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3. Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study

Author

Lee, Christine G, Heckman-Stoddard, Brandy, Dabelea, Dana, Gadde, Kishore M, Ehrmann, David, Ford, Leslie, Prorok, Philip, Boyko, Edward J, Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, Wallia, Amisha, Knowler, William C, Crandall, Jill P, Temprosa, Marinella, Group:, Diabetes Prevention Program Research, Bray, George A, Culbert, Iris W, Arceneaux, Jennifer, Chatellier, Annie, Dragg, Amber, Champagne, Catherine M, Duncan, Crystal, Eberhardt, Barbara, Greenway, Frank, Guillory, Fonda G, Herbert, April A, Jeffirs, Michael L, Kennedy, Betty M, Levy, Erma, Lockett, Monica, Lovejoy, Jennifer C, Morris, Laura H, Melancon, Lee E, Ryan, Donna H, Sanford, Deborah A, Smith, Kenneth G, Smith, Lisa L, St. Amant, Julia A, Tulley, Richard T, Vicknair, Paula C, Williamson, Donald, Zachwieja, Jeffery J, Polonsky, Kenneth S, Tobian, Janet, Ehrmann, David A, Matulik, Margaret J, Temple, Karla A, Clark, Bart, Czech, Kirsten, DeSandre, Catherine, Dotson, Brittnie, Hilbrich, Ruthanne, McNabb, Wylie, Semenske, Ann R, Caro, Jose F, Furlong, Kevin, Goldstein, Barry J, Watson, Pamela G, Smith, Kellie A, Mendoza, Jewel, Simmons, Marsha, Wildman, Wendi, Liberoni, Renee, Spandorfer, John, Pepe, Constance, Donahue, Richard P, Goldberg, Ronald B, Prineas, Ronald, Calles, Jeanette, Giannella, Anna, Rowe, Patricia, Sanguily, Juliet, Cassanova-Romero, Paul, Castillo-Florez, Sumaya, Florez, Hermes J, Garg, Rajesh, Kirby, Lascelles, Lara, Olga, Larreal, Carmen, McLymont, Valerie, Mendez, Jadell, Perry, Arlette, Saab, Patrice, Veciana, Bertha, Haffner, Steven M, Hazuda, Helen P, Montez, Maria G, Hattaway, Kathy, Isaac, Juan, Lorenzo, Carlos, Martinez, Arlene, Salazar, Monica, Walker, Tatiana, Hamman, Richard F, Nash, Patricia V, Steinke, Sheila C, Testaverde, Lisa, Truong, Jennifer, and Anderson, Denise R

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Diabetes, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Life Style, Metformin, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:, Medical and Health Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

ObjectiveTo determine whether metformin or lifestyle modification can lower rates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.Research design and methodsFrom 1996 to 1999, 3,234 adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes were randomized to an intensive lifestyle intervention, masked metformin, or placebo. Placebo and lifestyle interventions stopped in 2001, and a modified lifestyle program was offered to everyone, but unmasked study metformin continued in those originally randomized. Causes of deaths through 31 December 2018 were adjudicated by blinded reviews. All-cause and cause-specific mortality hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models and Fine-Gray models, respectively.ResultsOver a median of 21 years (interquartile range 20-21), 453 participants died. Cancer was the leading cause of death (n = 170), followed by cardiovascular disease (n = 131). Compared with placebo, metformin did not influence mortality from all causes (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.79, 1.25]), cancer (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.72, 1.52]), or cardiovascular disease (HR 1.08 [95% CI 0.70, 1.66]). Similarly, lifestyle modification did not impact all-cause (HR 1.02 [95% CI 0.81, 1.28]), cancer (HR 1.07 [95% CI 0.74, 1.55]), or cardiovascular disease (HR 1.18 [95% CI 0.77, 1.81]) mortality. Analyses adjusted for diabetes status and duration, BMI, cumulative glycemic exposure, and cardiovascular risks yielded results similar to those for all-cause mortality.ConclusionsCancer was the leading cause of mortality among adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Although metformin and lifestyle modification prevented diabetes, neither strategy reduced all-cause, cancer, or cardiovascular mortality rates.

Published
2021

8. Thermal depolarization and electromechanical hardening in Zn²⁺‐doped Na₁/₂Bi₁/₂TiO₃‐BaTiO₃

Author

Kodumudi Venkataraman, Lalitha, Zhu, Tingting, Pinto Salazar, Monica, Hofmann, Kathrin, Iqbal Waidha, Aamir, Jaud, J. C., Groszewicz, Pedro B., Rödel, Jürgen, Kodumudi Venkataraman, Lalitha, Zhu, Tingting, Pinto Salazar, Monica, Hofmann, Kathrin, Iqbal Waidha, Aamir, Jaud, J. C., Groszewicz, Pedro B., and Rödel, Jürgen

Abstract

Na₁/₂Bi₁/₂TiO₃‐based materials have been earmarked for one of the first large‐volume applications of lead‐free piezoceramics in high‐power ultrasonics. Zn²⁺‐doping is demonstrated as a viable route to enhance the thermal depolarization temperature and electromechanically harden (1‐y)Na₁/₂Bi₁/₂TiO₃‐yBaTiO₃ (NBT100yBT) with a maximum achievable operating temperature of 150 °C and mechanical quality factor of 627 for 1 mole % Zn²⁺‐doped NBT6BT. Although quenching from sintering temperatures has been recently touted to enhance TF‐R, with quenching the doped compositions featuring an additional increase in TF‐R by 17 °C, it exhibits negligible effect on the electromechanical properties. The effect is rationalized considering the missing influence on conductivity and therefore, negligible changes in the defect chemistry upon quenching. High‐resolution diffraction indicates that Zn²⁺‐doped samples favor the tetragonal phase with enhanced lattice distortion, further corroborated by ²³Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations.

Published
2024

9. MODELO VOLCANOTECTONICO DEL GRABEN CUSPIDAL COMPLEJO DEL TURRIALBA (COSTA RICA) Y SU RELACION CON LOS COLAPSOS SECTORIALES BAJO UN REGIMEN TRANSPRESIVO Y TRANSTENSIVO/VOLCANOTECTONIC MODEL OF THE TURRIALBA COMPLEX GRABEN (COSTA RICA) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SECTORIAL COLLAPSES UNDER A TRANSPRESSIVE AND TRANSTENSIVE REGIME

Author

Calvo, Cristian, Madrigal, Katherine, Merayo, Fabricio, Salazar, Monica, Fallas, Carolina, Alvarado, Guillermo E., Sánchez, Blas, and Sánchez, Reyna

Published
2019
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10. Influence of temperature-induced A-site cation redistribution on the functional properties of A-site complex polar perovskite K1/2Bi1/2TiO3

Author

Eyoum, Gina E. (author), Eckstein, Udo (author), Ursic, Hana (author), Pinto-Salazar, Monica (author), Buntkowsky, Gerd (author), Braga Groszewicz, P. (author), Checchia, Stefano (author), Hayashi, Kouichi (author), Webber, Kyle G. (author), Khansur, Neamul H. (author), Eyoum, Gina E. (author), Eckstein, Udo (author), Ursic, Hana (author), Pinto-Salazar, Monica (author), Buntkowsky, Gerd (author), Braga Groszewicz, P. (author), Checchia, Stefano (author), Hayashi, Kouichi (author), Webber, Kyle G. (author), and Khansur, Neamul H. (author)

Abstract

Tailoring the electromechanical properties of a material without altering the original composition is an emerging phenomenon for the optimization of functional properties. Post-sintering annealing with varying maximum temperatures, cooling rates, and atmospheres can influence the crystallographic phases, domain structures, conductivity, mechanical properties, and the temperature stability of the electromechanical properties. K1/2Bi1/2TiO3 (KBT) is a high-temperature stable >280 °C A-site complex perovskite piezoelectric and is critical for high-temperature applications. However, the influence of annealing conditions on crystal structure, domain structure, and functional properties is not well-known. This work demonstrates the effect of annealing cooling rate and maximum temperature on the macroscopic electromechanical response as well as the crystal and domain structure. It is shown that the room-temperature state of KBT can be reversibly switched between the ferroelectric and relaxor state, where the slow cooling from 900 °C favors the stabilization of the relaxor state and quenching induces the ferroelectric state. Importantly, the quenched sample showed a stable piezoelectric coefficient up to 368 °C in the depolarization temperature, an increase of 78 °C. The origin of ferroelectric-relaxor state change is proposed to be related to the A-site cation redistribution and the associated change in the crystal structure and domain structure., RST/Storage of Electrochemical Energy

Published
2023
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11. The Effect of Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes on the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy: The DPP/DPPOS Experience

Author

White, Neil H., Pan, Qing, Knowler, William C., Schroeder, Emily B., Dabelea, Dana, Chew, Emily Y., Blodi, Barbara, Goldberg, Ronald B., Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, Darwin, Christine, Schlögl, Mathias, Nathan, David M., Goldstein, Barry J., Furlong, Kevin, Smith, Kellie A., Mendoza, Jewel, Wildman, Wendi, Simmons, Marsha, Jensen, Genine, Liberoni, Renee, Spandorfer, John, Pepe, Constance, Donahue, Richard P., Prineas, Ronald, Rowe, Patricia, Giannella, Anna, Calles, Jeanette, Sanguily, Juliet, Cassanova-Romero, Paul, Castillo-Florez, Sumaya, Florez, Hermes J., Garg, Rajesh, Kirby, Lascelles, Lara, Olga, Larreal, Carmen, McLymont, Valerie, Mendez, Jadell, Perry, Arlette, Saab, Patrice, Veciana, Bertha, Haffner, Steven M., Hazuda, Helen P., Montez, Maria G., Isaac, Juan, Hattaway, Kathy, Lorenzo, Carlos, Martinez, Arlene, Salazar, Monica, Walker, Tatiana, Hamman, Richard F., Nash, Patricia V., Steinke, Sheila C., Testaverde, Lisa, Truong, Jennifer, Anderson, Denise R., Ballonoff, Larry B., Bouffard, Alexis, Boxer, Rebecca S., Bucca, Brian, Calonge, B. Ned, Delve, Lynne, Farago, Martha, Hill, James O., Hoyer, Shelley R., Jenkins, Tonya, Jortberg, Bonnie T., Lenz, Dione, Miller, Marsha, Nilan, Thomas, Perreault, Leigh, Price, David W., Regensteiner, Judith G., Seagle, Helen, Smith, Carissa M., VanDorsten, Brent, Horton, Edward S., Munshi, Medha, Lawton, Kathleen E., Poirier, Catherine S., Swift, Kati, Jackson, Sharon D., Arky, Ronald A., Bryant, Marybeth, Burke, Jacqueline P., Caballero, Enrique, Callaphan, Karen M., Fargnoli, Barbara, Franklin, Therese, Ganda, Om P., Guidi, Ashley, Guido, Mathew, Jacobsen, Alan M., Kula, Lyn M., Kocal, Margaret, Lambert, Lori, Ledbury, Sarah, Malloy, Maureen A., Middelbeek, Roeland J.W., Nicosia, Maryanne, Oldmixon, Cathryn F., Pan, Jocelyn, Quitingon, Marizel, Rainville, Riley, Rubtchinsky, Stacy, Seely, Ellen W., Sansoucy, Jessica, Schweizer, Dana, Simonson, Donald, Smith, Fannie, Solomon, Caren G., Spellman, Jeanne, Warram, James, Kahn, Steven E., Montgomery, Brenda K., Fattaleh, Basma, Colegrove, Celeste, Fujimoto, Wilfred, Knopp, Robert H., Lipkin, Edward W., Marr, Michelle, Morgan-Taggart, Ivy, Murillo, Anne, O’Neal, Kayla, Trence, Dace, Taylor, Lonnese, Thomas, April, Tsai, Elaine C., Kitabchi, Abbas E., Dagogo-Jack, Samuel, Murphy, Mary E., Taylor, Laura, Dolgoff, Jennifer, Hampton, Ethel Faye, Applegate, William B., Bryer-Ash, Michael, Clark, Debra, Frieson, Sandra L., Ibebuogu, Uzoma, Imseis, Raed, Lambeth, Helen, Lichtermann, Lynne C., Oktaei, Hooman, Ricks, Harriet, Rutledge, Lily M.K., Sherman, Amy R., Smith, Clara M., Soberman, Judith E., Williamsleaves, Beverly, Patel, Avnisha, Nyenwe, Ebenezer A., Metzger, Boyd E., Molitch, Mark E., Wallia, Amisha, Johnson, Mariana K., VanderMolen, Sarah, Adelman, Daphne T., Behrends, Catherine, Cook, Michelle, Fitzgibbon, Marian, Giles, Mimi M., Hartmuller, Monica, Johnson, Cheryl K.H., Larsen, Diane, Lowe, Anne, Lyman, Megan, McPherson, David, Penn, Samsam C., Pitts, Thomas, Reinhart, Renee, Roston, Susan, Schinleber, Pamela A., McKitrick, Charles, Turgeon, Heather, Larkin, Mary, Mugford, Marielle, Thangthaeng, Nopporn, Leander, Fernelle, Abbott, Kathy, Anderson, Ellen, Bissett, Laurie, Bondi, Kristy, Cagliero, Enrico, Florez, Jose C., Delahanty, Linda, Goldman, Valerie, Grassa, Elaine, Gurry, Lindsey, D’Anna, Kali, Leandre, Fernelle, Lou, Peter, Poulos, Alexandra, Raymond, Elyse, Ripley, Valerie, Stevens, Christine, Tseng, Beverly, Olefsky, Jerrold M., Barrettonnor, Elizabeth, Mudaliar, Sunder, Rosario Araneta, Maria, Carrion-Petersen, Mary Lou, Vejvoda, Karen, Bassiouni, Sarah, Beltran, Madeline, Claravall, Lauren N., Dowden, Jonalle M., Edelman, Steven V., Garimella, Pranav, Henry, Robert R., Horne, Javiva, Lamkin, Marycie, Szerdi Janesch, Simona, Leos, Diana, Polonsky, William, Ruiz, Rosa, Smith, Jean, Torio-Hurley, Jennifer, Pi-Sunyer, F. Xavier, Laferrere, Blandine, Lee, Jane E., Hagamen, Susan, Kelly-Dinham, Kim, Allison, David B., Agharanya, Nnenna, Aronoff, Nancy J., Baldo, Maria, Crandall, Jill P., Foo, Sandra T., Luchsinger, Jose A., Pal, Carmen, Parkes, Kathy, Pena, Mary Beth, Roman, Julie, Rooney, Ellen S., VanWye, Gretchen E.H., Viscovich, Kristine A., Prince, Melvin J., Marrero, David G., Mather, Kieren J., De Groot, Mary, Kelly, Susie M., Jackson, Marcia A., McAtee, Gina, Putenney, Paula, Ackermann, Ronald T., Cantrell, Carolyn M., Dotson, Yolanda F., Fineberg, Edwin S., Fultz, Megan, Guare, John C., Hadden, Angela, Ignaut, James M., Kirkman, Marion S., O’Kelly Phillips, Erin, Pinner, Kisha L., Porter, Beverly D., Roach, Paris J., Rowland, Nancy D., Wheeler, Madelyn L., Ratner, Robert E., Aroda, Vanita, Magee, Michelle, Youssef, Gretchen, Shapiro, Sue, Andon, Natalie, Bavido-Arrage, Catherine, Boggs, Geraldine, Bronsord, Marjorie, Brown, Ernestine, Love Burkott, Holly, Cheatham, Wayman W., Cola, Susan, Evans, Cindy, Gibbs, Peggy, Kellum, Tracy, Leon, Lilia, Lagarda, Milvia, Levatan, Claresa, Lindsay, Milajurine, Nair, Asha K., Park, Jean, Passaro, Maureen, Silverman, Angela, Uwaifo, Gabriel, Wells-Thayer, Debra, Wiggins, Renee, Saad, Mohammed F., Watson, Karol, Budget, Maria, Jinagouda, Sujata, Botrous, Medhat, Sosa, Anthony, Tadros, Sameh, Akbar, Khan, Conzues, Claudia, Magpuri, Perpetua, Ngo, Kathy, Rassam, Amer, Waters, Debra, Xapthalamous, Kathy, Santiago, Julio V., Brown, Angela L., Santiago, Ana, Das, Samia, Khare-Ranade, Prajakta, Stich, Tamara, Fisher, Edwin, Hurt, Emma, Jones, Jackie, Jones, Tracy, Kerr, Michelle, McCowan, Sherri, Ryder, Lucy, Wernimont, Cormarie, Saudek, Christopher D., Hill Golden, Sherita, Bradley, Vanessa, Sullivan, Emily, Whittington, Tracy, Abbas, Caroline, Allen, Adrienne, Brancati, Frederick L., Cappelli, Sharon, Clark, Jeanne M., Charleston, Jeanne B., Freel, Janice, Horak, Katherine, Greene, Alicia, Jiggetts, Dawn, Johnson, Delois, Joseph, Hope, Kalyani, Rita, Loman, Kimberly, Mathioudakis, Nestoras, Maruthur, Nisa, Mosley, Henry, Reusing, John, Rubin, Richard R., Samuels, Alafia, Shields, Thomas, Stephens, Shawne, Stewart, Kerry J., Thomas, LeeLana, Utsey, Evonne, Williamson, Paula, Schade, David S., Adams, Karwyn S., Johannes, Carolyn, Hemphill, Claire, Hyde, Penny, Canady, Janene L., Atler, Leslie F., Boyle, Patrick J., Burge, Mark R., Chai, Lisa, Colleran, Kathleen, Fondino, Ateka, Gonzales, Ysela, Hernandez-McGinnis, Doris A., Katz, Patricia, King, Carolyn, Middendorf, Julia, Rubinchik, Sofya, Senter, Willette, Shamoon, Harry, Crandall, Jill, Brown, Janet O., Trandafirescu, Gilda, Powell, Danielle, Adorno, Elsie, Cox, Liane, Duffy, Helena, Engel, Samuel, Friedler, Allison, Goldstein, Angela, Howardentury, Crystal J., Lukin, Jennifer, Kloiber, Stacey, Longchamp, Nadege, Martinez, Helen, Pompi, Dorothy, Scheindlin, Jonathan, Tomuta, Norica, Violino, Elissa, Walker, Elizabeth A., Wylie-Rosett, Judith, Zimmerman, Elise, Zonszein, Joel, Wing, Rena R., Orchard, Trevor, Venditti, Elizabeth, Koenning, Gaye, Kramer, M. Kaye, Smith, Marie, Jeffries, Susan, Weinzierl, Valarie, Barr, Susan, Benchoff, Catherine, Boraz, Miriam, Clifford, Lisa, Culyba, Rebecca, Frazier, Marlene, Gilligan, Ryan, Guimond, Stephanie, Harrier, Susan, Harris, Louann, Kriska, Andrea, Manjoo, Qurashia, Mullen, Monica, Noel, Alicia, Otto, Amy, Pettigrew, Jessica, Rockette-Wagner, Bonny, Rubinstein, Debra, Semler, Linda, Smith, Cheryl F., Williams, Katherine V., Wilson, Tara, Arakaki, Richard F., Mau, Marjorie K., Latimer, Renee W., Isonaga, Mae K., Baker-Ladao, Narleen K., Bow, Ralph, Bermudez, Nina E., Dias, Lorna, Inouye, Jillian, Melish, John S., Mikami, Kathy, Mohideen, Pharis, Odom, Sharon K., Perry, Raynette U., Yamamoto, Robin E., Hanson, Robert L., Shah, Vallabh, Hoskin, Mary A., Percy, Carol A., Cooeyate, Norman, Natewa, Camille, Dodge, Charlotte, Enote, Alvera, Anderson, Harelda, Acton, Kelly J., Andre, Vickie L., Barber, Rosalyn, Begay, Shandiin, Bennett, Peter H., Benson, Mary Beth, Bird, Evelyn C., Broussard, Brenda A., Bucca, Brian C., Chavez, Marcella, Cook, Sherron, Curtis, Jeff, Dacawyma, Tara, Doughty, Matthew S., Duncan, Roberta, Edgerton, Cyndy, Ghahate, Jacqueline M., Glass, Justin, Glass, Martia, Gohdes, Dorothy, Grant, Wendy, Horse, Ellie, Ingraham, Louise E., Jackson, Merry, Jay, Priscilla, Kaskalla, Roylen S., Kavena, Karen, Kessler, David, Kobus, Kathleen M., Krakoff, Jonathan, Kurland, Jason, Manus, Catherine, McCabe, Cherie, Michaels, Sara, Morgan, Tina, Nashboo, Yolanda, Nelson, Julie A., Poirier, Steven, Polczynski, Evette, Piromalli, Christopher, Reidy, Mike, Roumain, Jeanine, Rowse, Debra, Roy, Robert J., Sangster, Sandra, Sewenemewa, Janet, Smart, Miranda, Spencer, Chelsea, Tonemah, Darryl, Williams, Rachel, Wilson, Charlton, Yazzie, Michelle, Bain, Raymond, Fowler, Sarah, Larsen, Michael D., Jablonski, Kathleen, Temprosa, Marinella, Brenneman, Tina, Edelstein, Sharon L., Abebe, Solome, Bamdad, Julie, Barkalow, Melanie, Bethepu, Joel, Bezabeh, Tsedenia, Bowers, Anna, Butler, Nicole, Callaghan, Jackie, Carter, Caitlin E., Christophi, Costas, Dwyer, Gregory M., Foulkes, Mary, Gao, Yuping, Gooding, Robert, Gottlieb, Adrienne, Grimes, Kristina L., Grover-Fairchild, Nisha, Haffner, Lori, Hoffman, Heather, Jones, Steve, Jones, Tara L., Katz, Richard, Kolinjivadi, Preethy, Lachin, John M., Ma, Yong, Mucik, Pamela, Orlosky, Robert, Reamer, Susan, Rochon, James, Sapozhnikova, Alla, Sherif, Hanna, Stimpson, Charlotte, Hogan Tjaden, Ashley, Walker-Murray, Fredricka, Venditti, Elizabeth M., Kriska, Andrea M., Weinzierl, Valerie, Marcovina, Santica, Aldrich, F. Alan, Harting, Jessica, Albers, John, Strylewicz, Greg, Killeen, Anthony, Gabrielson, Deanna, Eastman, R., Fradkin, Judith, Garfield, Sanford, Lee, Christine, Gregg, Edward, Zhang, Ping, O’Leary, Dan, Evans, Gregory, Budoff, Matthew, Dailing, Chris, Stamm, Elizabeth, Schwartz, Ann, Navy, Caroline, Palermo, Lisa, Rautaharju, Pentti, Prineas, Ronald J., Soliman, Elsayed Z., Alexander, Teresa, Campbell, Charles, Hall, Sharon, Li, Yabing, Mills, Margaret, Pemberton, Nancy, Rautaharju, Farida, Zhang, Zhuming, Hu, Julie, Hensley, Susan, Keasler, Lisa, Taylor, Tonya, Danis, Ronald, Davis, Matthew, Hubbard, Larry, Endres, Ryan, Elsas, Deborah, Johnson, Samantha, Myers, Dawn, Barrett, Nancy, Baumhauer, Heather, Benz, Wendy, Cohn, Holly, Corkery, Ellie, Dohm, Kristi, Domalpally, Amitha, Gama, Vonnie, Goulding, Anne, Ewen, Andy, Hurtenbach, Cynthia, Lawrence, Daniel, McDaniel, Kyle, Pak, Jeong, Reimers, James, Shaw, Ruth, Swift, Maria, Vargo, Pamela, Watson, Sheila, Manly, Jennifer, Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth, Moran, Robert R., Ganiats, Ted, David, Kristin, Sarkin, Andrew J., Groessl, Erik, Katzir, Naomi, Chong, Helen, Herman, William H., Brändle, Michael, Brown, Morton B., Altshuler, David, Billings, Liana K., Chen, Ling, Harden, Maegan, Pollin, Toni I., Shuldiner, Alan R., Franks, Paul W., and Hivert, Marie-France

Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Pathophysiology/Complications
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine whether interventions that slow or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in those at risk reduce the subsequent prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) randomized subjects at risk for developing type 2 diabetes because of overweight/obesity and dysglycemia to metformin (MET), intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS), or placebo (PLB) to assess the prevention of diabetes. During the DPP and DPP Outcome Study (DPPOS), we performed fundus photography over time on study participants, regardless of their diabetes status. Fundus photographs were graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading system, with diabetic retinopathy defined as typical lesions of diabetic retinopathy (microaneurysms, exudates, or hemorrhage, or worse) in either eye. RESULTS Despite reduced progression to diabetes in the ILS and MET groups compared with PLB, there was no difference in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy between treatment groups after 1, 5, 11, or 16 years of follow-up. No treatment group differences in retinopathy were found within prespecified subgroups (baseline age, sex, race/ethnicity, baseline BMI). In addition, there was no difference in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy between those exposed to metformin and those not exposed to metformin, regardless of treatment group assignment. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in overweight/obese subjects with dysglycemia who are at risk for diabetes do not reduce the development of diabetic retinopathy for up to 20 years.

Published
2022

12. Influence of temperature-induced A-site cations redistribution on the functional properties of A-site complex polar perovskite K1/2Bi1/2TiO3

Author

Eyoum, Gina E, primary, Eckstein, Udo, additional, Uršič, Hana, additional, Pinto Salazar, Monica Patricia, additional, Buntkowsky, Gerd, additional, Groszewicz, Pedro, additional, Checchia, Stefano, additional, Hayashi, Koichi, additional, Webber, Kyle G., additional, and Khansur, Neamul Hayet, additional

Published
2023
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13. Etiology and seasonality of viral respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age in Bucaramanga, Colombia/Etiologia y estacionalidad de las infecciones respiratorias virales en menores de cinco anos en Bucaramanga, Colombia/Etiologia e sazonalidade das infecoes respiratorias virais em menores de cinco anos em Bucaramanga, Colombia

Author

Garcia-Corzo, Jorge Raul, Niederbacher-Velasquez, Jurg, Gonzalez-Rugeles, Clara, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura, Machuca-Perez, Mayra, Torres-Prieto, Alexander, Rodriguez, Gloria Ortiz, and Romero-Salazar, Monica

Published
2017
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15. Better not talk? A mixed-methods experimental analysis of avoiding sensitive issues in post-conflict settings.

Author

Ugarriza, Juan E, Acuña, Diana C, and Salazar, Monica A

Subjects
INTERGROUP relations, POLARIZATION (Social sciences), WAR, WAR victims, COMMUNITIES, ATTITUDE change (Psychology)
Abstract

Ex-combatants, war victims, and violence-affected community members are typically forced to live together as neighbors in post-conflict settings. Cases all over the world accumulate evidence on the fact that living together after war is a far from a harmonic endeavor, and individuals usually rely on contention mechanisms to keep on with their daily lives while in proximity of former and present-day antagonists. While decades-long academic research has unveiled a series of favorable conditions under which interactions might generate positive effects on intergroup dispositions, they usually prescribe focusing less on touching upon divisive issues, and more on emphasizing in potentially bonding commonalities. By means of a randomized controlled experiment with former war antagonists in Colombia, we set to explore whether avoidance or addressing of the most sensitive issues affecting intergroup relations yield better results in terms of attitude change under favorable conditions. Experimental effects show that perspective-giving protocols are capable of containing polarization tendencies in intergroup discussions even when participants are incentivized to directly address their co-existence problems, while qualitative analysis points out at silences and other avoidance mechanisms as the participants' key strategies to contain conflict when contentious topics flare up during discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Harmonized Latin American innovation Surveys Database (LAIS): Firm-level microdata for the study of innovation

Author

Vargas, F., Guillard, Charlotte, Salazar, Monica, and Crespi, G.A.

Subjects
o10 - Economic Development: General, c81 - "Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data, Data Access", cross -country data, Latin America, o12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, o31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives, innovation processes, innovation surveys, o32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D, innovation, microeconomics
Abstract

This paper provides the methods through which the first version of the Harmonized Latin American Innovation Surveys database (LAIS) was built. LAIS, which is made freely available through the Inter-American Development Bank, contains nearly 690 variables and 119,900 observations at the firm level from 30 national innovation surveys conducted between 2007 and 2017 in 10 Latin American countries, increasing the number of countries of the region with publicly available microdata. This paper describes how, starting from significantly different survey methods and questionnaires between countries, criteria were applied to identify and select variables from different surveys measuring the same underlying concept. It also discusses and guides how differences in survey methodologies may affect comparisons even after the harmonization of variables. LAIS includes data on innovation activities expenditures, sources of information and collaborations for innovation, innovation obstacles, outputs and effects, protection of innovation results, and general firm characteristics. Since LAIS significantly decreases the cost of making data comparisons between countries, it will allow more scholars to research innovation in Latin American firms and to tackle long-standing unanswered questions about the importance of framework conditions in LAC for innovation decisions in firms. The dataset and supporting documentation are available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004040

Published
2022

18. Dynamics and Proton Transport in Imidazole-Doped Nanocrystalline Cellulose Revealed by High-Resolution Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Author

Bielejewski, Michal̷, Pinto-Salazar, Monica, Lindner, L̷ukasz, Pankiewicz, Radosl̷aw, Buntkowsky, Gerd, Tritt-Goc, Jadwiga, Bielejewski, Michal̷, Pinto-Salazar, Monica, Lindner, L̷ukasz, Pankiewicz, Radosl̷aw, Buntkowsky, Gerd, and Tritt-Goc, Jadwiga

Abstract

Imidazole-doped nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC-Im) is a new proton conductor based on imidazole-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose with a conductivity of approximately 10⁻¹ S/m at 160 °C. Its conductivity is possible due to the transport of protons from imidazoles. The dynamics of local processes were studied by ¹⁵N and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy under the conditions of ¹H⁻¹⁵N and ¹H⁻¹³C cross-polarization (CP) and magic angle spinning (MAS) and by heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) spectroscopy. The ¹⁵N and ¹³C NMR spectra showed the coexistence of two fractions of imidazole molecules: slowly reorienting and exchanging protons and fast reorienting and fast exchanging protons. Analysis based on the two-phase model enabled the determination of the energy distribution of imidazole tautomerization, whose maximum value is 38 kJ/mol. The HETCOR experiment allowed determination of the binding of nitrogen protons from imidazoles to cellulose hydroxyl groups and possibly residual water. NMR studies conducted on the ¹³C isotope confirmed the reorientation of imidazoles. The proton transport in CNC-Im was shown to consist in the exchange of protons between imidazoles via the OH groups of cellulose and residual water conditioned by the reorientation of imidazole rings. The described proton transport leads to the observed conductivity in CNC-Im, assuming the dissociation of imidazole into anion and cation additionally.

Published
2022

19. Harmonized Latin American innovation Surveys Database (LAIS): Firm-level microdata for the study of innovation

Author

Vargas Cuevas, Fernando, Guillard, Charlotte, Salazar, Monica, Crespi, G.A., Vargas Cuevas, Fernando, Guillard, Charlotte, Salazar, Monica, and Crespi, G.A.

Abstract

This paper provides the methods through which the first version of the Harmonized Latin American Innovation Surveys database (LAIS) was built. LAIS, which is made freely available through the Inter-American Development Bank, contains nearly 690 variables and 119,900 observations at the firm level from 30 national innovation surveys conducted between 2007 and 2017 in 10 Latin American countries, increasing the number of countries of the region with publicly available microdata. This paper describes how, starting from significantly different survey methods and questionnaires between countries, criteria were applied to identify and select variables from different surveys measuring the same underlying concept. It also discusses and guides how differences in survey methodologies may affect comparisons even after the harmonization of variables. LAIS includes data on innovation activities expenditures, sources of information and collaborations for innovation, innovation obstacles, outputs and effects, protection of innovation results, and general firm characteristics. Since LAIS significantly decreases the cost of making data comparisons between countries, it will allow more scholars to research innovation in Latin American firms and to tackle long-standing unanswered questions about the importance of framework conditions in LAC for innovation decisions in firms. The dataset and supporting documentation are available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004040

Published
2022

20. Influence of temperature-induced A-site cation redistribution on the functional properties of A-site complex polar perovskite K1/2Bi1/2TiO3.

Author

Eyoum, Gina E., Eckstein, Udo, Ursic, Hana, Pinto-Salazar, Monica, Buntkowsky, Gerd, Groszewicz, Pedro B., Checchia, Stefano, Hayashi, Kouichi, Webber, Kyle G., and Khansur, Neamul H.

Abstract

Tailoring the electromechanical properties of a material without altering the original composition is an emerging phenomenon for the optimization of functional properties. Post-sintering annealing with varying maximum temperatures, cooling rates, and atmospheres can influence the crystallographic phases, domain structures, conductivity, mechanical properties, and the temperature stability of the electromechanical properties. K1/2Bi1/2TiO3 (KBT) is a high-temperature stable >280 °C A-site complex perovskite piezoelectric and is critical for high-temperature applications. However, the influence of annealing conditions on crystal structure, domain structure, and functional properties is not well-known. This work demonstrates the effect of annealing cooling rate and maximum temperature on the macroscopic electromechanical response as well as the crystal and domain structure. It is shown that the room-temperature state of KBT can be reversibly switched between the ferroelectric and relaxor state, where the slow cooling from 900 °C favors the stabilization of the relaxor state and quenching induces the ferroelectric state. Importantly, the quenched sample showed a stable piezoelectric coefficient up to 368 °C in the depolarization temperature, an increase of 78 °C. The origin of ferroelectric-relaxor state change is proposed to be related to the A-site cation redistribution and the associated change in the crystal structure and domain structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Educación popular y pedagogías críticas en América Latina y el Caribe : corrientes emancipatorias para la educación pública del Siglo XXI

Author

Guelman, Anahí, Cabaluz, Fabián, Salazar, Mónica, Quintar, Estela, Cappellacci, Inés, Loyola, Claudia, Palumbo, María Mercedes, Said, Shirly, Tarrio, Laura, De Alarcón, Silvya, Areyuna, Beatríz, Zurita, Felipe, Piedrahita, Jonathan, Giraldo, Yicel, Guzmán, Cindy, Pino, Yolanda, Castaño, Andrés, Ospina, Héctor Fabio, Valencia, Piedad Ortega, Bustamante, María Teresa Cruz, Hernández, Juan Carlos, Chévez, Cándida, Aquino, Ariana Celeste, Pérez, Suyapa, Streck, Danilo R., Carrillo, Alfonso Torres, Ghiso, Alfredo Manuel, Holliday, Oscar Jara, Guelman, Anahí, Cabaluz, Fabián, Salazar, Mónica, Quintar, Estela, Cappellacci, Inés, Loyola, Claudia, Palumbo, María Mercedes, Said, Shirly, Tarrio, Laura, De Alarcón, Silvya, Areyuna, Beatríz, Zurita, Felipe, Piedrahita, Jonathan, Giraldo, Yicel, Guzmán, Cindy, Pino, Yolanda, Castaño, Andrés, Ospina, Héctor Fabio, Valencia, Piedad Ortega, Bustamante, María Teresa Cruz, Hernández, Juan Carlos, Chévez, Cándida, Aquino, Ariana Celeste, Pérez, Suyapa, Streck, Danilo R., Carrillo, Alfonso Torres, Ghiso, Alfredo Manuel, and Holliday, Oscar Jara

Published
2018
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25. Thermal depolarization and electromechanical hardening in Zn2+-doped Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-BaTiO3

Author

Kodumudi Venkataraman, Lalitha, Zhu, Tingting, Pinto Salazar, Monica, Hofmann, Kathrin, Iqbal Waidha, Aamir, Jaud, J. C., Braga Groszewicz, P., and Rödel, Jürgen

Subjects
electromechanical hardening, thermal depolarization, quenching, Na Bi TiO, Zn -doping
Abstract

Na 1/2Bi 1/2TiO 3-based materials have been earmarked for one of the first large-volume applications of lead-free piezoceramics in high-power ultrasonics. Zn 2+-doping is demonstrated as a viable route to enhance the thermal depolarization temperature and electromechanically harden (1-y)Na 1/2Bi 1/2TiO 3-yBaTiO 3 (NBT100yBT) with a maximum achievable operating temperature of 150 °C and mechanical quality factor of 627 for 1 mole % Zn 2+-doped NBT6BT. Although quenching from sintering temperatures has been recently touted to enhance T F-R, with quenching the doped compositions featuring an additional increase in T F-R by 17 °C, it exhibits negligible effect on the electromechanical properties. The effect is rationalized considering the missing influence on conductivity and therefore, negligible changes in the defect chemistry upon quenching. High-resolution diffraction indicates that Zn 2+-doped samples favor the tetragonal phase with enhanced lattice distortion, further corroborated by 23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations.

Published
2021

26. Thermal depolarization and electromechanical hardening in Zn2+-doped Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-BaTiO3

Author

Kodumudi Venkataraman, Lalitha (author), Zhu, Tingting (author), Pinto Salazar, Monica (author), Hofmann, Kathrin (author), Iqbal Waidha, Aamir (author), Jaud, J. C. (author), Braga Groszewicz, P. (author), Rödel, Jürgen (author), Kodumudi Venkataraman, Lalitha (author), Zhu, Tingting (author), Pinto Salazar, Monica (author), Hofmann, Kathrin (author), Iqbal Waidha, Aamir (author), Jaud, J. C. (author), Braga Groszewicz, P. (author), and Rödel, Jürgen (author)

Abstract

Na 1/2Bi 1/2TiO 3-based materials have been earmarked for one of the first large-volume applications of lead-free piezoceramics in high-power ultrasonics. Zn 2+-doping is demonstrated as a viable route to enhance the thermal depolarization temperature and electromechanically harden (1-y)Na 1/2Bi 1/2TiO 3-yBaTiO 3 (NBT100yBT) with a maximum achievable operating temperature of 150 °C and mechanical quality factor of 627 for 1 mole % Zn 2+-doped NBT6BT. Although quenching from sintering temperatures has been recently touted to enhance T F-R, with quenching the doped compositions featuring an additional increase in T F-R by 17 °C, it exhibits negligible effect on the electromechanical properties. The effect is rationalized considering the missing influence on conductivity and therefore, negligible changes in the defect chemistry upon quenching. High-resolution diffraction indicates that Zn 2+-doped samples favor the tetragonal phase with enhanced lattice distortion, further corroborated by 23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations., RST/Storage of Electrochemical Energy

Published
2021
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27. Canadian science, technology and innovation policy: the product of regional networking?

Author

Salazar, Monica and Holbrook, Adam

Subjects
Canada -- Science and technology policy, Canada -- Political aspects, Political systems -- Analysis, Science and state -- Evaluation, Regional planning, Regional focus/area studies
Abstract

The theory that science, technology and innovation (STI) policies in Canada are regionalized due to its networked system is studied. The design of federal countries was observed to entail difficulties in formulating STI policies. The forming of networks as a result of STI policies in Canada, and as an important aspect of regional development and of industrial cluster promotion, is examined.

Published
2007

31. Thermal depolarization and electromechanical hardening in Zn2+‐doped Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐BaTiO3.

Author

Kodumudi Venkataraman, Lalitha, Zhu, Tingting, Pinto Salazar, Monica, Hofmann, Kathrin, Iqbal Waidha, Aamir, Jaud, J. C., Groszewicz, Pedro B., and Rödel, Jürgen

Subjects
NUCLEAR magnetic resonance, ELECTROMECHANICAL effects, QUENCHING (Chemistry), QUALITY factor, PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics
Abstract

Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐based materials have been earmarked for one of the first large‐volume applications of lead‐free piezoceramics in high‐power ultrasonics. Zn2+‐doping is demonstrated as a viable route to enhance the thermal depolarization temperature and electromechanically harden (1‐y)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐yBaTiO3 (NBT100yBT) with a maximum achievable operating temperature of 150 °C and mechanical quality factor of 627 for 1 mole % Zn2+‐doped NBT6BT. Although quenching from sintering temperatures has been recently touted to enhance TF‐R, with quenching the doped compositions featuring an additional increase in TF‐R by 17 °C, it exhibits negligible effect on the electromechanical properties. The effect is rationalized considering the missing influence on conductivity and therefore, negligible changes in the defect chemistry upon quenching. High‐resolution diffraction indicates that Zn2+‐doped samples favor the tetragonal phase with enhanced lattice distortion, further corroborated by 23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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35. Communication channels among the actors of the Colombian system of science, technology and innovation: A test of the Sabato´s triangle model

Author

Salazar, Monica

Abstract

Colombia has a solid National System of Science and Technology (SNCyT, by its acronym in Spanish), despite few researchers and innovators, and a small and instable public budget for research and innovation. The national agency, Colciencias, was created in 1968 and the system was created by law in 1991. The SNCyT is conceived as an open non-exclusionary space, composed by various programmes, agents, and activities. The system is organized in three levels: national, regional, and sectoral and there are councils at each level where the coordination of policies should happen. All bodies are collegiate based on Sábato’s Triangle, where three groups of actors (government, academia and industry), properly articulated should be able to define strategy in science and technology (S&T). The main objective is to analyze the impact of Sábato’s Triangle on the development of the Colombian SNCyT, using sociological and communication perspectives. The Councils of the National Programmes of S&T are the heart, where the management of S&T activities occurs. One specific objective is to explain the role that these councils have played in governing S&T. Two main inquiry instruments are used: a survey to study the perceptions of the councillors about their role and, interviews of Colciencias officials to evaluate the system and determine policy successes and failures. Systems are composed basically of elements and the relations among them. The Triple Helix and Sábato’s Triangle models state that interactions are key. Therefore, the existence of a system is determined if actors interact, as in a network. In the development of these relationships, institutions are recognized and legitimized, or not. The final result will be expressed in the construction of social capital. There are two main findings: firstly, the legal framework has contributed to create an institution, SNCyT, although institutions are socially produced so the issue is legitimacy. Secondly, two elements have contributed to making social capital work: the information and power used by councillors, as well as the existence of committed councillors, who despite Colciencias not promoting the effective functioning of the councils, make the SNCyT works.

Published
2010

36. Factibilidad de creación de una empresa dedicada a la venta de paquetes de turismo / Salud en el Municipio de Armenia que permita atender la demanda de usuarios especialmente de Orlando

Author

Pérez, Diana María, Taborda Salazar, Monica Lorena, and Universidad del Quindío - Colombia - Asesor - Sin especificar

Subjects
Estudio tecnico, Clínica
Abstract

Para el buen desarrollo de este proyecto inicialmente se hará un estudio de mercado en Orlando luego se presentara un estudio técnico, seguido por un estudio administrativo-legal y terminando en un estudio financiero para poder determinar la viabilidad o no del proyecto. El centro de operación del proyecto será la ciudad de Armenia pero se tendrán convenios con instituciones en Armenia como la Clínica del Sur y una institución dedicada a servicios de salud en la ciudad de Orlando., 1. Planteamiento del problema 2, 2. Formulación del problema 5, 3. Justificación 6, 4. Alcances de este proyecto 8, 5. Objetivos 9, 6. Impacto esperado 10, 7. Marco teórico 11, Pregrado, Administrador de Negocios

Published
2008

37. Use of turnips to reduce potassium accumulation on areas receiving farm dairy effluent : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Soil Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Author

Salazar, Monica and Salazar, Monica

Abstract

Land treatment of farm dairy effluent (FDE) on small areas of intensive of dairy farms has enriched soils with nutrients particularly K. Solving the problem solely by increasing the area allocated for land treatment requires large investment in pump, pipes and irrigator infrastructure. A less costly strategy, of sowing and grazing a summer turnip on the land treatment area in order to redistribute K to the pasture area is evaluated in this thesis. A survey (February 2006) showed that in the Manawatu region turnip crop yields (8 to 17t DM.ha⁻¹) provided profitable feed for dairy cows, were a suitable re-grassing strategy and if harvested, removed 350 to 700 kg K ha⁻¹ from the soil. In the summer of 2005/06, a turnip (Brassica rapa cv. Barkant) trial was established after permanent pasture on a Pallic soil (pH 6.5, Olsen P 35.2 ug. g⁻¹, exchangeable K⁺ 0.7, Ca²⁺ 6.3, Mg²⁺ 1.4 me/ 100 g soil). The following treatments pre-plant fertiliser only (38 kg N ha⁻¹, 25 kg P ha⁻¹) and 25 kg K ha⁻¹), pre-plant fertiliser plus side-dressed urea at 40 DAS (46 kg N ha⁻¹) and pre-plant fertiliser plus 5 x 10 mm FDE applications (57kgha⁻¹) all produced similar final dry matter yields (8 t DM ha⁻¹) at 100 days after sowing (DAS). Leaf was the largest component of dry matter and had higher K concentrations (4.6 and 6.8% K in the control and FDE treatments respectively) than bulb (3 and 4 %K in the control and FDE treatments respectively). The ratio of leaf to bulb dry matter however varied for each different treatment. Side-dressed urea and FDE treatments produced the largest leaf biomass and reached maximum yields earlier by 75 DAS and 64 DAS, respectively and generated more K removal at harvest (339, 428 & 537 kg K ha-⁻ at 75 DAS and 316, 372 & 490 kg K ha-⁻ at 100 DAS for pre-plant only, urea & FDE treatments, respectively). The lack of yield response to N partially resulted from crop uptake of between 107 and 114 kg N ha-⁻ from mineralisable soil N. The dynamic N crop model N-able

Published
2006

40. Acoso y violencia sexual, lo que no es normal

Author

Salazar, Monica Isabel, Baquero, Monica, Pombo Posada, María Alejandra, Salazar, Monica Isabel, Baquero, Monica, and Pombo Posada, María Alejandra

Abstract

El acoso y la violencia sexual, están definidos como un problema sistémico dentro de la sociedad. Por más de que existen diferentes estudios del tema, es necesario hacer una investigación más rigurosa que permita encontrar cuáles son las causas de este fenómeno. En este estudio se pretende hacer una recopilación del tema, teniendo en cuenta algunos factores que parecen influir de manera directa e indirecta en el tema de violencia sexual. En primer lugar, se tiene en cuenta el concepto de violencia, que se considera una gran carga en esta problemática. Como segundo punto, se focaliza el tema de violencia en Colombia, específicamente de violencia sexual en las universidades y cuáles son las diferentes características que se presentan con esta. Como tercer punto, se hace énfasis en el tema de acoso sexual, sus manifestaciones, las consecuencias y la reglamentación de este. Por último, se hace una conclusión en donde se evidencian cuáles son los fenómenos y el estado en el que se encuentra el acoso sexual dentro de las universidades en Bogotá. Ya dentro del marco de la Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, se realiza una matriz con objetivos, en donde se plantean acciones pertinentes para visibilizar, educar, y lograr la reducción de este fenómeno.

41. Thermal depolarization and electromechanical hardening in Zn2+‐doped Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐BaTiO3.

Author

Kodumudi Venkataraman, Lalitha, Zhu, Tingting, Pinto Salazar, Monica, Hofmann, Kathrin, Iqbal Waidha, Aamir, Jaud, J. C., Groszewicz, Pedro B., and Rödel, Jürgen

Subjects
*NUCLEAR magnetic resonance, *ELECTROMECHANICAL effects, *QUENCHING (Chemistry), *QUALITY factor, *PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics
Abstract

Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐based materials have been earmarked for one of the first large‐volume applications of lead‐free piezoceramics in high‐power ultrasonics. Zn2+‐doping is demonstrated as a viable route to enhance the thermal depolarization temperature and electromechanically harden (1‐y)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐yBaTiO3 (NBT100yBT) with a maximum achievable operating temperature of 150 °C and mechanical quality factor of 627 for 1 mole % Zn2+‐doped NBT6BT. Although quenching from sintering temperatures has been recently touted to enhance TF‐R, with quenching the doped compositions featuring an additional increase in TF‐R by 17 °C, it exhibits negligible effect on the electromechanical properties. The effect is rationalized considering the missing influence on conductivity and therefore, negligible changes in the defect chemistry upon quenching. High‐resolution diffraction indicates that Zn2+‐doped samples favor the tetragonal phase with enhanced lattice distortion, further corroborated by 23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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42. Transcriptional Profile of HCV Replicon Cells after Treatment with Acetylsalicylic Acid.

Author

Rios-Ibarra CP, Verduzco-Garza B, Ortiz-Lopez R, Grondin Y, Salinas-Santander M, Arvizu-Gutierrez LA, Sanchez-Salazar MG, Cervantes-Astorga E, Orozco-Nunnelly DA, and Rivas-Estilla AM

Subjects
Antioxidants pharmacology, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Aspirin pharmacology, Hepacivirus genetics, Humans, RNA, Viral genetics, Replicon genetics, Tumor Microenvironment, Virus Replication genetics, Hepatitis C genetics, Liver Neoplasms drug therapy, Liver Neoplasms genetics
Abstract

Objective: It has been demonstrated in vitro that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment halves hepatitis C virus (HCV) expression in hepatocarcinoma cells. However, the signaling pathway that promotes this ASA-induced antiviral effect has not yet been identified., Aim: The aim of this work was to identify alterations in the transcriptional profile of Huh-7-HCV-subgenomic replicon cells with vs. without ASA treatment. This comparison sheds light onto the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the antiviral effects of ASA., Methods: Human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh-7) cells that express non-structural HCV proteins (Huh-7-HCV-replicon cells) were exposed to 4 mM ASA for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Total RNA was isolated, and cDNA was synthesized. Transcripts were then tagged with biotin and purified. Thereafter, they were fragmented and hybridized on HG-U133 Plus 2 Gene Expression chips. Hybridization signals were captured using a GeneChip 3000 7G Scanner and analyzed via Expression Console and dChip Software., Results: When exposed to ASA, hepatocarcinoma cells with non-structural HCV proteins were found to differentially regulate genes with oxidative roles in the cell. The most upregulated genes were interleukin 8 (IL-8), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and metallothioneins (MTs), while the most downregulated genes were ribonucleotide reductases (RRs)., Conclusion: These results show that ASA modulates the expression of genes with antioxidant functions. This suggests that ASA induces a remodeling of the antioxidant microenvironment, which may in turn interfere with the replication of HCV., (© 2022 by the Association of Clinical Scientists, Inc.)

Published
2022

43. Down regulation of tumour biomarkers in colon cancer cells with IRNA PFK-1 plus metformin.

Author

Reyes Serratos EA, Fernandez Castillo E, Sanchez Lopez L, Salinas Santander M, Orozco Nunnelly DA, Sanchez Salazar MG, Cervantes Astorga E, Rivas Estilla AM, and Rios Ibarra CP

Subjects
Colonic Neoplasms genetics, Drug Combinations, Humans, Phosphofructokinase-1 genetics, RNA, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Colonic Neoplasms drug therapy, Colonic Neoplasms pathology, Down-Regulation drug effects, Metformin administration & dosage, Phosphofructokinase-1 administration & dosage
Abstract

Purpose: Metformin has been widely used for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), hyperglycemia and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Recent studies have suggested the potential of this substance as a cancer chemopreventive agent. We evaluated the antitumoral effect of iRNA-PFK-1 and the combined therapy iRNA-PFK-1 + metformin in RKO p53-positive cells., Methods: mRNA levels of tumor suppressor genes AMPK, APC, and c-MYC, KRAS oncogenes were measured by qRT-PCR in RKO cells treated with 25 µM metformin alone or combined with iRNA-PFK-1, to evaluate the effect of both treatments., Results: At 72 h after treatment with either 25 µM metformin, 150 nM iRNA-PFK-1, or the combined treatment, the transcriptional levels of these biomarkers were decreased by ~73% (p˂0.05), ~99.9%, (p˂0.01), and ~76% (p˂0.05), respectively., Conclusion: These in vitro results support the potential therapeutic role of metformin and PFK-1 in the treatment of colon cancer via down-modulation of the expression of several important cancer biomarkers.

Published
2021

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