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as Each artery conduces blood (conduit function, CF) and smoothes out the pulsatility (buffering function, BF), while keeping its wall protected against the high oscillations of the pulse waves (damping function, ξ). These functions depend on each segment viscoelasticity and capability to store and dissipate energy. When a graft/prosthesis is implanted, the physiological gradual transition in the viscoelasticity and functionality of adjacent arterial segments is disrupted. It remains to be elucidated if the cryografts would allow keeping the physiological biomechanical transition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cryografts capability to reproduce the functional, energetic and reflection properties of patients' arteries and fresh homografts. Common carotid's pressure, diameter and wallthickness were recorded in vivo (15 patients) and in vitro (15 cryografts and 15 fresh homografts from donors). Calculus: elastic (Epd) and viscous (Vpd) indexes, CF, BF, dissipated (WD) and stored (WPS) energy and ξ. The graft-patient's artery matching was evaluated using the reflection coefficient (Γ) and reflected power (WΓ). Cryografts did not show differences in Epd, Vpd, BF, CF, WD, WPS, and ξ, in respect to fresh homografts and patients' arteries, ensuring a reduced Γ and WΓ. Cryografts could be considered as alternatives in arterial reconstructions since they ensure the gradual transition of patients' arteries biomechanical and functional behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: This multicentre randomized study compared a continuous gastric drip (CGD) with intravenous (i.v.) fluid administration. Healthy newborns with birthweight from 1501 to 2000 g whose physician ordered i.v. fluids were randomized before the 2nd hour of life to CGD or i.v. fluids. The major outcome variable was the need for an i.v. line in the CGD group. Serum glucose was measured at 30 min, 1 h and every 6 h thereafter. Serum sodium and potassium were measured at least once during the first 72 h of life. Enteral feedings, feeding intolerance, number of venous lines and i.v. line-related complications were recorded until the interruption of CGD or the i.v. line. Twenty-nine infants were randomized to each group. The two groups were comparable in terms of birthweight and gestational age. Ten percent (3/29) of the infants randomized to the CGD group required i.v. fluids and 90% of them received electrolytes and glucose through an orogastric tube. The incidence of hypoglycaemia, hyponatraemia and episodes of feeding intolerance did not differ between the groups.Conclusion: Fluid administration by CGD reduces the need for i.v. lines without increasing the risk of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The magnetic properties of [(VO)3(μ-PO4)2(2,2′-bpy)(μ-OH2)]1/3H2O (1) and (VO)2H4P2O9 (2), a tubular and a layered vanadium(IV) phosphates containing triply oxido bridged VIV dimers, are analyzed considering the Bleaney–Bowers S =1/2 dimer model. In compound 1 the presence of an additional VIV connected with the VIV dimers through μ1,2-PO4 3− bridges is described with a Curie–Weiss type correction. This model reproduces the magnetic properties of compound 1 with g =1.956, J dim =−102.1cm−1, θ =−0.4cm−1 and Nα =278×10−6 emumol−1. In compound 2, the presence of a small percentage of paramagnetic impurity has to be considered to account for the divergence of χm at low temperatures. This simple model reproduces the magnetic data of compound 2 with g =1.99, J =−62.4cm−1 and a 1.2% of monomeric impurity. The moderate antiferromagnetic coupling found in the triply oxido bridges VIV dimers is justified from the structural parameters of the bridge. These studies confirm that the coupling through –O–P–O– bridges is antiferromagnetic and relatively weak, as well as previous magneto-structural correlations in this kind of oxido bridges. DFT calculations on a dinuclear fragment model for the two systems gave the following values of J calc =−72.4cm−1 for 1 and J calc =−5.2cm−1 for 2. These values reproduce the antiferromagnetic nature of the superexchange interactions between the VIV centers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Dinuclear [{M(phen)2}2V4O12]·C6H12O·H2O (M=CoII 1, MnII 2, NiII 3 and CuII 4) and [{Cu(phen)2}2V4O12]·3.5H2O 5 has been prepared by biphasic and hydrothermal syntheses, respectively. All five structures exhibit the {V4O12}4− cluster in a chair-like configuration, covalently bonded to two [M(phen)2]2+ fragments, producing a super-exchange magnetic phenomenon. The magnetic study of complexes 1–5 shows that they are very weak antiferromagnetically coupled systems, with J values of −0.14, 2; −0.64, 3 and −0.23, 4 cm−1. Complexes 1 to 3 correspond to isostructural compounds in which the cyclovanadate group acts as a bidentate bridged ligand. In the copper complexes (4 and 5) the {V4O12}4− anion presents the novel monodentate bridging mode, and therefore a more significant distortion from the chair-like configuration. The mentioned complexes, together with that reported in the literature, permit to conclude that it is quite common for a single molecular species to exist in more than one crystalline arrangement. A detailed analysis of the structures of 1–4 shows that the crystal symmetry cannot be strictly centrosymmetric, due to the presence of the cyclohexanol molecule with a single –OH group in the lattice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

pH regulation is essential to allow normal cell function, and their imbalance is associated with different pathologic situations, including cancer. In this study, we present the synthesis of 2-(((2-aminoethyl)imino)methyl)phenol (HL1) and the iron (III) complex (Fe(L1) 2 Br, ( C1 )), confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The absorption and emission properties of complex C1 were assessed in the presence and absence of different physiologically relevant analytes, finding a fluorescent turn-on when OH - was added. So, we determined the limit of detection (LOD = 3.97 × 10 -9 M), stoichiometry (1:1), and association constant (K as = 5.86 × 10 3 M -1 ). Using DFT calculations, we proposed a spontaneous decomposition mechanism for C1 . After characterization, complex C1 was evaluated as an intracellular pH chemosensor on the human primary gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and non-tumoral gastric epithelia (GES-1) cell lines, finding fluorescent signal activation in the latter when compared to AGS cells due to the lower intracellular pH of AGS cells caused by the increased metabolic rate. However, when complex C1 was used on metastatic cancer cell lines (MKN-45 and MKN-74), a fluorescent turn-on was observed in both cell lines because the intracellular lactate amount increased. Our results could provide insights about the application of complex C1 as a metabolic probe to be used in cancer cell imaging.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents according to traditional uniforms (TUs) and sports uniforms (SUs) worn at school, while simultaneously exploring the influence of the school vulnerability index., Methods: A total of 988 Chilean adolescents (52.6% boys) aged 10-14 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Academic achievement was evaluated by the average grade in maths, language, and science grades, while cognitive performance was assessed through eight cognitive tasks. TUs affecting physical activity, playtime, bullying, and discrimination were queried. Mixed model analyses were performed., Results: No differences were observed in academic achievement (TU: 5.4 ± 0.1 vs. SU: 5.5 ± 0.2, p = 0.785) or in cognitive performance (TU: 99.6 ± 0.8 vs. SU: 98.9 ± 1.8, p= 0.754) according to the school uniformtype. Moreover, 64.1 % of participants declared that wearing TU affects their physical activity (traditional uniforms: + 8 min and sports uniforms: + 20 min), and those who believed so spent more time playing than those who answered negatively (14.5 min, p = 0.012). Finally, adolescents wearing SU displayed a lower feeling of bullying and discrimination; this finding depended mainly on the school's vulnerability., Conclusion: It is concluded that wearing TU does not show an educational advantage at an academic and cognitive level that justifies its obligation. In addition, it could be suggested that schools consider adolescents' opinions in adopting a more comfortable uniform, such as the SU. This feasible and low-cost measure would help to increase adolescents' physical activity during the school day, and, contrary to belief, it would not be related to increased feelings of bullying and discrimination., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Cristi-Montero, Solis-Urra, Sanchez-Martinez, Olivares-Arancibia, Hernández-Jaña, Gajardo-Araya, Palma-Leal, Sadarangani, Portela Estinto, Encina, Alvarez, Delgado-Floody, Aguilar-Farias, Ferrari, Mahecha-Matsudo, Zavala-Crichton, Ibarra-Mora, Parra-Saldías, Nanjarí-Miranda and Rodríguez-Rodríguez.)

Stroke is a sudden neurological disorder that occurs due to impaired blood flow to an area of the brain. Stroke can be caused by the blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, called ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. Stroke is more common in men than women. Atrial fibrillation, hypertension, kidney disease, high cholesterol and lipids, genetic predisposition, inactivity, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, family history and smoking are factors that increase the risk of stroke. Restoring blood flow by repositioning blocked arteries using thrombolytic agents or endovascular therapy are the most effective treatments for stroke. However, restoring circulation after thrombolysis can cause fatal edema or intracranial hemorrhage, and worsen brain damage in a process known as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, there is a pressing need to find and develop more effective treatments for stroke. In the past, the first choice of treatment was based on natural compounds. Natural compounds are able to reduce the symptoms and reduce various diseases including stroke that attract the attention of the pharmaceutical industry. Nowadays, as a result of the numerous studies carried out in the field of herbal medicine, many useful and valuable effects of plants have been identified. The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family is one of the vital families of serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation of some biological functions in human cells. DAPK1 is the most studied kinase within the DAPKs family as it is involved in neuronal and recovery processes. Dysregulation of DAPK1 in the brain is involved in the developing neurological diseases such as stroke. Natural products can function in a variety of ways, including reducing cerebral edema, reducing brain endothelial cell death, and inhibiting TNFα and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) through regulating the DAPK1 signal against stroke. Due to the role of DAPK1 in neurological disorders, the aim of this article was to investigate the role of DAPK1 in stroke and its modulation by natural compounds., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Fitness is a powerful marker of health associated with physical activity (PA) in university students. However, insufficient PA is a serious health concern among university students. Active commuting provides an opportunity for increased PA levels. Therefore, the aims of this study were (a) to describe the mode of commuting, PA and fitness in university students; (b) to analyze the associations of mode of commuting with PA and fitness; and c) to analyze the relationship between mode of commuting, PA recommendations and fitness., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1257 university students (52.4% women) participated (22.4 ± 5.6 years old)., Results: Public commuting was the main mode to and from university. Active and public commuters were more likely to meet the PA recommendations and reported higher muscular strength than those using private commuting. Active and public commuters who met PA recommendations present the highest fitness in most of its components., Conclusions: Achieving the PA recommendations was more relevant than adopting an active mode of commuting in order to have better fitness. Further research targeting a broader understanding of the mode of commuting, PA levels and fitness in university students is needed.

The increased oxidative stress in the acceleration of the aging process and development of the neuronal disorder are the common feature detected in neurodegenerative illness, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Searching for new treatment against these diseases, the inclusion of exogenous antioxidant agents has shown good results. Flavonoids are polyphenols compounds present in plants, fruits and vegetables that exhibit potent antioxidant and biological properties, which are related to their chemical structure that to confer an excellent radical scavenging ability. The design of metal-flavonoid complexes allows to obtain compounds with improved biological and physicochemical properties, generating important increase of the flavonoid antioxidant properties. This evidence we motive to propose that antioxidant properties of the metal flavonoids compounds can play an important role in the design of potential novel therapeutic strategies. This review presents the structure-activity relationship on the antioxidant properties of three series of metal-flavonoid complexes: M-(quercetin), M-(morin), and M-(rutin). In general, we observed that the coordination sites, the metal ion type used, and the molar ratio metal:flavonoid present in the complexes, are important factors for to increase the antioxidant activity. On these evidences we motive to propose that the development of metal-flavonoid compounds is a potentially viable approach for combating neurodegenerative diseases., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Natural products have been known for their antimicrobial factors since time immemorial. Infectious diseases are a worldwide burden that have been deteriorating because of the improvement of species impervious to various anti-infection agents. Hence, the distinguishing proof of antimicrobial specialists with high-power dynamic against MDR microorganisms is central to conquer this issue. Successful treatment of infection involves the improvement of new drugs or some common source of novel medications. Numerous naturally occurring antimicrobial agents can be of plant origin, animal origin, microbial origin, etc. Many plant and animal products have antimicrobial activities due to various active principles, secondary metabolites, or phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, essential oils, flavonoids, lectins, phagocytic cells, and many other organic constituents. Phytocomplexes' antimicrobial movement frequently results from a few particles acting in cooperative energy, and the clinical impacts might be because of the direct effects against microorganisms. The restorative plants that may furnish novel medication lead the antimicrobial movement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the phytocomplexes and natural extracts of the plants that are ordinarily being utilized as conventional medications and then recommended the chance of utilizing them in drugs for the treatment of multiple drug-resistant disease.

Twang-like vocal qualities have been related to a megaphone-like shape of the vocal tract (epilaryngeal tube and pharyngeal narrowing, and a wider mouth opening), low-frequency spectral changes, and tighter and/or increased vocal fold adduction. Previous studies have focused mainly on loud and high-pitched singing, comfortable low-pitched spoken vowels, or are based on modeling and simulation. There is no data available related to twang-like voices in loud, low-pitched singing., Purpose: This study investigates the possible contribution of the lower and upper vocal tract configurations during loud twang-like singing on high and low pitches in a real subject., Methods: One male contemporary commercial music singer produced a sustained vowel [a:] in his habitual speaking pitch (B 2 ) and loudness. The same vowel was also produced in a loud twang-like singing voice on high (G 4 ) and low pitches (B 2 ). Computerized tomography, acoustic analysis, inverse filtering, and audio-perceptual assessments were performed., Results: Both loud twang-like voices showed a megaphone-like shape of the vocal tract, being more notable on the low pitch. Also, low-frequency spectral changes, a peak of sound energy around 3 kHz and increased vocal fold adduction were found. Results agreed with audio-perceptual evaluation., Conclusions: Loud twang-like phonation seems to be mainly related to low-frequency spectral changes (under 2 kHz) and a more compact formant structure. Twang-like qualities seem to require different degrees of twang-related vocal tract adjustments while phonating in different pitches. A wider mouth opening, pharyngeal constriction, and epilaryngeal tube narrowing may be helpful strategies for maximum power transfer and improved vocal economy in loud contemporary commercial music singing and potentially in loud speech. Further studies should focus on vocal efficiency and vocal economy measurements using modeling and simulation, based on real-singers' data., (Copyright © 2020 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Biking and walking are active commuting, which is considered an opportunity to create healthy habits., Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the main environmental and psychosocial barriers perceived by students, leading to less Active Commuting (AC) to university and to not reaching the Physical Activity (PA) recommendations., Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1349 university students (637 men and 712 women) were selected. A self-reported questionnaire was applied to assess the mode of commuting, PA level and barriers to the use of the AC., Results: Women presented higher barriers associated with passive commuting than men. The main barriers for women were "involves too much planning" (OR: 5.25; 95% CI: 3.14-8.78), "It takes too much time" (OR: 4.62; 95% CI: 3.05-6.99) and "It takes too much physical effort " (OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 2.05-4.94). In men, the main barriers were "It takes too much time" (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 2.97-5.99), "involves too much planning" (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.67-3.70) and "too much traffic along the route" (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.47-2.93). Psychosocial barriers were found in both sexes., Conclusions: Psychosocial and personal barriers were more positively associated with passive commuting than environmental barriers. Interventions at the university are necessary to improve the perception of AC and encourage personal organization to travel more actively.

Background/aims: Although water resistance therapy (WRT) has been widely used in voice training, no data are supporting the effectiveness of WRT as vocal warm-up for singers. The present study aimed to determine the effects of WRT as a vocal warm-up method in contemporary commercial music (CCM) singers., Methods: Twenty-two CCM singers were randomly assigned to one of two types of 15-min vocal warm-up: open vocal tract (OVT) warm-up and WRT. Self-perceived resonant voice quality and aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic measures were assessed before, immediately after vocal warm-up, and after 40 min of vocal loading., Results: Significant results were found immediately after vocal warm-up. Subglottic pressure and inspiratory airflow duration decreased in both groups. SPL decreased for the OVT group. No changes in SPL were found for the WRT group. Significant results were observed after vocal loading. Subglottic pressure and inspiratory airflow duration decreased for both groups after vocal loading. Expiratory airflow duration and electroglottographic contact quotient decreased for the OVT group., Conclusion: Some objective data suggest that the WRT method is more effective as vocal warm-up than OVT exercises. Since outcomes in self-perceived resonant voice quality for both methods were similar but physiological effects were different, vocal warm-up strategies might produce a placebo effect., (© 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Cancer is a disease that involves impaired genome stability with a high mortality index globally. Since its discovery, many have searched for effective treatment, assessing different molecules for their anticancer activity. One of the most studied sources for anticancer therapy is natural compounds and their derivates, like alkaloids, which are organic molecules containing nitrogen atoms in their structure. Among them, oxoisoaporphine and sampangine compounds are receiving increased attention due to their potential anticancer effects. Boldine has also been tested as an anticancer molecule. Boldine is the primary alkaloid extract from boldo, an endemic tree in Chile. These compounds and their derivatives have unique structural properties that potentially have an anticancer mechanism. Different studies showed that this molecule can target cancer cells through several mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species generation, DNA binding, and telomerase enzyme inhibition. In this review, we summarize the state-of-art research related to oxoisoaporphine, sampangine, and boldine, with emphasis on their structural characteristics and the relationship between structure, activity, methods of extraction or synthesis, and anticancer mechanism. With an effective cancer therapy still lacking, these three compounds are good candidates for new anticancer research.

Although regular physical activity is recommended for health, highly contaminated air exposure acts to the detriment of the benefits produced in individuals. The purpose of the present study was to compare the accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior during the whole day, in-school time, out-of-school time, and school breaks between highly contaminated air days and non-highly contaminated air days in Chilean adolescents. Nineteen adolescents from Santiago of Chile were assessed by a GT3X accelerometer. The vertical axis and steps per minute for the whole day, and both of these variables together with the percentage of time of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level in the out-of-school time period were higher in highly contaminated air days than in non-highly contaminated air days (p < 0.05; with effect sizes from r = 0.36 to r = 0.46). Results for sedentary behavior were similar in both conditions for every period of time analyzed. These results allow us to conclude the lack of awareness of the participants in this research regarding the health repercussions in relation to the physical activity performed during air pollution exposure. Some strategies in order to improve the Chilean adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior are suggested and discussed.

The coordination of the ligands with respect to the central atom in the complex bromido-tricarbon-yl[diphen-yl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphane-κ 2 N , P ]rhenium(I) chloro-form disolvate, [ReBr(C 17 H 14 NP)(CO) 3 ]·2CHCl 3 or [κ 2 - P , N -{(C 6 H 5 ) 2 (C 5 H 5 N)P}Re(CO) 3 Br]·2CHCl 3 , ( I ·2CHCl 3 ), is best described as a distorted octa-hedron with three carbonyls in a facial conformation, a bromide atom, and a biting P , N -di-phenyl-pyridyl-phosphine ligand. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that C-Cl⋯H inter-actions contribute 26%, the distance of these inter-actions are between 2.895 and 3.213 Å. The reaction between I and piperidine (C 5 H 11 N) at 313 K in di-chloro-methane leads to the partial decoord-ination of the pyridyl-phosphine ligand, whose pyridyl group is replaced by a piperidine mol-ecule, and the complex bromido-tricarbon-yl[diphen-yl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphane-κ P ](piperidine-κ N )rhenium(I), [ReBr(C 5 H 11 N)(C 17 H 14 NP)(CO) 3 ] or [ P -{(C 6 H 5 ) 2 (C 5 H 5 N)P}(C 5 H 11 N)Re(CO) 3 Br] ( II ). The mol-ecule has an intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond between the non-coordinated pyridyl nitro-gen atom and the amine hydrogen atom from piperidine with D ⋯ A = 2.992 (9) Å. Thermogravimetry shows that I ·2CHCl 3 losses 28% of its mass in a narrow range between 318 and 333 K, which is completely consistent with two solvating chloro-form mol-ecules very weakly bonded to I . The remaining I is stable at least to 573 K. In contrast, II seems to lose solvent and piperidine (12% of mass) between 427 and 463 K, while the additional 33% loss from this last temperature to 573 K corresponds to the release of 2-pyridyl-phosphine. The contribution to the scattering from highly disordered solvent mol-ecules in II was removed with the SQUEEZE routine [Spek (2015 ▸). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-18] in PLATON . The stated crystal data for M r , μ etc . do not take this solvent into account.

Objective : To compare the differences in the modes and distance of the displacements in high school and university stage in the same sample. Methods : A total of 1288 volunteer university students (614 males and 674 females) participated, with an average age of 22.7 ± 5.8 years, belonging to four private and public universities in Chile where a validated self-report questionnaire was applied to the study, which included the modes, travel time, and distance at school and university. Results : The active commuting decreases from school to university when leaving home (males: 39.6% to 34.0%; p = 0.033 and females: 32.9% to 18.5%, p < 0.001), as well as when returning (males: 44.1% to 33.7%; p < 0.001 and females: 38.6% to 17.6%, p < 0.001). Conversely, non-active modes of transport increase, especially in females (go: 67.1% to 81.4%, return: 61.5% to 82.6%), affected by the increase in the use of public transportation in university. It was also defined that at both school and at university, the active commuting decreases the greater the distance travelled. Conclusion : The active modes of commuting decreased between high school and university and the non-active mode of commuting was the most frequent form of mobility to high school and university, observing that the active trips decreased when the distance from the home to high school or university increased. Public and private intervention policies and strategies are required to maintain or increase the modes of active commuting in the university stage for an active life in adulthood.

The reaction of 2,5-dibromopyrazine with N-Lithium pyrazolate in a 1:2 ratio leads to a mixture of 2-bromo-5-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazine (I) and 2,5-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazine (II). The structures of I and II are highly planar. Two absorption bands can be observed for the compounds in the UV-Vis region, having ε in the order of 10 4  m -1  cm -1 . TD-DFT computed results support the nature of the lower energy absorptions as π pyrazine →π* pyrazine transitions, including an additional intraligand charge transfer transition for I (π pyrazol →π* pyrazine ). Upon excitation at 280 or 320 nm, the emission of both compounds is almost not affected by solvent polarity or oxygen presence, showing two bands for I and one for II in the 350-450 nm region. Emission of II follows a mono-exponential decay, while I decays following a bi-exponential law, hypothesized from π pyrazine →π* pyrazine and π pyrazol →π* pyrazine transitions. Photodegradation of I and II follows a first-order kinetic with constants of 1.18 × 10 -2  min -1 and 0.13 × 10 -2  min -1 , respectively. Results suggest that photodegradation of I starts with the loose of bromide followed by intermolecular pyrazolyl subtraction and ring opening. This path is not available for II, which is reflected in its enhanced photostability., (© 2018 The American Society of Photobiology.)

Neuromuscular diseases are mostly genetic disorders, with chronic and progressive course. Affected people are at high risk of developing physical and emotional disabilities. In the last decades, the advance in technology and science has increased chronic pediatric patients survival rate, thus requiring an ongoing assistance in adult hospitals, making the transition a necessity and a challenge. This article reports the clinical practice designed between Hospital Garrahan and Hospital Ramos Mejía for the transition of 27 adolescents during 2015, setting achievements, findings and challenges resulting from this experience., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Lithium diphenylphosphide unexpectedly provokes the ring-opening of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and by reaction with 3,6-dichloropyridazine leads to the formation of the ligand 3-chloro-6-(4-diphenylphosphinyl)butoxypyridazine (P⋯N), which was isolated. The reaction of this ligand with the (Re(CO) 3 (THF)Br) 2 dimer yields the novel complex [Br(CO) 3 Re(μ-3-chloro-6-(4-diphenylphosphinyl)butoxypyridazine) 2 Re(CO) 3 Br] (BrRe(P⋯N)(N⋯P)ReBr), which was crystallized in the form of a chloroform solvate, (C 46 H 40 Br 2 Cl 2 N 4 O 8 P 2 Re 2 )·(CHCl 3 ). The monoclinic crystal (P2 1 /n) displays a bimetallic cage structure with a symmetry inversion centre in the middle of the rhenium to rhenium line. The molecule shows two oxidation signals occurring at +1.50 V and +1.76 V which were assigned to the Re I /Re II and Re II /Re III metal-centered couples, respectively, while signals observed at -1.38 V and -1.68 V were assigned to ligand centered reductions. Experimental and DFT/TDDFT results indicate that the UV-Vis absorption maximum of BrRe(P⋯N)(N⋯P)ReBr occurring near 380 nm displays a metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character, which is consistent with CV results. Upon excitation at this wavelength, a weak emission (Φ em < 1 × 10 -3 ) is observed around 580 nm (in dichloromethane) which decays with two distinct lifetimes τ 1 and τ 2 of 24 and 4.7 ns, respectively. The prevalence of non-radiative deactivation pathways is consistent with efficient internal conversion induced by the high conformational flexibility of the P⋯N ligand's long carbon chain. Measurements in a frozen solvent at 77 K, where vibrational deactivation is hindered, show intense emission associated with the 3 MLCT state. These results demonstrate that BrRe(P⋯N)(N⋯P)ReBr preserves the dual emitting nature previously reported for the mononuclear complex RePNBr, with emission associated with and states.

Background: There is an urgent need of vascular substitutes (VS) to be used in lower limb revascularization procedures when autologous veins are not available and synthetic prosthesis are contraindicated. Since the mechanical differences with respect to native vessels are determinants of the VS failure, the substitutes should have mechanical properties similar to those of the recipient vessels. The use of cryopreserved arteries (cryografts) could overcome limitations of available VS. These work aims were to characterize (a) native vessels/implanted cryografts mechanical and geometrical coupling, (b) cryografts capability to ensure mismatch levels lesser than those expected for expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), (c) cryografts functional properties considering their histological and ultra-structural characteristics., Methods: Instantaneous pressure (mechano-transducers) and diameter (B-mode echography) were obtained in implanted femoro-popliteal, ileo-femoro-popliteal and axilo-humeral cryografts (n=8), in femoral arteries from recipients (n=8), recipient-like (n=15) and multiorgan donors-like (n=15) subjects, and in ePTFE segments (n=10). Calculus: (a) Mechanical parameters: elastic modulus, arterial compliance, distensibility and characteristic impedance; (b) Arterial remodeling: diameter, wall thickness, cross-sectional area and wall-to-lumen ratio; (c) Native vessels/VS coupling. Histological and structural analysis were done in explanted femoro-popliteal and axilo-humeral cryografts (n=7)., Results: Post-implant the cryografts remodeled. Their stiffness increased and the conduit function diminished. Remodeling resulted in an improvement in native vessels/cryograft coupling, which was always better than native vessels/ePTFE coupling., Conclusions: Post-implant cryograft remodeling improved native vessels/cryografts coupling. Cryografts would have mechanical and geometrical advantages over ePTFE. Anastomotic cryograft remodeling differed from that expected only due to haemodynamic factors. The structural properties of the remodeled cryografts contribute to explain their functional characteristics., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The complexity of searches and the volume of genomic data make sequence alignment one of bioinformatics most active research areas. New alignment approaches have incorporated digital signal processing techniques. Among these, correlation methods are highly sensitive. This paper proposes a novel sequence alignment method based on 2-dimensional images, where each nucleic acid base is represented as a fixed gray intensity pixel. Query and known database sequences are coded to their pixel representation and sequence alignment is handled as object recognition in a scene problem. Query and database become object and scene, respectively. An image correlation process is carried out in order to search for the best match between them. Given that this procedure can be implemented in an optical correlator, the correlation could eventually be accomplished at light speed. This paper shows an initial research stage where results were "digitally" obtained by simulating an optical correlation of DNA sequences represented as images. A total of 303 queries (variable lengths from 50 to 4500 base pairs) and 100 scenes represented by 100 x 100 images each (in total, one million base pair database) were considered for the image correlation analysis. The results showed that correlations reached very high sensitivity (99.01%), specificity (98.99%) and outperformed BLAST when mutation numbers increased. However, digital correlation processes were hundred times slower than BLAST. We are currently starting an initiative to evaluate the correlation speed process of a real experimental optical correlator. By doing this, we expect to fully exploit optical correlation light properties. As the optical correlator works jointly with the computer, digital algorithms should also be optimized. The results presented in this paper are encouraging and support the study of image correlation methods on sequence alignment.

Purpose. To evaluate in chronically haemodialysed patients (CHPs), if: (1) the vascular access (VA) position (upper arm or forearm) is associated with differential changes in upper limb arterial stiffness; (2) differences in arterial stiffness exist between genders associated with the VA; (3) the vascular substitute (VS) of choice, in biomechanical terms, depends on the previous VA location and CHP gender. Methods. 38 CHPs (18 males; VA in upper arm: 18) were studied. Left and right carotid-brachial pulse wave velocity (PWV(c-b)) was measured. In in vitro studies, PWV was obtained in ePTFE prostheses and in several arterial and venous homografts obtained from donors. The biomechanical mismatch (BM) between CHP native vessel (NV) and VS was calculated. Results/Conclusions. PWV(c-b) in upper limbs with VA was lower than in the intact contralateral limbs (P < 0.05), and differences were higher (P < 0.05) when the VA was performed in the upper arm. Differences between PWV(c-b) in upper limbs with VA (in the upper arm) with respect to intact upper limbs were higher (P < 0.05) in males. Independently of the region in which the VA was performed, the homograft that ensured the minimal BM was the brachial artery. The BM was highly dependent on gender and the location in the upper limb in which the VA was performed.

This study aimed to characterize the following: (i) in chronically hemodialyzed subjects (CHDSs), with and without diabetic nephropathy (DN), and in healthy subjects (non-CHDSs) different arterial pathways stiffness to determine potential pathology-dependent, etiology- and/or pathway-dependent differences; and (ii) the biomechanical mismatch (BM) between arteries from non-CHDSs or CHDSs (with and without DN) and arterial cryografts, venous cryografts, and synthetic prosthesis to determine arterial pathway, pathology, and/or etiology-related differences in the substitute of election in terms of BM. Carotid-femoral and carotid-brachial pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured in 30 non-CHDSs and 71 CHDSs (11 with DN). In addition, PWV was measured in arterial (elastic and muscular) and venous cryografts and in expanded polytetrafluorethylene prosthesis. The arterial pathways regional differences and the subjects' arterial pathways-substitutes BM were calculated. Arterial stiffness levels and regional differences were higher in CHDS than in non-CHDS. Among CHDS, those with DN showed higher stiffness in the aorto-femoral pathway and larger regional differences. Cryografts showed always the least BM. Non-CHDS and CHDS differed in the cryograft of election. In CHDS, the BM was related with the cryograft type, arterial pathway, and renal disease etiology. The BM could be minimized, selecting the most adequate cryograft type, taking into account the recipient specific characteristic (i.e., arterial pathway and renal disease etiology).