang) (Fang 2000) require further clarification., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas, Černý, Karel & Huang, Si-Yao, 2023, Taxonomic review of the genus Tarika Moore with descriptions of six new species from Nepal, China and Indochina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 5258 (3) on page 287, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7780233, {"references":["Moore, F. (1865) On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal. Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1865 (3), 755 - 823. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1865. tb 02432. x","Moore, F. (1878) A revision of certain genera of European and Asiatic Lithosiinae, with characters of new genera and species. Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1878, 3 - 37, pls. 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1878. tb 07927. x","Kirti, J. S. & Joshi, R. (2013) Taxonomic studies on type species of genus Tarika Moore (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from India. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 3 (3), 2032 - 2035.","Kirti, J. S. & Singh, N. (2015) Arctiid Moths of India. Vol. 1. Nature Books India, New Delhi, 205 pp.","Singh, N., Joshi, R., Kirti, J. S., Bisht, S. S. & Param, H. S. (2022) A catalogue of Indian Arctiinae (Erebidae, Lepidoptera). Zootaxa, 5058 (1), 1 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5058.1.1","Cerny, K. & Pinratana, A. (2009) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 6. Arctiidae. Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 283 pp.","Daniel, F. (1954) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Arctiidae Ostasiens unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Ausbeuten von Dr. h. c. H. Hone aus diesem Gebiet (Lep. Het.). Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 5, 89 - 138. [in German]","Fang, C. (2000) Lepidoptera. Arctiidae. Fauna Sinica (Insecta). Vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing, 590 pp. [in Chinese, with English summary]"]}

Miltochrista tinsukia sp. n. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 71D0E672-CE61-42D8-8DA3-B983B792EA0B (Figs 24, 38) Type material. Holotype (Figs 24, 38): male, “N- E. India | Dibru-Saikova W.life Sankt. | Assam, Tinsukia 20km N | 27°35'N, 95°22'E, H= 120 m | 1– 5.12.1997. | lg. V. Siniaev & M. Murzin ” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2019-1036 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM / ZSM). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 9.0 mm in the male holotype. Miltochrista tinsukia is externally reminiscent of M. ekliptika but distinguished by the pale ochreous forewing ground colour (it is maize yellow in the congener), and the somewhat more oblique medial transverse line of the forewing. The male genital capsules of the two species are similar but in M. tinsukia, the uncus is proximally broader than in M. ekliptika, the distal section of the costa is broader and bearing a broader and more upcurved distal process. Compared to M. ekliptika, the phallus of the new species has a narrower coecum directed ventrally (it is directed distally-ventrally in the congener), and the carina is somewhat more protruding distally. In the vesica, the cornutus of M. tinsukia is spine-like whereas it is sword blade-shaped in M. ekliptika. The female is unknown. Distribution. The new species is currently known only from its type locality in eastern Assam State of India. Etymology. The specific epithet is homonymic of the type locality of the new species, Tinsukia District of Assam, India. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas & Müller, Günter C., 2022, Five new species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner from Indochina, India and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 10-23 in Ecologica Montenegrina 59 on page 23, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8044205

Miltochrista pachia sp. n. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 74B3CEDE-8830-437E-AEA2-19BD8739787A (Figs 13, 14, 34, 35) Type material. Holotype (Figs 13, 34): male, “ Myanmar, Chin State | Mount Victoria, 2200–2500m | montane pine forest | mid–late October 2012 | Dr. V. Kravchenko & team leg.” / “Slide | AV6853 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (WIGJ). Paratype: MYANMAR: male, the same data as in the holotype, gen. prep. No.: AV6863 (prepared by Volynkin) (GMF-B). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 8.0 mm in males. Miltochrista pachia is externally very similar to the sympatric M. velona and identification requires the examination of the genitalia structures. The male genital capsule of the new species is reminiscent of M. velona, M. parallelinaformis and M. acutiseriata but differs clearly in the distally broader costa bearing a short but basally thick distal process curved inwards, and the markedly broader distal saccular process. Additionally, the uncus of M. pachia is longer and distally thicker than in the aforementioned congeners. The phallus of the new species is very similar to M. velona. The vesica structure of M. pachia is largely reminiscent of M. velona but distinguished by the longer distal cornutus. The female is unknown. Distribution. The species is currently known only from its type locality in Chin State of Myanmar. Etymology. The specific epithet originates from the Greek ‘παχιά’ meaning ‘thick’ and refers to the thick costa of the valva. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas & Müller, Günter C., 2022, Five new species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner from Indochina, India and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 10-23 in Ecologica Montenegrina 59 on page 19, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8044205

Miltochrista kravchenkoi sp. n. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BE24B122-ABB4-43C4-BCFE-D989B0D62402 (Figs 1, 2, 25, 39) Type material. Holotype (Figs 1, 25): male, “ Myanmar, Chin State | Mount Victoria, 2200–2500m | montane pine forest | mid–late October 2012 | Dr. V. Kravchenko & team leg.” / “Slide | AV6676 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (WIGJ). Paratypes. 34 specimens of both sexes, the same data as in the holotype (GMF-B). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 11.5–12.0 mm in males and 12.0 mm in females. Miltochrista kravchenkoi is externally reminiscent of M. humilis (Figs 3–6) and Miltochrista nubilalis Hampson, 1894 (Figs 7, 8) but distinguished by its markedly larger size. Additionally, compared to M. humilis, M. kravchenkoi has a broader antemedial shade of the forewing. The male genitalia of M. kravchenkoi are most similar to the Indian Miltochrista neoseriata N. Singh & Kirti, 2016 and Miltochrista paraseriata N. Singh & Kirti, 2016 (illustrated by Kirti & Singh 2016) but differ in the distally dilated uncus (it is uniform slender in the aforementioned congeners), the thinner distal costal process, the markedly longer and distally thinner distal saccular process, and the basally broader larger cornutus in the vesica. Compared to M. humilis (Figs 26, 27), the male genital capsule of M. kravchenkoi has a distally dilated uncus (it is uniform slender in the congener), the proximally narrower valva with a less medially convex dorsal margin, a downcurved and markedly longer and thicker distal costal process (it is thin, almost straight and distally directed in M. humilis), and a more dorsally setose sacculus bearing a markedly shorter and thinner distal process. The phallus of M. kravchenkoi is markedly longer and thicker than in M. humilis (in proportion to the genital capsule). The vesica of the new species is longer and broader than in M. humilis and bearing markedly shorter cornuti. Compared to M. nubilalis (Fig. 28), the male genital capsule of M. kravchenkoi has a laterally flattened and distally dilated uncus (it is dorso-ventrally flattened and proximally dilated in the congener), a more elongate and proximally narrower valva with a less medially convex dorsal margin, a downcurved, markedly longer and basally thinner distal costal process (it is basally dilated and almost straight in the congener), a markedly smaller distal membranous lobe, and a somewhat longer distal; saccular process. The phalli of M. kravchenkoi and M. nubilalis are similar. The vesica of M. kravchenkoi is longer than in M. nubilalis, and bears a somewhat shorter but broader larger cornutus and a markedly shorter smaller cornutus. The aforementioned larger cornutus of the new species is positioned distally (whereas it is situated at the base of the vesica ejaculatorius in the congener), and the smaller cornutus is positioned medially-laterally whereas in M. nubilalis, it terminates the elongate dorsal diverticulum directed distally. Since the females of M. neoseriata and M. paraseriata are unknown, the female genitalia of the new species were compared only with M. humilis and M. nubilalis, and they differ from the former species (Fig. 40) in the posteriorly narrower antrum, the shorter and non-coiled corpus bursae lacking the broad posterior sclerotised plates, and the markedly larger lateral pockets of the 7 th abdominal sternite. Compared to M. nubilalis (Fig. 41), the female genitalia of M. kravchenkoi have a ventral margin of the ostium bursae lacking the medial incision, a posterior section of the corpus bursae bearing a cluster of markedly larger spines and lacking the lateral sclerotised plate, and shorter and semielliptical lateral pockets of the 7 th abdominal sternite, which are broadly falcate in the congener. Distribution. The species is currently known only from its type locality in Chin State of Myanmar. Etymology. The new species is dedicated to the memory of the late Prof. Dr Vasiliy D. Kravchenko (Tel-Aviv, Israel), devoted lepidopterist, collector of the type series and friend of the authors. The name is a noun in the genitive case.

Miltochrista humilis (Walker, 1854) https://zoobank.org/ (Figs 3–6, 26, 27, 40) Cyllene humilis Walker, 1859, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, 2: 544 (Type locality: [Myanmar, Mawlamyine] “ East Indies ”). Type material examined. Lectotype (Fig. 5) (hereby designated): female, “ E. Indies | Moulmein [Myanmar, Mawlamyine] | A. Clerk | 43–43.” / “1. Cyllene humilis.” / green ring “Type” label / blue label “ Arctiidae | genitalia slide | No. 4643 ♀ ” / QR- code label with unique number: “ NHMUK010604277 ” (NHMUK). Additional material examined. MYANMAR: 1 male, India: W. Archibald. B.M. 1926-391 / Rangoon, Nov. 1923, unique number: NHMUK010604614, gen. prep. No.: NHMUK010313280 (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK); 1 female, India: W. Archibald. B.M. 1926-391 / unique number: NHMUK010604615, gen. prep. No.: NHMUK010313281 (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK); 1 female, Lower Burma / Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1, unique number: NHMUK010604278, gen. prep. No.: NHMUK 0 10314219 (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK); THAILAND: 1 male, Ranong Prov., Ranong, 380m, 10°01'32''N 98°40'13''E, 3–4.XII.2005, K. Černý leg., gen. prep. No.: AV2703 (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC); 1 female, Surat Thani Prov., Khao Sok NP, 199m, 8°53'23''N 98°30'25''E, 6.xii.2005, K. Černý leg., gen. prep. No.: AV2704 (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC); 1 male, Phang Nga Prov., Kuraburi D., 6.III.2005, Ao Khoei Beach, 5m, Karel Černý leg., gen. prep. No.: AV2705 (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC). Note. In the original description of the species, Walker (1854) did not mention the sex and the number of specimens. In order to stabilise the nomenclature, we hereby designate the female syntype specimen deposited in the NHMUK collection and labeled as ‘Type’ as lectotype. Diagnosis. The forewing length is 7.5–10.0 mm in males and 8.5–10.5 mm in females. Miltochrista humilis is reminiscent of M. nubilalis but differ in its larger size. The male genital capsule of M. humilis is very similar to Miltochrista postseriata (Holloway, 2001) (illustrated by Holloway (2001) and Volynkin (2020)) but distinguished by the proximally broader valva with a shorter and somewhat distally downcurved distal saccular process, which is slightly upcurved in the congener. The vesicae of the two species are very similar but in M. humilis, the dorsal diverticulum bearing the larger cornutus is somewhat shorter than in M. postseriata. The female genitalia of M. humilis differ from M. postseriata (illustrated by Volynkin 2020) in the more anteriorly tapered antrum, and the shorter and thinner spines in the posterior section of the corpus bursae. Distribution. The species is known from central and southern Myanmar, and Southern Thailand., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas & Müller, Günter C., 2022, Five new species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner from Indochina, India and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 10-23 in Ecologica Montenegrina 59 on page 15, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8044205, {"references":["Walker, F. (1854) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 2. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 303 pp. [pp. 279 - 581]","Holloway, J. D. (2001) The Moths of Borneo, part 7. Family Arctiidae, subfamily Lithosiinae. Malayan Nature Journal, 55, 279 - 486.","Volynkin, A. V. (2020) On the correct identification of Miltochrista jeremyhollowayi (Bucsek, 2014) and Miltochrista malayproducta (Bucsek, 2012) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina, 38, 114 - 118. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.37828 / em. 2020.38.14"]}

Miltochrista velona sp. n. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 89C5FC31-415A-4E52-BC32-857A8014C8D4 (Figs 9–11, 29, 30, 42) Type material. Holotype (Figs 9, 29): male, “ Myanmar, Chin State | Mount Victoria, 2200–2500m | montane pine forest | mid–late October 2012 | Dr. V. Kravchenko & team leg.” / “Slide | AV6864 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (WIGJ). Paratypes. MYANMAR: 1 male, 1 female, the same data as in the holotype, gen. prep. Nos.: AV6862 (male) and AV6865 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (GMF-B); CHINA: 1 male, E Sichuan, 30 km SE from Ping Wu, 1420m, N32°20.725'' E104°36.650'', 7.VIII.2016, Floriani & Saldaitis leg., gen. prep. No.: AV6909 (prepared by Volynkin) (AFM); VIETNAM: 1 male, 1600m, Mt. Fan-si-pan (North), Cha-pa, primary forest, 22°17'N, 103°44''E, V. Sinyaev & A. Schintlmeister leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 285/2017 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 9.5–10.5 mm in males and 9.5 mm in the female. Miltochrista velona is externally very similar to the Indian M. neoseriata and M. paraseriata, and the sympatric M. pachia, and reliable identification requires the examination of the genitalia structures. The male genitalia of the new species are most similar to the externally dissimilar Miltochrista parallelinaformis Bucsek, 2020 (Figs 12, 31) recently described from Laos (Bucsek 2020) but distinguished by the broader valva with a markedly larger medial dorsal protrusion of the costa (the dorsal margin is only slightly medially convex in the congener), and the longer distal costal process bearing a markedly longer needle-like tip. The male genital capsule of M. velona is also reminiscent of the Andaman Miltochrista phantasma (Hampson, 1907) (Figs 15, 16) and the Sundanian Miltochrista acutiseriata (Holloway, 2001) (Figs 17–20) but distinguished from the former species (Fig. 32) by the laterally flattened and proximally slender uncus (it is dorso-ventrally flattened and strongly proximally dilated in M. phantasma), the markedly larger medial dorsal protrusion of the costa (the dorsal margin is only slightly medially convex in the congener), and the shorter distal saccular process. The phallus of M. velona is narrower than in M. phantasma. The vesica of M. velona is shorter than in M. phantasma and bearing a markedly shorter and narrower distal cornutus. Compared to M. acutiseriata (Fig. 33), the male genitalia of M. velona have a laterally flattened and proximally slender uncus (it is dorso-ventrally flattened and slightly proximally dilated in M. acutiseriata), a broader valva with a markedly larger medial dorsal protrusion of the costa (in M. acutiseriata, the dorsal margin is only slightly medially convex), a thicker distal costal process, a shorter and basally broader distal saccular process, and a lateral cornutus positioned on the main chamber whereas in M. acutiseriata, the second cornutus is terminating the elongate and distally directed dorsal diverticulum. Since the females of M. parallelinaformis and M. phantasma are unknown, the female genitalia of M. velona were compared only with M. acutiseriata (Fig. 43), from which the new species differs in the markedly longer and less anteriorly tapered antrum with a deeper medial ventral incision of the ostium bursae, the corpus bursae with a shorter posterior cluster consisting of smaller spines, and the larger sclerotised lateral protrusion of the corpus bursae anteriorly edged with a cluster of markedly larger spines. Additionally, the lateral pockets of the 7 th abdominal sternite of M. velona are markedly broader and longer than in M. acutiseriata. Distribution. The new species is known from north-western Myanmar (Chin State), South-Western China (Sichuan), and Northern Vietnam (Lào Cai Province). Etymology. The specific epithet originates from the Greek ‘βελόνα’ meaning ‘a needle’ and refers to the needle-like tip of the distal costal process. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas & Müller, Günter C., 2022, Five new species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner from Indochina, India and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 10-23 in Ecologica Montenegrina 59 on pages 15-19, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8044205, {"references":["Bucsek, K. (2020) Contribution to the knowledge of Lithosiini (Erebidae, Arctiinae) of central and northern Laos, part 2. Entomofauna carpathica, 32 (1), 67 - 94.","Holloway, J. D. (2001) The Moths of Borneo, part 7. Family Arctiidae, subfamily Lithosiinae. Malayan Nature Journal, 55, 279 - 486."]}

Miltochrista ekliptika sp. n. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DCCE9384-BB06-45E7-AA13-FD4F182E0F70 (Figs 21–23, 36, 37, 44) Type material. Holotype (Figs 21, 36): male, “ Myanmar (Burma) | 40 km N Myitkyina | Chanc Kand vilage. | 235 m, 23–24. IV. 1998 | leg. Murzin & Sinjaev” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2019-1014 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM / ZSM). Paratypes. MYANMAR: 1 female, the same data as in the holotype, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019-1015 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Chin State, Mount Victoria, 2200–2500m, montane pine forest, mid–late October 2012, Dr. V. Kravchenko & team leg., gen. prep. No.: AV6861 (prepared by Volynkin) (GMF-B). Diagnosis. The forewing length is 8.5–9.0 mm in males and 9.5 mm in the female. Miltochrista ekliptika is externally reminiscent of the sympatric M. velona and M. pachia but distinguished in the thinner forewing markings and the somewhat more arcuate medial transverse line. The male genital capsule of the new species is clearly different from other congeners (except M. tinsukia below) in the proximally dilated uncus bearing two lateral triangular processes, and the vestigial distal saccular process. In the phallus, the large and ventrally directed coecum, and the broad and upcurved vesica bearing a robust distal a dorsalmedial cluster of one–three cornuti are characteristic of M. ekliptika. The female genitalia of the new species are characterised by the broad funnel-shaped antrum with two broad ventral subostial lobes, and the asymmetrical corpus bursae with a strongly laterally protruding posterior section bearing a large and densely spinulose appendix bursae. The detailed comparison with the similar M. tinsukia is provided below in the diagnosis of the latter species. Distribution. The new species is known from northern and north-western Myanmar (Kachin and Chin States). Etymology. The specific epithet originates from the Greek ‘εκπληκτικός’ meaning ‘wonderful’ and refers to the modified genitalia structures of both sexes. The name is a noun in the nominative singular in apposition., Published as part of Volynkin, Anton V., Saldaitis, Aidas & Müller, Günter C., 2022, Five new species of the genus Miltochrista Hübner from Indochina, India and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), pp. 10-23 in Ecologica Montenegrina 59 on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.59.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8044205

Cyana meiomena sp. n. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A6D385CC-EFA7-47CC-9EE7-C51249DE4309 (Figs 9, 10, 19, 24) Type material. Holotype (Figs 9, 19): male, “C[h]ina NW Yunnan | Tuguancun | road Zhongdian- Lijiang | May 25–29, 2004 | Huang leg.” / “Slide | AV6913 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (WIGJ). Additional material examined: VIETNAM: 1 female, Mt. Fan-si-pan, W side, Chapa, 22°20'N 103°40'E, 1600–1800m, IX.1994, gen. prep. No.: AV6917 (prepared by Volynkin) (GMF-B). Note. The single female from Northern Vietnam matches the male holotype due to its relatively small size and geography. However, without additional materials of opposite sex either from Yunnan or Vietnam, it is impossible to assign this female with the male holotype with sure therefore we hereby not designate it as paratype. Diagnosis. The forewing length is 17.0 mm in the male holotype and 22.0 mm in the possible female. The male of C. meiomena sp. n. (Fig. 9) is externally reminiscent of C. triapotamia sp. n. (Figs 1–3, 5) but distinguished by the markedly smaller size, and the less elongate forewing with the more angular tornus. The possible female of the new species (Fig. 10) differs from C. triapotamia sp. n. (Fig. 4) in the smaller size, the more distally positioned distal cellular black spot, the broader antemedial white stripe along the costal margin, and the broader discal white area fused with the white stripe on the costal margin (they are separated from each other in the congener). The male genital capsule of C. meiomena sp. n. (Fig. 10) is most similar to C. triapotamia sp. n. (Fig. 15, 16) but differs in the proximally narrower uncus, and the somewhat shorter medial crest of the valva. In the vesica, C. meiomena sp. n. differs from C. triapotamia sp. n. in the longer and broader main chamber with the more elongate medial diverticulum, the broader dorsal diverticulum, and the longer and trapezoidal distal diverticulum (it is conical in the congener). Compared to C. britomartis (Figs 17, 18), the vesica of C. meiomena sp. n. has a more elongate distal diverticulum, a markedly narrower dorsal lobe of the dorsal diverticulum, and a somewhat narrower and trapezoidal distal diverticulum (it is conical in C. britomartis). The possible female genitalia of the new species (Fig. 24) are reminiscent of C. britomartis (Fig. 23) but distinguished by the smaller lateral diverticulum of the corpus bursae, the narrower sclerotised area at the base of the appendix bursae, and the presence of two longitudinal sclerotised stripe-like plates in the corpus bursae at the junction with the ductus bursae. Additionally, in the possible C. meiomena sp. n., the dilated membranous section of the appendix bursae is somewhat narrower than in C. britomartis. Distribution. The new species is known from Southwest China (Yunnan Province) and Northern Vietnam (Lào Cai Province). Etymology. The specific epithet originates from the Greek ‘μειωμένο’ meaning ‘reduced’ and refers to the relatively small size of the species.