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BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are PD-1–blocking antibodies that are FDAapproved for a variety of malignancies. Previously, only 1 fixed dosing schedule was approved for these agents, with nivolumab dosed at 240 mg intravenously (IV) every 2 weeks and pembrolizumab dosed at 200 mg IV every 3 weeks. Recently, the FDA approved an alternate dosing schedule for nivolumab dosed at 480 mg IV every 4 weeks and pembrolizumab dosed at 400 mg IV every 6 weeks following the results of pharmacokinetic simulation models that showed a similar risk-benefit profile based on a relatively small sample size. OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and infusion reactions of different FDA-approved dosing regimens for nivolumab and pembrolizumab. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective chart review included 171 adults with cancer who received at least 2 doses of nivolumab or pembrolizumab at either dosing schedule for any diagnosis of cancer at Duke University Health System between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2021. The primary end point was the incidence of any-grade irAEs occurring in each of the 4 study groups (nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2 weeks, nivolumab 480 mg IV every 4 weeks, pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks, and pembrolizumab 400 mg IV every 6 weeks) within 6 months of treatment initiation. RESULTS: The incidence rates of any-grade irAEs were 40% for the patients who received nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2 weeks and 46% for the patients who received nivolumab 480 mg IV every 4 weeks. The rates of any-grade irAEs were 34% in the patients who received pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks and 47.6% in those who received pembrolizumab 400 mg IV every 6 weeks. Although the number of patients with irAEs was higher in the groups that received nivolumab 480 mg IV every 4 weeks or pembrolizumab 400 mg IV every 6 weeks, the incidence of irAEs was not significantly different between the group that received nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2 weeks versus nivolumab 480 mg IV every 4 weeks (P=.54, chi-square) and the group that received pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks versus pembrolizumab 400 mg IV every 6 weeks (P=.28, chi-square). The patients who received nivolumab 480 mg IV every 4 weeks had a higher incidence of infusion reactions than those who received nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2 weeks (10% vs 4%, respectively). Patients who received pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks had a higher incidence of infusion reactions than those who received pembrolizumab 400 mg IV every 6 weeks (6% vs 0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The incidence of irAEs was not significantly different among patients receiving nivolumab or pembrolizumab at either dosing schedules. The incidence of infusion reactions was higher in the groups that received nivolumab 480 mg IV every 4 weeks or pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks than in the groups that received nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2 weeks or pembrolizumab 400 mg IV every 6 weeks. Further studies are warranted to validate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of climate change on selected plant species from the hyper-arid landscape of United Arab Emirates (UAE) was assessed through modeling of their habitat suitability and distribution. Calotropis procera, Prosopis cineraria and Ziziphus spina-christi were used for this study. The specific objectives of this study were to identify the current and future (for 2050s and 2070s) suitable habitats distribution using MaxEnt, an Ecological Envelope Model. Methods: The adopted method consists of extraction of current and future bioclimatic variables together with their land use cover and elevation for the study area. MaxEnt species distribution model was then used to simulate the distribution of the selected species. The projections are simulated for the current date, the 2050s and 2070s using Community Climate System Model version 4 with representative concentration pathway RCP4.5. Results: The current distribution model of all three species evolved with a high suitable habitat towards the north eastern part of the country. For C. procera, an area of 1775 km 2 is modeled under highly suitable habitat for the current year, while it is expected to increase for both 2050s and 2070s. The current high suitability of P. cinararia was around an area of 1335 km 2 and the future projection revealed an increase of high suitability habitats. Z. spina-christi showed a potential area of 5083 km 2 under high suitability and it might increase in the future. Conclusions: Precipitation of coldest quarter (BIO19) had the maximum contribution for all the three species under investigation.

The magnet design, winding process and magnet testing of large bore solenoids made with commercial multifilament Mg[B.sub.2] tape are studied. The quench propagation study on the coil made with 2 m with multifilament Mg[B.sub.2] tape is described.

The article studies the performance of a 14 cm bore solenoid wound with 400 meters of multifilament copper stabilized tape. Results suggest that the magnet reaches 175 A at 16 K with a central magnetic flux density of 1 Tesla.

The analysis explains the process of powder metallurgy, which is utilized for the fabrication of the cube-textured Ni-9%atW substrate for YBCO superconducting wires. These conductors are found to exhibit reduced AC losses and improved mechanical properties.

The analysis explains the effects of chemical doping on the enhancement of the current carrying capability of he [Y.sub.1][Ba.sub.2][Cu.sub.3][O.sub.7] (YBCO) films. The enhancement is found to be a result of the development of the flux pinning sites in the doped samples.