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This research analyzes the criteria of academic staff members of Shahid Bahonar University for valuing information as an asset. The research method is a descriptive survey, and the statistical population of the research is the faculty members of the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experienced professors and experts from Cronbach's alpha, which was calculated as 0.764. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 software descriptive statistics and one-sample t-tests, and Friedman was used. The findings showed that in the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, the criteria of the number of scientific productions leading to the development of knowledge, the number of scientific productions leading to the development of the organization's goals, and the number of scientific productions leading to effectiveness using the value of productivity, the criterion of paying the subscription fee to use Databases are valued with the information use value index. No measures of information are valued with the exchange value index. Based on the Friedman test, the criteria of "value of paying a fee to meet information, educational and research needs," "credit value of paying a fee to meet information, educational and research needs," and "value of paying a fee in influential databases to meet information needs, Educational and Research" are in the first to third categories respectively. What is obtained from the results of this research is that in three important and influential areas of productivity, use of information, and exchange value of information, faculty members pay the most attention to the issues related to the production of information for the development of knowledge and organization, as well as the cost of information consumption and the value of information. They are aimed at payment.

Introduction: Motivation in education and learning are significant challenges in clinical education. This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical education status and academic motivation among clinical-stage medical students Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 198 medical interns and residents at Gonabad University of Medical Sciences during the academic year 2021-2022 using a census method. Data collection tools included the Clinical Education Status Questionnaire and the Harter Academic Motivation Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to describe the participants' status, and data were analyzed using independent t-tests, Pearson, and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The mean score for clinical education status among interns was 51.93 ± 16.56, while for residents, it was 12.93 ± 08.12. The mean score for academic motivation among interns was 102.07 ± 11.30, and for residents, it was 100.07 ± 11.54. Overall, the clinical education status averaged 93.31, indicating a relatively moderate level and Academic motivation averaged 101.05 ± 11.44, indicating a high level, with a significant correlation observed between clinical education status and academic motivation (r = 0.454). Conclusion: Given the weakness in the clinical education status, as well as the direct relationship between clinical education status and academic motivation, it is recommended that university officials, particularly in the educational and clinical departments, focus on special attention and planning to improve the clinical education status at the university.

Introduction: One of the main aspects of medical students is clinical education. The cognitive apprenticeship model is one of the principles of clinical education and contains six dimensions, including modeling, coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflection, and exploration. This research aimed to evaluate the clinical education at Kerman University of Medical Sciences based on the cognitive apprenticeship model in 2021. Method: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional research, the Maastricht Clinical Education Questionnaire was separated among 150 students, and with a response rate of 74%, 112 of them completed this. Results: In the evaluation of the clinical education at Kerman University of Medical Sciences, the score of the articulation domain was higher than others, and the lowest score was given to the reflection domain. Clinical education in the internal medicine department was the most consistent with the cognitive apprenticeship model. Conclusion: Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of clinical education is the first step toward improving the quality of medical education. In the subsequent steps, the practitioners and planners of the faculty member empowerment programs should design, implement, and evaluate educational empowerment programs for clinical faculty members to improve their academic skills in the clinical education environment.

Abstract Background Elevated blood glucose concentration, also known as hyperglycemia, has been identified as a significant factor influencing the prognosis of COVID-19, alongside the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. Methods This research is a cross-sectional investigation that examined the relationship between COVID-19 and hyperglycemia in patients admitted to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran, from July to September 2021. A standardized data sheet was used to capture demographic data (age, gender) and laboratory information (blood sugar, arterial blood oxygen saturation, and C-reactive protein (CRP)) upon admission. Results The present research evaluated a total of 300 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, with an average age of 50.19 ± 15.55 years. Among these patients, the majority were male, accounting for 51.67% of the total. Hyperglycemia was seen in 21.67% of patients, but less than 20% had new-onset diabetes. Individuals exhibiting hyperglycemia were typical of advanced age (P

Abstract Background Faculty development programs can bring about both individual and organizational capacity development by enhancing individuals’ attitudes, values, and skillsto enable them to implement organizational change. Understanding how faculty development programs produce capacity development, and the influencing factors, requires further understanding. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of the participants of a faculty development program about the capacity development features of the program and the influencing factors. Methods A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used. Faculty members were surveyed about their perspectives on capacity development of faculty development. Subsequently, 22 interviews were conducted with the respondents to deepem understanding of the survey results. Interview transcripts underwent conventional content analysis. Results A total of 203 completed the questionnaire. Most of the faculty highly agreed that the faculty development programs had produced capacity development. The combined data identified (a) “quality of faculty development programs”, underscoring the significance of robust and comprehensive initiatives, (b) “development in instruction”, emphasizing the importance of continuous improvement in pedagogical approaches (c) “development in professionalism”, highlighting the necessity for cultivating a culture of professionalism among faculty members, (d) “development in attitude towards education”, emphasizing the role of mindset in fostering effective teaching practices, and (e) “supporting faculty development programs”, with fostering organizational growth and innovation. Important barriers and facilitators of the capacity development process included several organizational, interpersonal, and individual factors. Conclusion The study identified specific features of the capacity development process in the context of a faculty development program and highlighted the importance of these programs in producing changes in both individuals and within the wider organizational system. Several factors that enabled and constrained the capacity development process were also identified. The findings of the study can inform future implementation of faculty development programs for capacity development.

Critical to human survival, water resources, including groundwater and particularly rivers, are under threat from anthropogenic pollution. The major Kashafrud River, located in northeastern Iran, is a seasonal watercourse currently encountering numerous challenges. At present, a stretch of this historic river (Parkandabad to the basin's exit) carries wastewater, comprising industrial, urban, agricultural, and even livestock effluents, transforming it into a conduit for sewage. This study reviews existing research on the challenges faced by the Kashafrud River, including pollution, climate change, and its impacts, as well as reduced runoff and drought. It outlines the crisis afflicting the river and then explores solutions to mitigate the current conditions. This research process involved reviewing previous studies on the challenges of Kashafrud, conducting field visits, engaging in discussions with local residents, and validating these findings through consultation with regional water experts responsible for overseeing this water course. Research indicates that there has been a limited focus on the pollution issue in Kashafrud, underscoring the evident necessity for comprehensive scientific inquiry aimed at presenting suitable solutions to tackle river contamination. In conclusion, through analyzing solutions proposed in previous studies and summarizing their strengths and weaknesses, 13 practical solutions were presented to provide the most effective strategies for addressing the challenges of this significant river.

Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has emerged as a major global health crisis. Vitamin D, a crucial fat‐soluble vitamin, has been recommended for COVID‐19 patients, though evidence of its effectiveness is inconsistent. This systematic literature review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on COVID‐19‐related outcomes. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Primary outcomes included mortality and hospital length of stay, while secondary outcomes encompassed C‐reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, D‐dimer, hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, and lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts. Data analysis was performed using Stata™ Version 14. A total of 16 trials were analyzed. The meta‐analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced hospital length of stay (mean difference = −1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.23, −0.09; p = .033) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 69.2%, p = .002). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced reduction in studies with vitamin D dosages ≤10 000 international units (IU) (mean difference = −1.27; 95% CI: −1.96, −0.57; p 60 years) (mean difference = −1.13; 95% CI: −2.07, −0.18; p = .019). No significant changes were found in ferritin, D‐dimer, Hb concentrations, or in lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts (p > .05). In conclusion, while vitamin D supplementation did not significantly affect most COVID‐19‐related biomarkers, however, it reduces the length of hospital stay.

Monkeypox, now named mpox, has emerged as a significant public threat, as evidenced by the 2022 outbreak affecting over seventy countries globally. This infectious disease presents debilitating symptoms, including painful skin rashes, mucosal lesions, enlarged lymph nodes, and fever. The situation intensifies with concerns about a novel transmission route, specifically through sexual contact, and the evolution of more transmissible strains. Complicating matters further is the documented spillback of mpox from humans to animals, raising the potential for new animal reservoirs. This study utilized a systematic approach to gather, analyse, and interpret data regarding global mpox outbreaks, phylogenomics, human APOBEC3 enzyme activity, antiviral resistance issues, and the application of the One Health intervention. Emphasizing a One Health approach covers various aspects, including zoonotic origins, pathogenesis, changing epidemiological landscapes, phylogenomic diversity, and clade dynamics. The review underscores the crucial role of global collaboration in understanding and combatting mpox and making it a valuable resource for shaping effective prevention and control measures on a global scale.

Introduction: Self-regulation motivation in medical students in clinical education is a key factor in their academic success. This study aims to compare the status of self-regulation motivation strategies in medical students before and after the beginning of clinical education at Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2022. Method: This semi-experimental single-group study used the Meta-Motivational Strategies in Medical Students Questionnaire for 80 medical students who were clerkships. Results: The mean of self-regulation motivation strategies in medical students before entering the clinical education phase was 113.43, and at the end of the first semester of clinical education was 116.20. The results showed an increase in the status of self-regulation motivation strategies by medical students in the clinical education phase. The most self-regulation motivation strategy used by students before and after the start of clinical education was "Regulation of value". Conclusion: Medical students use different strategies to regulate their motivation during clinical education. To maintain and increase the motivation of medical students, it is crucial to identify and strengthen self-regulation motivation strategies.

Abstract Background While the concept of hacking in education has gained traction in recent years, there is still much uncertainty surrounding this approach. As such, this scoping review seeks to provide a detailed overview of the existing literature on hacking in health profession education and to explore what we know (and do not know) about this emerging trend. Methods This was a scoping review study using specific keywords conducted on 8 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, PsycINFO, Education Source, CINAHL) with no time limitation. To find additional relevant studies, we conducted a forward and backward searching strategy by checking the reference lists and citations of the included articles. Studies reporting the concept and application of hacking in education and those articles published in English were included. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened and the data were extracted by 2 authors. Results Twenty-two articles were included. The findings are organized into two main categories, including (a) a Description of the interventions and expected outcomes and (b) Aspects of hacking in health profession education. Conclusion Hacking in health profession education refers to a positive application that has not been explored before as discovering creative and innovative solutions to enhance teaching and learning. This includes implementing new instructional methods, fostering collaboration, and critical thinking to utilize unconventional approaches.

Introduction and GoalUsers prepare accurate data of the amount of rainfall by using rain gauge stations. However, an interpolation of rainfall data is difficult due to temporal and spatial variability. Therefore, rain gauge stations are not well distributed in many areas, especially in mountainous areas. In a mountainous area, understanding the interaction between the resolution of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and climate variables is necessary for accurate spatial interpolation of average rainfall in many areas, and on the other hand, the need for accurate information in hydrological modeling and many environmental studies and it is climatic. One of the problems that exists in many hydrological studies is that rainfall maps are always prepared using interpolation or available DEM, regardless of rainfall, which have an estimated rainfall error.Materials and MethodsIn this study, four DEMs with spatial resolutions of 30, 90, 1000, and 10000 m, which are the most common DEMs in studies, were used to introduce the best elevation digital model for extracting the rainfall gradient map from the data of 11 meteorological stations in Kermanshah province. A rainfall map for Kermanshah province was prepared using a linear regression model fitted between the height of each station and the 20-year average rainfall. The best DEM for rainfall estimation was then determined on the basis of error evaluation criteria.ResultsThe results of this research showed that in estimating rainfall, DEMs with cell sizes of 1000 and 10000 m (R2 = 0.76, 0.81) were more accurate than DEMs with spatial accuracy of 30 and 90 m (R2 = 0.75). In the examination of the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NS), compared to other digital height models of accuracy, DEM with a spatial resolution of 1000 m (one km) with a Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.76, a significance level of 0.01, and a correlation coefficient of 0.81 was found to have greater accuracy.Conclusion and SuggestionsThe results of the present study can be used to estimate and generalize rainfall in areas that do not have stations and to prepare rainfall maps in areas where the number of stations is limited. In addition, it should be used in univariate interpolation methods that do not have proper accuracy because spatial distances are not considered. In addition, due to the complex topography of the earth and the non-uniformity of meteorological stations on the earth’s surface, high-resolution models with higher spatial resolution are required for the estimation of rainfall, which increases the accuracy of digital models in the evaluation of rainfall studies by removing topographical levels that cause errors.

Abstract Background The importance of motivation regulation in medical students is highly significant due to their unique educational circumstances, such as clinical exposure. However, the role of clinical exposure in learning motivational self-regulation skills in students has not been explored thus far. This current study aims to investigate the role of clinical exposure on motivational self-regulation skills in medical students based on cognitive apprenticeship model. Method This study was descriptive-analytical research conducted in 2022 on medical students. Data collection involved two questionnaires including Meta motivational Strategies in Medical Students Questionnaire and Maastricht Clinical Teaching Questionnaire. The research comprised two stages including measuring motivational self-regulation strategies in students before entering the clinical exposure phase, and simultaneous measurement of clinical exposure based on the student’s viewpoint and their motivational self-regulation strategies at the end of the first term of clinical exposure. Results The results revealed a significant relationship between six dimensions of the cognitive apprenticeship model, including modeling, coaching, scaffolding, reflection, exploration, and learning environment, with motivational self-regulation strategies. However, there was no significant relationship between the articulation dimension of the cognitive apprenticeship model and motivational self-regulation strategies. Conclusion Clinical exposure indirectly enhances students’ metacognitive skills. Observing the behavior of clinical faculty in the clinical exposure setting leads to the improvement of motivational self-regulation strategies in medical students.

Migration is not a new phenomenon. The first migrations are attributed to prehistoric times, but what has attracted a lot of attention today is its increasing growth (1).

Background: Mucormycosis can be lethal in people with immunocompromising conditions, especially Diabetes Mellitus. Correction of the underlying disorders, instant initiation of antifungal therapy, and surgical resection are the main components of treatment. Herin, we present the successful medical management of Mucormycosis in a patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and positive SARS-CoV-2 test who presented with a less seen condition: the simultaneity of mediastinal mass on one side and an endobronchial mass on the other. Case presentation: An 18-year-old male with a history of insulin-dependent DM from 4 years ago presented to our hospital with sudden onset dyspnea, chest pain, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, and sputum. Also, we detected unilateral swelling in the neck and multiple lymph nodes in the neck. Lung auscultation revealed bilateral generalized wheezing. Primary laboratory tests detected high blood sugar, metabolic acidosis, positive urine ketone, high ESR, positive CRP, and leukocytosis; his polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. Chest X-ray showed left upper lobe consolidation. Computed tomography scan (CT-scan) of the chest revealed a large collapse consolidation in the left lung, mild left side pleural effusion, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and distention in the esophagus. With suspicion of malignancy, we performed flexible bronchoscopy and endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) which revealed a creamy tumoral lesion in the right main bronchus. The biopsy was consistent with Mucormycosis. We successfully treated Mucormycosis with Amphotericin-B liposomal. Conclusion: Mucormycosis can mimic the clinical characteristics of malignancy, and emphasize the importance of considering appropriate differential diagnoses because timely diagnosis and treatment is potentially life-saving in Mucormycosis.

Abstract Background Although acupressure is proposed to boost sleep quality and alleviate anxiety in various disorders, no trials have yet documented these consequences in burn victims. Considering the high importance of managing sleep quality and anxiety among burn patients utilizing adjunctive non-pharmacological measures, this study sought to investigate the impacts of acupressure on sleep quality and anxiety among a population of Iranian patients with burn injuries. Methods This trial was performed on 72 patients with second- or third-degree burns, who were divided into two equal arms to receive routine care plus 10-minute acupressure on either real acupoints (i.e., Yintang and Shen men) or sham points for three consecutive nights. Sleep quality and anxiety were investigated at baseline (T1) and on the fourth day (T2) by using St. Mary’s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMHSQ) and Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for State Anxiety (STAI-S), respectively. Results The mean scores of SMHSQ and STAI-S were significantly lower in the real acupressure arm at T2 (P

Abstract Background and aim Education development offices are one of the main branches of medical education centers for directing the educational performance of medical sciences universities to achieve educational goals. Due to their close presence and communication with educational environments, these offices are highly important. To effectively guide and empower these offices, it is necessary to analyze their current situation, identify the challenges, and provide solutions to address them. This study was conducted to identify the challenges and provide solutions for the activities of medical education development offices. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in two stages, including 29 semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion with experts in 2022 at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was purposive. The content analysis of data was performed based on conventional qualitative content analysis. Results Data analysis resulted in the emergence of two main categories including challenges facing the activities of medical education development offices and solutions for improving the activities of these offices, and comprising some categories containing organizational structure factors, cognitive factors, communication factors, and motivational factors. Conclusion Education development offices are one of medical universities’ main policymaking and quality control institutions. Efforts are being made to establish EDOs structures within the university. The formation of a clear and performance-based reward system for faculty members who are the managers of the EDOs is proposed. Improving interactions between EDOs and other parts of the university to coordinate activities, and exchange of experiences are highlighted.

Abstract Background Recent reviews have reported inconclusive results regarding the usefulness of consuming dates (Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit) in the peripartum period. Hence, this updated systematic review with meta-analysis sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of this integrated intervention in facilitating childbirth and improving perinatal outcomes. Methods Eight data sources were searched comprehensively from their inception until April 30, 2023. Parallel-group randomized and non-randomized controlled trials published in any language were included if conducted during peripartum (i.e., third trimester of pregnancy, late pregnancy, labor, or postpartum) to assess standard care plus oral consumption of dates versus standard care alone or combined with other alternative interventions. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment tools and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) were employed to evaluate the potential RoB and the overall quality of the evidence, respectively. Sufficient data were pooled by a random-effect approach utilizing Stata software. Results Of 2,460 records in the initial search, 48 studies reported in 55 publications were included. Data were insufficient for meta-analysis regarding fetal, neonatal, or infant outcomes; nonetheless, most outcomes were not substantially different between dates consumer and standard care groups. However, meta-analyses revealed that dates consumption in late pregnancy significantly shortened the length of gestation and labor, except for the second labor stage; declined the need for labor induction; accelerated spontaneity of delivery; raised cervical dilatation (CD) upon admission, Bishop score, and frequency of spontaneous vaginal delivery. The dates intake in labor also significantly reduced labor duration, except for the third labor stage, and increased CD two hours post-intervention. Moreover, the intervention during postpartum significantly boosted the breast milk quantity and reduced post-delivery hemorrhage. Likewise, dates supplementation in the third trimester of pregnancy significantly increased maternal hemoglobin levels. The overall evidence quality was also unacceptable, and RoB was high in most studies. Furthermore, the intervention’s safety was recorded only in four trials. Conclusion More well-designed investigations are required to robustly support consuming dates during peripartum as effective and safe integrated care. Trial registration PROSPERO Registration No: CRD42023399626

Background: Cerebrovascular accident dramatically impacts patients' lives. However, this chronic disease could be managed by boosting self-care and following healthy behaviors. Accordingly, this trial sought to specify the impact of a training program established on the theory of planned behavior on the self-care of clients with this condition. Materials and Methods: This trial was performed on 80 clients, who were selected using a random numbers table and divided into two equal groups to receive either usual care alone or usual care plus a training program based on the theory of planned behavior (five in-hospital individual sessions for 5 weeks and weekly phone follow-ups for 2 months after discharge). Self-care and the dimensions of the theory of planned behavior were investigated at baseline and 2 months after the last in-hospital session using the standardized Shah version of the modified Barthel index and a researcher-made questionnaire, respectively. Results: The mean score of self-care was significantly higher in the experimental arm at the posttest (Mann–Whitney = 506.00, p = 0.005). Also, the increase in mean change of self-care from baseline to posttest was significantly more in the experimental arm (t78= -6.6, p < 0.001). Such findings were also found for all dimensions of the theory of planned behavior. Conclusions: Based on results, nurses and health policymakers can incorporate training based on the theory of planned behavior into routine care programs for patients with cerebrovascular accident to boost their self-care. The implemented intervention also could be reproduced in other contexts. Hence, further trials are requested to specify the sustainability of the findings.

Abstract Background Medical students’ empathy toward patients with Alzheimer’s is rarely found in formal medical curricula. Based on Vygotsky’s theory, watching films and reflection can be considered as effective methods to improve empathy. The present study aimed to explore medical students’ perceptions of empathy toward patients with Alzheimer after participating in an educational program by using interactive video based on Vygotsky’s theory. Methods This qualitative study was conducted at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The population included all 40 medical students. Firstly, the Still Alice movie which is about the feelings of a professor who was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease was shown to the students. Secondly, the students reflected on their experiences of watching the movie. Thirdly, a session was held for group discussion on the subject of the movie, the patient’s feelings, the doctor’s attitude, the social environment surrounding the patient shown in the movie, and the necessity of empathy toward patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The reflection papers were analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method. Results After analyzing 216 codes from 38 reflection papers, four categories, including communication with a patient with Alzheimer’s, understanding the patient with Alzheimer’s as a whole, medical science development, and the student’s individual ideology, were extracted. Conclusion Reflection and group discussion after watching movie by providing opportunities for social interaction about personal interpretations will lead to active role in enhancing empathy. Based on the perceptions of the medical students, they gained a perspective to consider the patient as a whole and pay attention to establishing a proper relationship with the patient.

Background: Preeclampsia is one high blood pressure (hypertension) disorder occurring during pregnancy with adverse effects on both mother and fetus.Aim: The present study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between demographic-obstetrics variables and quantitative adequacy index of prenatal care with preeclampsia.Method: This case-control study was performed on 90 preeclampsia and 150 non-preeclampsia women referred to the university hospitals in Mashhad. The samples in the case group were selected from the hospitalized individuals with a definite diagnosis of preeclampsia, and those in the control group among pregnant women without preeclampsia referred to receive prenatal care. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22). P

IntroductionEvapotranspiration is one of the key components of water balance and irrigation planning. Thus, the accurate estimation of this component and the water consumption of plants can improve the management of water use and increase the efficiency of water consumption. Due to the limitation of tools for measuring evaporation-transpiration, remote sensing methods can be used for this purpose. There are several remote sensing algorithms for actual evaporation estimation including SEBAL, SEBS, Metric, etc. In this study we used the triangle method which only was used by Salimifard et al. (2022) in Mashhad Plain. They evaluated the results for the agricultural products, i.e., wheat and maize. The aim of this study is to evaluate the triangle method for a horticultural crop, i.e., pistachio in Kerman Plain. MethodologyThe study area is Kerman Plain in which pistachio is one of the most important agricultural products. Due to water scarcity in this plain, determining the water requirement of the crops is crucial for agricultural activities. Accordingly, it is important to have an appropriate estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the plain. In this paper, the triangular algorithm was used to estimate actual evapotranspiration in the Kerman Plain in the growing seasons of 2020 (1399) and 2021 (1400). For this purpose, the Landsat 8 satellite images with less than 10% cloudiness were used. The variables such as NDVI, LST, etc., were calculated by using the JAVA programming language in the Google Earth Engine code (GEE) system environment. The required meteorological data of Kerman station were acquired from IRIMO. The triangular algorithm is based on the two-dimensional spatial plot of normalized LST and normalized NDVI, which were calculated using bands 10, 5, and 4 of the Landsat 8 in the GEE. Estimation of the wet and dry edges was conducted by MATLAB code. the actual evapotranspiration obtained using the triangular method for a pistachio orchard, which was under irrigation management, was compared to the values obtained by the FAO-56 method. The results were evaluated by correlation coefficient (r), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Error (ME).Results and discussionThe results showed that the amount of evapotranspiration for pistachio was estimated with acceptable accuracy (r= 0.73 and RMSE=1.8, nRMSE=0.4, ME=-1.6). However, the NSE less than zero (-1.3) shows that the observed (FAO-56) mean is a better predictor than the Triangle algorithm. The values obtained from the triangular algorithm were lower than the values of FAO 56, which was in line with the results of the previous studies for both Agricultural and horticultural crops. This underestimation could be due to the uncertainty of the algorithm, uncertainty in the measured data, or due to the time difference between the date of the selected images and the date of irrigation. Moreover, inappropriate quality of water and soil in Kerman Plain and the uncertainty of plant coefficients used are among the factors that can underestimate evapotranspiration values by the algorithm. ConclusionsIn this study, the triangular algorithm was used to estimate actual evapotranspiration in Kerman plain using remote sensing data. Actual evapotranspiration values obtained from the triangular algorithm were lower than FAO 56 values, which might be due to the uncertainty of the algorithm, uncertainty in the measured data, uncertainty of plant coefficients, or due to the time difference between the date of the selected images and the date of irrigation. To have a better evaluation of the remote sensing algorithms, it can be suggested to develop and apply a micro lysimeter in the farms and orchards, or to use the soil water balance of the farms and orchards. These may help to choose the more appropriate algorithm for the given study area, leading to providing the more proper and applicable advices for the farmers for managing the shortage of the water resources. Furthermore, it may help to update the crop coefficients which may lead to better estimation of evapotranspiration.

The present study aimed to provide a conceptual model of cultural policy-making in Payame Noor universities in District 8 based on piety and virtue. In this study, the components of cultural policy based on piety were first identified through exploratory studies and surveys of knowledge-aware experts using the Delphi technique, and then these factors were tested in the form of a model designed in the statistical population. The statistical population of the study was 30 experts to test the model and to measure the research variables according to the managers of District 8 Payame Noor University; the head of cultural affairs of the university and clerics and professors of Islamic education department of Payame Noor Universities District 8 were used, which were 110 individuals. Due to the limited statistical population, the census method was used. The present study is a descriptive-correlational research that has been done by survey method. Furthermore, this research is development-applied in terms of purpose. The data collection method in this study is a combination of library and field studies and the tools of data collection are review of documents, interviews and questionnaires, which confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (types of indicators, statistical tables and graphs) and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling) have been used. The research findings, while confirming the proposed model of research, showed that piety and its components: God-centeredness and monotheism, promoting the need to obey divine sovereignty, expediency in Islamic culture and meritocracy (Imam Ali's biography) have a positive and significant effect on cultural planning. At the end, research suggestions were presented.

Background: Ethical managers provide mutual trust in the organization by increasing the authority to act, which increases interest in work. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the Ethical leadership status and performance health of Education workers. Methods: This study was applied, descriptive and by survey method on 341 Education workers in Kerman province, in which the samples were selected by stratified random method and included in the study. Data collection was done on 46 questions and job performance questionnaire including 28 questions. 30 specialists used the Delphi technique to assess the components' dependability, and AMOS software was installed. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7 revealed the items' internal consistency and verified their dependability. Software called SPSS-22 was utilized to analyze the data. Results: The results show that the status of ethical leadership and its components are favorable among employees, and the status of job performance and its task dimension are not favorable, and this variable was favorable only in the contextual dimension. The components of job enthusiasm (behavioral, cognitive and emotional) which are considered as predictors of job performance, have a significant difference in which there is a relationship between job enthusiasm and ethical leadership of healthcare workers. Conclusion: The results of job enthusiasm with the mediation of moral leadership show the strengthening of employees' performance health. By identifying the influencing factors related to job performance and work enthusiasm, managers can help to better understand the nature of employees' performance and work enthusiasm.

Abstract Background and aim Faculty retention in medical sciences universities is one of the most important values for the survival of the educational system. This study aimed to explore the viewpoint of faculty members of medical sciences universities in Iran about effective factors affecting their organizational retention. Methods Qualitative study using deep interviews collected by maximum variation sampling. A purposively selected sample of 15 faculty members was recruited throughout two Iranian medical sciences universities (Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Kerman University of Medical Sciences) during 2021-22. Results Qualitative data analysis provided 3 main categories and 10 sub-categories. Three main categories were identified that affected the faculty’s organizational retention included individual factors, institutional factors, and socio-political factors. Conclusion Factors that contribute to the improvement of faculty retention encompass various aspects. These include consideration given to the personal and social requirements of faculty members, support provided by the organization along with effective resource management, a fair and transparent organizational structure, and the maintenance of political stability both within the university and the nation.