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The objective of this study was to minimize the utilization of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of fungal infections in fish, as these agents can adversely impact human and animal health as well as the environment. Nile Tilapia was utilized in this study to assess the efficacy of incorporating garlic and cinnamon into their diet, aiming to enhance their immune systems and provide protection against Saprolegnia, a fungal pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in the fish farming industry. The findings indicated that the inclusion of garlic and cinnamon to the fish's diet enhanced their immune response and various blood parameters. Specifically, group 4, treated with 1.5% garlic, demonstrated superior outcomes compared to group 5, which received 2% garlic treatment. Additionally, group 6, subjected to 8.5% cinnamon treatment, exhibited superior hematological parameters when compared to group 7, which received 10% cinnamon treatment. Moreover, group 6 displayed the highest phagocytic activity in comparison to the remaining groups. In conclusion, garlic and cinnamon can serve as valuable immunostimulants for managing fungal infections in fish. Their inclusion in the diet enhances the immune response, consequently bolstering the fish's resistance to fungal infections.

Abstract The growing need for energy and the depletion of oil wells necessitate advanced Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques, particularly water and polymer flooding, which play a crucial role in augmenting hydrocarbon recovery rates. However, water flooding in high-permeability layers often leads to water breakthroughs, reduced sweep efficiency, and the formation of preferential channels, posing significant challenges to oil recovery and reservoir management. Conformance control treatments, including the use of polymer microspheres, offer a promising solution by sealing high-permeability zones and enhancing sweep efficiency. This study focuses on the application of fluorescent polymer microspheres based on polyacrylamide, which is extensively employed in the oil sector as an oil displacement agent. Fluorescent polymers called Poly 400, Poly 200, and Poly 600, incorporating cationic methacrylamide monomers, were synthesized through copolymerization to create amphiphilic polymers with enhanced stability and functionality. These fluorescent polymers were evaluated through flooding tests using a quarter-five-spot model of transparent quartz glass under UV light, allowing for instantaneous measurement and observation of fluorescence intensity. At reservoir conditions, the oil displacement experiments confirm that the incremental oil after water flooding by Poly 400, Poly 200, and Poly 600, is 13.1%, 9.1%, and 6.1% of OOIP respectively. The findings showed that fluorescent polymer microspheres could efficiently target high-permeability layers, adapt to varying pore throat sizes, and improve the plugging rate of high-permeability channels, thereby optimizing oil recovery. A subsequent simulation study using the CMG simulator provided further insights into the efficacy of these fluorescent polymers as EOR agents, revealing their potential to enhance sweep efficiency and enhance oil recovery. Simulation results showed that oil saturation decreased from 68% (initial) to 13.5%, 16.1%, and 18.3% after Poly 400, Poly 200, and Poly 600 flooding respectively. This work highlights the potential of fluorescent polymer microspheres as a valuable tool for EOR applications, offering significant advancements in reservoir management and oil recovery optimization.

High-strength steel plates are commonly employed in civil and military vehicles to provide ballistic protection against various threat levels. In this work, experimental tests involved shooting a 2 mm steel target (150×150 mm) with a Parabellum 9 × 19 full metal jacket projectiles moving at a ballistic velocity of 370 m/s. On the other hand, numerical work was conducted to simulate the same event using LS-DYNA, an explicit finite element code. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the capability of LS-DYNA software in simulating the effects of ballistic impact and analyzing the performance of steel plate armor. The numerical analysis demonstrated that all constitutive relations effectively predicted the qualitative behavior of the physical mechanisms during perforation. The influence of fracture criteria on numerical simulations of the perforation process was investigated. Detailed discussions were provided regarding the reasons behind these findings. For practical applications, the suitable selection of the type of constitutive model and criterion of fracture employing the finite element method (FEM) leads to an excellent agreement with the experimental results of projectile impacts on steel targets under the same conditions.

This study examines the corrosion inhibition of copper in aerated H2SO4 solution using 5-methyl, 5-phenyl, and 5-methyl-2-phenyl derivatives of 2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (Py) through electrochemical techniques, gravimetric method, SEM, DFT and Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that these compounds exhibited good inhibition efficiency, increasing in the order: Py II (84.9 %) < Py III (87.9 %) < Py I (90.1 %) at 10 mM. The pro¬tection efficiency improved with higher inhibitor concentration and decreased with rising temperature. Thermodynamic parameters for the inhibition process were calculated, with /delta)Hads0 values of -17.76±0.607, -15.8±0.101 and -16.24±0.118 kJ mol-1 for Py I, Py II and Py III, respectively, confirming the exothermic nature of adsorption. The adsorption fol¬lowed the Langmuir isotherm and occurred physically and spontaneously. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that PYs adsorbed in a parallel configuration, provide better cover¬age of the metal surface with high adsorption energy. SEM confirmed formation of a protective layer. Based on experimental and theoretical data, pyrazolone derivatives are recommended as corrosion inhibitors for copper in H2SO4 media.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of behavioral measures in managing TMDs with an emphasis on pain, joint mobility and psychosocial status. Methods: Forty-eight subjects with TMDs were enrolled based on the RDC/TMD criteria. Stress management, ergonomics training, dietary changes and stretching exercises were recommended as individualized lifestyle plans. The clinical, psychosocial and functional evaluations were done before and after three months of intervention. Results: The frequency of myofascial pain without limited mouth opening was 45. 8% which was reduced to 20. The percentage of subjects with right and left TMJ arthralgia was also seen to have reduced significantly (70. 8% to 43. 7%, p = 0. 0133; 75% to 41. 6%, p = 0. 001). Right TMJ osteoarthrosis and osteoarthritis showed a considerable improvement (p < 0. 05) while the changes in the left TMJ were not significant. Disc displacement with reduction on the right and without reduction on the left side was also found to have improved markedly (p = 0. 036; p = 0. 041). Depression severity was also found to have reduced significantly with the normal levels increasing from 45. 8% to 83. 3% (p < 0. 05). Pain intensity as measured by VAS also reduced from 4. 72 ± 1. 44 to 3. 43 ± 1. 38 (p = 0. 001). There was also an enhancement in the non-specific physical symptoms but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the implementation of lifestyle modifications helps in decreasing the symptoms of TMD, increases the joint function and has a positive effect on the psychosocial status of the patients and therefore should be considered as the first-line treatment in the management of TMD.

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is the main means of reducing NOX emissions. Urea injection structure parameters (i.e., the hole number in a nozzle, spray angle, the distance between the nozzle and the front section of the catalyst) and operating parameters (i.e., exhaust gas temperature, gas hourly space velocity, ammonia-to-nitrogen ratio (ANR)) of the SCR systems have a significant impact on denitrification efficiency (deNOX). A three-dimensional simulation model is developed to investigate the impact of diverse parameters on deNOX. The influence of temperature, ANR and space velocity on the deNOX of SCR system is studied by using the control variable method. The simulation model is modified according to the SCR catalyst gas distribution test results. A diesel bench experiment is conducted to test the deNOX of the SCR system of D2 cycle and two additional operating points to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation model. Based on this model, the influence of key factors on the deNOX of SCR system is studied. In SCR system, the optimal urea injection angle is about 75°, the optimal number of nozzle holes is 4, the distance between the optimal urea injection point and the front section of the catalyst is 8 times of the pipe diameter, and the optimal operating temperature is 300 ∼ 420℃. The influence trend of ANR on deNOX at different temperatures is obtained. This provides a theoretical support for the realization of SCR system in the future.

Abstract Despite recent advancements, artificial muscles have not yet been able to strike the right balance between exceptional mechanical properties and dexterous actuation abilities that are found in biological systems. Here, we present an artificial magnetic muscle that exhibits multiple remarkable mechanical properties and demonstrates comprehensive actuating performance, surpassing those of biological muscles. This artificial muscle utilizes a composite configuration, integrating a phase-change polymer and ferromagnetic particles, enabling active control over mechanical properties and complex actuating motions through remote laser heating and magnetic field manipulation. Consequently, the magnetic composite muscle can dynamically adjust its stiffness as needed, achieving a switching ratio exceeding 2.7 × 10³. This remarkable adaptability facilitates substantial load-bearing capacity, with specific load capacities of up to 1000 and 3690 for tensile and compressive stresses, respectively. Moreover, it demonstrates reversible extension, contraction, bending, and twisting, with stretchability exceeding 800%. We leverage these distinctive attributes to showcase the versatility of this composite muscle as a soft continuum robotic manipulator. It adeptly executes various programmable responses and performs complex tasks while minimizing mechanical vibrations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this composite muscle excels across multiple mechanical and actuation aspects compared to existing actuators.

Sensors are applied to many fields nowadays because of their high sensitivity, low cost, time-saving, user-friendly, and excellent selectivity. Current biomedical and pharmaceutical science has one focus on developing nanoparticle-based sensors, especially biopolymeric nanoparticles. Alginate is a widely used biopolymer in a variety of applications. The hydrogel-forming characteristic, the chemical structure with hydroxy and carboxylate moieties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and water solubility of alginate have expanded opportunities in material and biomedical sciences. Recently, research on alginate-based nanoparticles and their applications has begun. These materials are gaining popularity because of their wide usage potential in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Many review papers describe applications of alginate in the drug delivery field. The current study covers the structural and physicochemical properties of alginate-based nanoparticles. The prospective applications of alginate-based nanomaterials in various domains are discussed, including drug delivery and environmental sensing applications for humidity, heavy metals, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, biomedical sensing applications of alginate-based nanoparticles regarding various analytes such as glucose, cancer cells, pharmaceutical drugs, and human motion will also be reviewed in this paper. Future research scopes highlight existing challenges and solutions.

Background: Magnesium sulfate is one of the common adjuvants to general anesthetics. Limited number of clinical studies has been done to evaluate the Effect of adding magnesium sulfate to general anesthesia on Neutrophil to lymphocyte Ratio (NLR). Therefore, this study assessed these effects in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Objectives: This study mainly aims to evaluate the Effect of adding magnesium sulfate to general anesthetics on NLR and its relation to postoperative pain assessment using the VAS score. Patients and methods: The prospective randomized controlled, double-blind clinical trial involved 60 female patients (age 40-60 years) of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I- II who were scheduled for elective lower abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia and divided into two groups 30 patients in each group (group S and group M). In group (M), magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg in normal saline with a total volume of 100 ml as loading over 20 minutes given before induction of anesthesia followed by 10 mg/ kg/ hour till the end of the surgery, in group (S) 100 ml of 0.9% NaCl as loading over 20 minutes given before induction of anesthesia followed by 0.1 ml/kg/hour till the end of surgery. Blood samples were withdrawn for NLR calculation, and postoperative pain assessment was done using VAS Score. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in postoperative NLR in group (M) compared to group (S) at 4 and 8 h. with p-value =0.001. As regards pain assessment using VAS, there was a statistically significant decrease in group (M) compared to group (S) at baseline and 4 h. postoperatively with P value-0.001. Conclusion: Intravenous magnesium sulfate administered preoperatively in female patients over 40 years old undergoing lower abdominal hysterectomy at dosages of 50 mg/kg decreased postoperative N/L ratio and decreased postoperative pain.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of water magnetization technology from various locations in Basrah province on the productive and physiological performance of local ducks. A total of 105 one-day-old, unsexed local ducks were randomly distributed into seven treatments with three replicates per each (5 birds per replicate). The control treatment used reverse osmosis (RO) water. The treatments were: T1: tap water from Zubair city; T2: magnetized tap water from Zubair city; T3: tap water from Ashar City; T4: magnetized tap water from Ashar City; T5: tap water from Qurna city; T6: magnetized tap water from Qurna city. The results showed a significant improvement in overall body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio in both the second and control treatments. The second treatment also recorded the highest overall drinking water consumption. Additionally, higher values of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) were observed. The control treatment recorded a lower value of heterophils/ lymphocyte ratio (H/L) compared to other treatments. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were unaffected by variations in water treatments. The use of magnetic water treatment led to a decrease in the concentration of cholesterol, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes in the blood serum. Conversely, the use of magnetic water led to a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the glucose, total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations. In conclusion, the utilization of magnetic treatment in drinking water improved the productive and physiological performance of domestic ducks.

A novel membrane optical sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity was developed for detecting ultra-low concentrations of gallium (Ga3+) ions. This sensor utilized a newly synthesized compound, 4,4′-1,3-pHenylene bis(azanylyli-dene) bis(methanylylidene))bis(N,N-dimethylaniline) (PBABMBD), as its ionophore, combined with 9-(diethylamino)-5-(octadecanoylimino)-5H-benzo[a] phenoxazine (ETH-5294) as a chromoionophore within a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane matrix. The impact of various parameters on the fabrication of the optical sensor and its ability to detect Ga3+ ions was thoroughly examined and fine-tuned for optimization. Demonstrating a broad linear dynamic range from 6.25 × 10−9 to 3.75 × 10−6 M, the sensor boasts impressive detection and quantification limits of 1.75 and 6.00 × 10−9 M Ga3+ ions, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates a swift response time of just 3.0 min and can undergo multiple rejuvenations with 0.25 M HNO3 solutions. The study examined the impact of potential interfering ions on the detection of Ga3+ions. Fortunately, the results showed that the created optical sensor was very selective for Ga3+ ions and barely reacts with other anions and cations, especially indium (III). Furthermore, the sensor proved effective in accurately detecting Ga3+ ions across a range of samples, including food, alloys, water, and biological specimens.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of caries in the first permanent molars of children aged 8 to 10 years in Najaf, Iraq. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey involving 1232 children aged 8 to 10 years in schools in Najaf, Iraq. Caries was assessed using the DMFT index and caries severity of permanent teeth was assessed using the PUFA index. Results: The prevalence of caries in the first permanent molars was 56.1% (n=691). The caries severity of the first permanent molars (PUFA index) was 38.7%, meaning that the children have more severe caries in the first permanent molars. Conclusion: Caries prevalence and severity increased with age and was high in first permanent molars.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the periodontal status and treatment needs of undergraduate dental students at Al-Kufa University in Iraq and investigated the influence of demographic factors (age and gender) and oral hygiene practices (tooth brushing technique, frequency of brushing, use of interdental aids, dental visit patterns) on periodontal health. Materials and Methods: A sample of 200 undergraduate dental students (aged 18-24 years) was selected using a multistage systematic random sampling procedure during the 2023-2024 academic year. Periodontal health was assessed using the World Health Organization Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN). The CPITN probe was used to evaluate bleeding on probing, presence of calculus, plaque retentive factors, and pocket depths (4, 5, and 6 mm). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, and the Pearson’s chi-square test was used to assess associations, with a p-value ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of periodontal disease (86.5%) among the students. Calculus was the most frequent finding (65.5%), while only 13.5% of students exhibited a healthy periodontium. The majority (69%) required scaling and root planning (TN2). Female students exhibited significantly healthier periodontia compared to males (p

Phosphorus (P) is considered as an essential element in crop production. Besides, the study of P from the elemental and bio sources impacts on productivity and quality of orange trees could emphasize its utilization importance. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical implication of three treatments of P fertilization (Triple phosphate (TP; 620 and 900 g/tree/year), phosphate rock (PR; 1820 and 2742 g/tree/year) and 1:1 TP:PR on Valencia orange trees (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeckunder). Where, all these treatments were equipped with bio-phosphorus fertilizer (phosphorin) (0 and 5 g/tree/year added twice in the year, Feb. and Jun.). The measurements included leaves nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), number of fruits (NoF), juice weight/volume, total soluble solids (T.S.S.), vitamin C (V.C), and acidity. The results showed that the treatment (50 % TP +50 % PR at 450 + 1371g/tree/year + phosphourin at 5g/tree/year) gave the highest values for all characters i.e. N % in tree leaves 2.61 and 2.69 %, P% in tree leaves 0.16 and 0.17 %, K in tree leaves 1.79 and 1.86 %, number of fruits/tree 412.0 and 420.0, fruit weight 267.0 and 280.0g, fruit weight/tree 110.0 and 117.60 kg, fruit size 260.41 and 272.37 cm3, juice weight 114.1 and 126.15g, fruit juice 44.33 and 44.99 %, juice volume 110.15 and 114.90 cm3, peel thickness 0.58 and 0.60 cm, T.S.S. 12.14 and 12.21 %, T.S.S./Acid ratio 9.07 and 9.41, and V.C 70.15 and 72.44 (mg/100 ml) as well as the lowest total acidity 0.93 and 0.91 %, under both the 1st season and the 2nd one, respectively. In conclusions, as the application of bio-fertilization has improved the quality charcatistics over seasons. Thus, this study opens the way towards the advanced application of bio-P element to understand the biogeochemical cycles, dynamics and function of natural ecosystems elements in agricultural and food security program.

An innovative and exceptionally responsive optical sensing device engineered to selectively identify Bi(III) ions in water-based solutions. The sensing component, 5-(2′,4′-dimethylphenylazo)-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-dione (DMPAHPD), is incorporated into a plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane. The sensor demonstrates an exceptional selectivity for Bi(III) within a broad dynamic range spanning from 7.5 × 10−10 to 4.2 × 10−5 M at pH 2.25. Notably, it achieves lower quantification and detection limits of 7.25 × 10−10 and 2.15 × 10−10 M, respectively. The optode membrane’s response to Bi(III) proves to be entirely reversible, demonstrating remarkable selectivity for Bi(III) ions over a diverse range of other cations and anions. The sensor exhibits favorable performance characteristics, including good reversibility, a wide dynamic range, a prolonged lifespan, sustained response stability over the long term, and high reproducibility. This visual chemical sensor exhibits potential for real-world usage, offering consistent outcomes when assessing Bi(III) levels in matrices such as water, soil, plants, biological and synthetic mixtures. Importantly, the sensor’s performance is comparable to corresponding data achieved from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).

The co-pyrolysis process between biomass and solid waste especially plastics has attracted significant attention in research studies as a means to enhance both the quantity and quality of bio-oil derived from biomass decomposition. In this research paper, the PS/SD co-pyrolysis was carried out for six different concentrations ranging from 0% to 100%, with increments of 20% PS, inside a small laboratory reactor at 450 C and a heating rate (HR) of 20.5 oC min-1. Results showed that an increase in the proportion of PS in the blend resulted in a higher bio-oil outcome. The highest bio-oil yield was recorded at the 80PSSD blend, indicating that co-pyrolysis had a positive effect on oil production in all mixtures. The most significant positive impact was observed at the 20PSSD blend, reaching [+11.54]. Conversely, gas production showed a negative effect, with gas quantities lower than expected for all mixtures, and the most significant negative impact was at 20PSSD, with a decrease of [-11.8]. As for char outcome, there was a minimal increase in its quantity, with the highest positive impact of charcoal observed at 80PSSD, reaching [+3.44]. Consequently, it can be observed that the quantity of char produced is not significantly affected by the co-blending process.

This experiment was conducted to estimate the main effect of adding Data palm pollen (DPP) and the form of diet on the productive performance of female quail compliant with: Hen day egg production (HD), Egg weight (EW), Egg mass (EM), Feed intake (FI) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and eggs quality of quail compliant with: Shape index (ShI %), shell weight (%), yolk weight (%), albumen weight (%), Yolk index (YI%), Albumen Index (AI%) and Hough unit (HU). For eight weeks, from February 14 to April 13, 2023. Two hindered fifty-two female quail with age about forty-seven days were divided into six treatments, each including forty-two birds with three replicates (four ten quail of each). The treatments were T1: 0% DPP with mash feed form, T2: 0% DPP with pellet feed form, T3: 0.5% DPP with mash feed form, T4: 0.5% DPP with pellet feed form, T5: 1% DPP with mash feed form and T6: 1% DPP with pellet feed form. The quail were fed a productive diet with 2794 kcal/kg energy and 18.39% crude protein, and similar rearing conditions. Results showed there were significant effects in the percentage of HD, EW., EM, and (FCR) in treatments with DPP and pellet feed form when compared with the other treatments, as well as an improvement in egg quality in treatments with DPP and pellet feed form when compared with the other treatments.

Background and Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of clinical and asymptomatic mastitis in dairy cattle, as well as in milk and dairy products that affect milk quality. Mastitis caused by K. pneumoniae is even more serious due to its poor response to antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to detect and identify the presence of K. pneumoniae in milk and dairy products produced in Libya. Materials and Methods: A total of 234 samples were randomly collected from various locations in Libya. Samples were examined for the presence of K. pneumoniae using conventional cultural techniques, including cultivation in violet red bile agar plus 4-methylumbelliferyl-ß-D-glucuronide broth and CHROM agar, followed by polymerase chain reaction identification and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA. Results: Of the 234 samples of milk and dairy products collected, 16 (6.8%) isolates revealed mucoid colonies on agar media that were phenotypically suggested to be K. pneumoniae. Identification of isolates was confirmed using molecular techniques (16S rRNA). Among the examined samples, K. pneumoniae was recovered from camel’s milk, raw cow’s milk, raw fermented milk, Maasora cheese, Ricotta cheese, soft cheese, full cream milk powder, milk powder infant formula, cereal baby food, and growing-up formula. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on 12 of the 16 K. pneumoniae isolates, and the results showed that K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to more than eight antibiotics; interestingly, two isolates showed metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production. Conclusion: K. pneumoniae is considered a risk to human health because many of these products do not comply with the microbiological criteria of international and/or Libyan standards. This study emphasized the relationship between K. pneumoniae and raw milk, cheese, milk powder, and infant milk retailed in Libya. There is a need to take the necessary measures to ensure effective hygiene practices during production in dairy factories, handling, and distribution on the market, in particular at a small local production scale.

The important feature of the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique is to identify an ideal solution and aggregate collective cognitive fuzzy information of human opinion. To serve this purpose, we explore the concepts of the bipolar complex fuzzy set with positive and negative support terms. A few applications of the Hamy mean (HM) and Dual Hamy mean (DHM) models are also discussed to find out the relationship among input arguments or different preferences. For this, we derive a family of mathematical approaches by incorporating the theory of bipolar complex fuzzy information such as bipolar complex fuzzy Hamy mean (BCFHM), bipolar complex fuzzy weighted Hamy mean (BCFWHM), bipolar complex fuzzy Dual Hamy mean (BCFDHM), and bipolar complex fuzzy weighted Dual Hamy mean (BCFWDHM) operators. Derived mathematical approaches are more applicable and can express the influence of uncertain information due to the involvement of additional parameter values. Based on diagnosed research work and mathematical methodologies, we establish a decision algorithm for the MADM problem to resolve real-life dilemmas. An experimental case study demonstrates the compatibility of derived approaches and evaluates the investment policy's sustainability based on certain parameters. The advantages and consistency of the proposed research work are verified in the comparative study with various existing aggregation operators.

In this paper, two heated blocks and three flexible baffles that are alternately placed on the upper and bottom sides of a rectangular channel are used to replicate the transient heat and air movement. The novelty of this research is the use of flexible baffles to destruct the thermal boundary layer with maintaining little pressure drop, and thus reducing the required pumping capacity. The finite thickness blocks are subject to a constant heat flux, while the baffles are very thin and deforms depending on the strength of the flow of coolant (air). Finite element method with arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach is used for solving such deforming domain problem. The problem is inspected transiently by varying the dimensionless time (τ=0.0 to 10) and two salient parameters which are Reynolds number Re=10−500, and baffle elasticity parameter E=105−108. Results show that the flexibility feature of the baffles contributes not only in directing the coolant towards the hot blocks, but also contributes in reducing the skin friction and pressure drop through the channel. At Re=150, the skin friction and pressure drop of the flexible baffles are 13.2% and 16.5%, respectively lesser than the rigid baffles. The improvement of Nusselt number with flexibility parameter is marginal and within a limited low Reynolds number, where the maximal improvement is about 3.4% at Re=150.

Background: Recent years have seen an unusually large number of patients undergoing posterior spine operations. Studies have recorded blood loss between 1 and 3 liters for posterior spine procedures. Drugs used to control hypertension must meet a set of criteria that include being easy to administer and its effect quickly disappears when administration is ceased. Also have a rapid elimination without toxic metabolites and minimal influence on vital organs and have predictable dose-dependent effects. Objectives: The aim of this study is comparing the effect of magnesium sulphate and Dexmedetomidine during spine surgeries in decreasing the surgical bleeding and controlling blood pressure. Patients and methods: There were sixty participants in this randomised prospective research of spine surgery patients. Thirty patients were assigned to Group M, which was given magnesium sulphate. While thirty patients were assigned to Group D, where they were given dexmedetomidine. Results: Both groups had comparable surgical data, except for the duration of operation, which was significantly shorter in group D (1.92±0.27) than in group M (2.20±0.19) p-value

Abstract We report an innovative and facile approach to fabricating an ultrasensitive plasmonic paper substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The approach exploits the self-assembling capability of poly(styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine) block copolymers to form a thin film at the air-liquid interface within the single microdroplet scale for the first time and the subsequent in situ growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The concentration of the block copolymer was found to play an essential role in stabilizing the droplets during the mass transfer phase and formation of silver nanoparticles, thus influencing the SERS signals. SEM analysis of the morphology of the plasmonic paper substrates revealed the formation of spherical AgNPs evenly distributed across the surface of the formed copolymer film with a size distribution of 47.5 nm. The resultant enhancement factor was calculated to be 1.2 × 107, and the detection limit of rhodamine 6G was as low as 48.9 pM. The nanohybridized plasmonic paper was successfully applied to detect two emerging pollutants—sildenafil and flibanserin—with LODs as low as 1.48 nM and 3.45 nM, respectively. Thus, this study offers new prospects for designing an affordable and readily available, yet highly sensitive, paper-based SERS substrate with the potential for development as a lab-on-a-chip device.

Background: Food poisoning caused by bacterial agents is a worldwide problem, usually accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and may be sever leading to death. Natural compounds from marine algae namely flavonoids may play a role in the remedy of this condition. Aim: This research aims to assess the potency of flavonoids extracted from Enteromorpha intestinalis and Caulerpa prolifera as antibacterial agents. Methods: E. intestinalis was collected from Western Libyan Coast and C. prolifera was collected from Farwa Island. The antimicrobial activity and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of algal flavonoid containing extracts was performed in vitro against some positive and negative Gram bacteria. Results: Crude extract containing flavonoids from E. intestinalis were more effective than C. prolifera extract against Staphylococcus aureus with antimicrobial essay (25-28+1 and 14.5-37.5+0.5-1.5), MIC (50 and 50-250 µg/mL), MBC (75 and 75-250 µg/mL). In Bacillus cereus, the antimicrobial assay (19-24.5+0.5-1.5: 24+1), MIC (50-250 + 100 µg/mL) and MBC (250 and 125 µg/mL). On the other hand, flavonoids containing extract from C. prolifera were more effective than E. intestinalis against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 EHEC O157 (25-28+1: 14-18.5+0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250:100-500 µg/mL) and MBC (150-250 and 250-500 µg/mL). Salmonella enterica qualitatively combat by flavonoid from E. intestinalis (13.5-14+0.5-1: 10.5-13.5+0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250: 250 µg/mL) and MBC (100-250: 250 µg/mL). Flavonoids from C. prolifera (4 strains: 2 strains) were effective against S. enterica. Crude flavonoids from both algae were not effective against Bacillus pumilus. Conclusion: Data from this study could conclude that flavonoid extracts from E. intestinalis and C. prolifera could be used against foodborne bacterial agents. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(3.000): 769-778]

Estimating and analyzing traffic patterns become essential in managing Quality of Service (QoS) metrics while assessing internet data traffic in cellular networks. Cellular network planners frequently apply various approaches to predict network traffic. However, most existing studies focus on using the available local data to jointly build prediction models, facing data security challenges and time complexity, especially with multi-dimensional datasets. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework to handle traffic prediction with the considerable potential of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. An Adaptive Machine Learning-based Cellular Traffic Prediction (AML-CTP) framework is presented to select a suitable ML algorithm for multi-dimensional datasets. Its objective is to streamline and speed up the selection of an appropriate model for predicting network traffic load. The framework employs two density-based clustering algorithms to categorize similar nearby traffic into various clusters, considering data similarity and convergence. Additionally, it assesses data quality and homogeneity by training models with data samples from each cluster to accurately determine the most suitable machine learning model. The optimal model is selected from four supervised predicting algorithms, reducing training time and hardware complexity. Two case studies from a popular telecommunication equipment corporation in Egypt are implemented using real-life cellular traffic with multi-dimensional features. The case studies show that the framework can help reduce the computational cost of training the model and reduce the risk of overfitting. The experimental results show that selecting the best prediction model training could save up to 85% of computational time compared to two state-of-the-art techniques while achieving an accuracy of 98.8%.

ABSTRACTRecently, nanoparticles have attracted attention as a preventive tool for certain infectious diseases affecting fish in aquaculture. Furthermore, freshwater fishes are frequently vulnerable to summer mass morality caused by Aeromonas bacteria. In this regard, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of chitosan (CNPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles against Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila. CNPs and AgNPs were prepared at a mean particle size of 9.03 and 12.8 nm and a charge equalled+36.4 and −19.3 mV for CNPs and AgNPs, respectively. A. hydrophila subsp. hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas punctata were retrieved and identified by traditional and molecular techniques. The sensitivity of the obtained bacteria to eight different antibiotic discs was also tested. The antibiotic sensitivity studies revealed the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Aeromonas species (spp.). The bacterium that showed the highest multidrug resistance against the tested antibiotic discs was Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila. Therefore, CNPs and AgNPs were in vitro tested against the isolated bacterium and exhibited inhibition zones of 15 and 25 mm, respectively. TEM images also showed that CNPs and AgNPs had an antagonistic action against the same bacterium causing loss of architecture and bacterial death.

Land suitability assessment is essential for planned land management strategies aimed at preserving soil and increasing productivity while ensuring sustainable agricultural production. Land degradation resulting from poor land management and fallowing practices typically leads to low land productivity in Iraq. To maintain agricultural productivity in the targeted area, agricultural requirements must align with available resources through land suitability analysis. In the northern region of Basrah Governorate in Iraq, the study focused on integrating GIS-based land suitability analysis with the fuzzy-analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP) approach. The analysis revealed varying suitability categories throughout the study area, with the largest proportion of unsuitable areas found in category N2, covering 31,202.36 hectares (37.76%), and category N1, currently unsuitable, covering an area of 19,956.24 hectares (24.15%). On the other hand, the moderately suitable category (S3) covered 8,297.26 hectares (10.04%), while the moderately suitable category (S2) covered 23,177.79 hectares (28.05%) of the total study area. No highly suitable lands were identified. The key determining factors for the suitability of lands for wheat cultivation were high values of electrical conductivity, carbonate minerals, bulk density, and low organic carbon content. Most agricultural lands are being used in a manner that contradicts their suitable potentials in the study area. Therefore, the pattern of agricultural land use needs to be adjusted based on their current potentials to reduce soil degradation.

The Libyan Government decided to build 1,500 schools in the reconstruction plan. Libyan Construction Industry (LCI) suffers from projects’ poor value. So, effective management of resources is crucial. LCI should adopt cost-optimizing tools. This study applied value engineering (VE) to School Model 15 at Al-Khums City to maximize the utilization of the available budget. The saving of the significant items ranged between 20% and 30% leading to cost reduction in the overall project. The study concluded that Educational Facilities Authority (EFA) could save about 30% of the assigned funds. This result encourages the EFA to create a VE department in its organization.

Background. Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to reduced insulin production in the pancreas. It has genetic- and family-related risk factors that cannot be changed, along with modifiable lifestyle factors. The precise genetic causes of type 2 diabetes are still unknown. However, individuals can potentially slow or stop the progression of the condition by making dietary adjustments and increasing physical activity levels. Material and Methods. Forty-five type II diabetic patients in the study included participants between 40 and 60 years old, with a minimum duration of one year, as well as 45 healthy control subjects who were matched in terms of age and sex, and had no underlying systemic diseases. Oral examination is done for the symptoms including burning sensation, candidiasis, and a reduction in the production of saliva. The rate of saliva flow (in milliliters per minute) was measured in samples of saliva that were not stimulated. The salivary trace elements and levels of adipocytokines were evaluated using colorimetric and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (ELISA) testing. The quantification of Candida colony numbers, an enrichment and culture approach, was used to achieve a concentration of 100,000 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml). The ShowNovo WG1 halimeter was used to measure volatile sulfur compounds in breath. The salivary glucose oxidase assay was conducted using a colorimetric technique, while the determination of trace elements was also performed using a colorimetric assay method. Result. The diabetic group exhibited a significant increase in the number of Candida spp colonies due to elevated levels of glucose in the saliva (p>0.05). However, the variables being examined, such as body mass index (BMI), burning mouth syndrome (BMS), salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary leptin, salivary copper, and salivary magnesium, did not exhibit any significant variations in quantities between the diabetic and healthy groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. The data collected in this research aid in the creation of a preventative program for oral fungal infections in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The program utilizes saliva and its constituents.

This research was carried out to investigate the extraction of a protein concentrate from the viscera of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. to use as a partial substitute for fish meal in the diets of young common carp and to test its effect on growth indices and feeding efficiency. Two methods were adopted to extract the protein concentrate; physical method and chemical. Proximate composition of raw fish wastes, fish protein concentrates and different experimental feeds were analysed and several parameters of fish feeding and growth efficiency of cultured fish were studied. Fish were fed with a formulated diet for 60 days. The protein concentrate extracted by physical method was selected to prepare experimental diets for its higher yield. Four diets with substitution ratios of 0, 25%, 50% and 75% of fish meal were prepared. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the experimental feeds as to total weight gain rates, specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV). The study concluded the possibility of partial replacement of fish meal up to 50% in the diets of young common carp without any significant deleterious influence on feeding and growth indices or noticeable adverse effect on cultured fish.

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic debilitating disease especially in pediatric population. Most of reported studies for corpus callosotomy as a palliative surgery in drug-resistant cases are on limited number of cases and there is scarcity in literature for outcomes reported from developing countries. Here, we present our study on a large series of cases with analysis of potential predicators outcomes in the era of more expensive devices like vagal nerve stimulation to give a litany on a universal epilepsy surgery procedure which had been missed in the literature through the last decade. Results An observational retrospective study was done reviewing 129 patients with PEE underwent open microscopic corpus callosotomy. Total and drop attack seizure outcomes were studied after surgery. Potential outcomes predictors studied are: preoperative EEG and MRI. Preoperative IQ impairment epilepsy duration, age at diagnosis, MRI finding, IQ score, EEG findings, history of infantile spasm and extent of callosotomy done. All the recorded outcomes were substantially improved after callosotomy in our study population of 129 pediatric patients. The median (IQR) preoperative drop attack frequency was 70 (21–140) which decreased to 3 (0–14) postoperatively. Similarly, the number of anti-epileptics used by patients had a median of 3 (2–4) which decreased to 2 (2–3) after the surgery. All patients were experiencing status epilepticus which disappeared in 72% of the patients after callosotomy. Preoperative normal MRI was a predictor for drop attack favorable outcome and mild preoperative impairment of IQ was a predictor of favorable total seizure and drop attack outcome. Conclusions Corpus callosotomy is a well-tolerated palliative procedure for drug-resistant generalized epilepsy notably, drop attacks which had its notorious effect on quality of life of pediatric patients and their families, no appreciable prognostic factors for favorable outcome were clearly observed except for normal preoperative MRI, mild preoperative IQ affection, and complete callosotomy.

Background: Cronobacter species is the most significant foodborne pathogens in infant milk formula (IMF). These pathogens have been incriminated in sever form of neonatal meningitis, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis with high mortality rate. Aim: The current study was performed to demonstrate the effect of heat stress on Cronobacter spp. (C. sakazakii and C. pulveris) in reconstituted IMF (RIMF). Methods: The reconstituted formula was inoculated with five C. sakazakii isolates and four C. pulveris isolates separately. The nine isolates of Cronobacter spp. were heated in RIMF at 48, 52, 56, 60, 64 and 66°C. The D- and z-values were determined by using linear regression analysis. Results: The D˗values of all isolates of C. sakazakii (CS1, CS3, CS4, CS5 and CS6) at 48°C, 52°C, 56°C, 60°C, 64°C, 66°C ranged from 7.29 ˗ 23.47, 2.77˗15.50, 0.62˗1.04, 0.62˗1.02, 0.62˗1.00, 0.62˗1.00 min, respectively, while the z˗ values extended from 2.50˗4.28°C. The D˗ values of C. pulveris isolates (CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4) ranged from 7.60 ˗ 22.32, 1.42 ˗ 8.45, 0.62 ˗ 1.08, 0.62 ˗ 0.78, 0.62 ˗ 0.78, 0.62 ˗ 0.79 min. at 48°C, 52°C, 56°C, 60°C, 64°C, 66°C, respectively and the calculated z-values ranged from 3.33 ˗ 4.89°C. Conclusion: This study may contribute to improve the understanding of behavior of C. sakazakii and C. pulveris isolates in RIMF at various heat stress temperature and may participate in effective control of this pathogens in infant's foods production. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(1.000): 108-113]

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are periodically collecting data through randomly dispersed sensors (motes), which typically consume high energy in radio communication that mainly leans on data transmission within the network. Furthermore, dissemination mode in WSN usually produces noisy values, incorrect measurements or missing information that affect the behaviour of WSN. In this article, a Distributed Data Predictive Model (DDPM) was proposed to extend the network lifetime by decreasing the consumption in the energy of sensor nodes. It was built upon a distributive clustering model for predicting dissemination-faults in WSN. The proposed model was developed using Recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive filter integrated with a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter, for removing unwanted reflections and noise accompanying of the transferred signals among the sensors, aiming to minimize the size of transferred data for providing energy efficient. The experimental results demonstrated that DDPM reduced the rate of data transmission to ∼20%. Also, it decreased the energy consumption to 95% throughout the dataset sample and upgraded the performance of the sensory network by about 19.5%. Thus, it prolonged the lifetime of the network.

In this study, the previous data of the adsorption of Chromium (VI) ions on the pomegranate peels (MPGP) as adsorbents were used. linear and non-linear equations for Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Tempkin, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, and Toth adsorption isotherm models were applied. The five error functions ERRSQ, HYBRD, MPSD, ARE, and EABS were analyzed for non-linear isotherm equations and in each case a set of isotherm parameters were determined. The algorithms for the simulation of linear and non-linear isotherm models using error functions were achieved with the aid of Microsoft Excel solver Add-Ins for minimizing the respective error function across the concentration range studied. Linear and non-linear methods show comparable data for two-parameter models, also high R2 values were obtained for Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models while the Dubinin-Radushkevich model reveals low R2 values, on the contrary, three-parameter models show different data between linear and non-linear methods with high R2 value for all. Which indicates that the error does not obey the Gaussian distribution.

This study employs machine learning (ML) techniques to predict pedestrian compliance at crosswalks in urban settings in Jordan, aiming to enhance pedestrian safety and traffic management. Utilizing data from 2437 pedestrians at signalized intersections in Amman, Irbid, and Zarqa, four models based on different ML algorithms were developed: an artificial neural network (ANN), a support vector machine (SVM), a decision tree (ID3), and a random forest (RF). The results have shown that local infrastructure and traffic conditions influence pedestrian behavior. The RF model, with its excellent accuracy and precision, has proven to be an excellent choice for accurately predicting pedestrian behavior. This research provides valuable insights into the demographic and spatial aspects that influence pedestrian compliance with laws and regulations in the local environment. Additionally, this work highlights the ability of ML algorithms to improve urban traffic dynamics. Policymakers and urban planners, particularly with the rise of theories and trends toward the humanization of urban roads, should firmly establish this understanding among themselves to create environments that make pedestrians safer. This strategy could be a measurable solution for international urban situations if future research focuses on integrating these prediction models with real-time traffic management systems to improve pedestrian safety dynamically.

Pb1−4.75xNd0.5xNi4xZrO3 (where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) nanocrystals were synthesized through the micro-emulsion, a wet chemical route. The prepared samples were annealed at 700°C for 3 h. Nanocrystalline samples were characterized by various techniques like XRD (X-rays diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), dielectric properties, and dc-electrical resistivity. XRD analysis of synthesized nanocrystals confirmed the phase development of orthorhombic perovskite structure. The average measured size of nanocrystals was about 21 nm. Some other parameters like densities (bulk and X-rays) and porosity of the nanomaterials were also calculated from obtained XRD data. The obtained results showed the effect of dopant materials (Nd3+ and Ni2+ metal ions) incorporation. The FTIR spectra elucidated the intrinsic cations vibrations in the characteristic perovskite orthorhombic structure. The SEM results revealed that nano-grains were synthesized successfully and their average observed size was 60 nm. It was observed that with the addition of dopant material, the dielectric parameters like dielectric constant, loss factor, and conductivity were showed an overall decreasing trend. The average calculated value of the ac conductivity at the frequency of 3 GHz was observed as 1.45 × 10−2 (Ω-cm)−1. By using the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, the dc-electrical resistivity was calculated in the range between 2.68 × 1010 and 4.82 × 1010 Ω-cm. The dc-electrical resistivity was increased with the increase of doping contents.

In this paper, wet-chemically synthesized hierarchical NiO microspheres and their exfoliated (ExC)-based nanocomposites (NiO/ExC) as electrodes for supercapacitor applications have been reported. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the as-synthesized products. The study of PXRD revealed that NiO exhibits a cubic phase. Morphological analysis showed a hierarchical micro-spherical structure of mesoporous NiO particles. The as-synthesized hierarchically porous NiO manifested a specific capacitance of 331 F/g with 50% capacitance retention. But, exfoliated carbon (ExC)-based nanocomposite (0.07 g NiO/0.003 g ExC) showed a particular capacitance of 815 F/g at the scan rate of 5 mV/s, with 79% retention in capacitance. High electrical conductivity and larger surface area arising from synergistic effects between NiO and exfoliated carbon resulted in a tremendous electrochemical response of NiO/ExC nanocomposites. The inclusion of the ExC further improves electrical impedance spectroscopic results by facilitating the charge transfer.

The research aims to study the most important problems faced by agricultural production (plant) in the district of Fallujah for the year 2021, in addition to presenting the most important factors that led to the occurrence of problems and highlighting them and trying to reduce their effects in order to achieve the optimal use of agricultural lands in the study area. Keywords: Fallujah district, agricultural (plant) production, problems it faces..

This work presents an analytical study of the parametric instability of cylindrical panels containing functionally graded porous exposed to static and dynamic periodic axial loads under simply supported boundary conditions. Based on Hamilton’s principle, the governing equation of motion by using first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) has been obtained. By applying the Galerkin technique, an excitation frequency expression is derived, which helps identify areas of instability of functionally graded porous cylindrical panels. Numerical simulations are used to validate the analytical results. Eventually, the impacts of the porosity coefficient, porosity distribution method, static and dynamic periodic axial loads, panel angle, circumferential wave number, and cylindrical panel characteristics on the region of instability are displayed in the section of results and discussions. The findings show that when the porosity is further from the surface, the more stable the structure is. Furthermore, a small angle of the cylindrical panels gives a better dynamic response than a large angle. In addition, increased static and dynamic loads lead to an expansion of areas of instability.

The current work emphasized understanding the liver functions while having pre-clinical or clinical fascioliasis accurately detect the disease phase from cows in Al-Diwaniyah City, Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. The experimental design included the use of 30 cows in Al-Diwaniayh province divided into ten clinically healthy cows (control group), ten acutely infected cows with no apparent clinical signs (pre-clinical group), and ten chronically infected cows with observed clinical signs (clinical group), such as yellowish discoloration of the mucus membranes. Blood samples were collected from each cow for performing the following tests: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum levels of pyruvate, lactate, and Cholesterol. The results showed that all the enzymes from the pre-clinical group were significantly (P0.05) difference between the pre-and clinical groups. A significant (P0.05) difference between the pre-and clinical groups. No significant (P>0.05) differences were recorded between all study groups at serum pyruvate and lactate levels. The present study reveals that the fascioliasis, dependent on the infestation phase, can progressively change the serum levels of the parameters mentioned above and may feasibly be used together as indicators for the accurate detection of the disease stage.

Background and Aim: Foodborne illnesses are a serious challenge to human health and the economic sector. For example, salmonellosis remains a burden in developed and developing nations. Rapid and reliable molecular methods to identify Salmonella strains are essential for minimizing human infection. This study aimed to identify Salmonella spp. in raw milk and dairy products using conventional and molecular techniques and to test the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated strains. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-one milk and dairy product samples were randomly collected from different localities in Libya. Samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella by conventional culture techniques, including cultivation in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and streaking on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. Identification also used polymerase chain reaction and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. Twenty-four antibiotics were used for the examination of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates with the agar disk diffusion method (Kirby–Bauer technique). Multi-antibiotic resistance index and antibiotic resistance index (ARI)for Salmonella enterica isolates were calculated. Results: Twenty-one of 131 samples (16%) were positive for Salmonella spp. recovered from 9 (16%), 2 (11%), 4 (22.2%), and 6 (46%) samples of raw cow milk, fermented raw milk, and fresh locally made soft cheeses, Maasora and Ricotta), respectively. Samples of ice cream, milk powder, and infant formula showed no Salmonella spp. contamination. Only 9 of 21 (42.8%) isolates were confirmed as S. enterica by partial sequence 16S rDNA analysis. All isolates were resistant to amoxycillin, bacitracin, penicillin G, lincomycin, vancomycin, clindamycin, and cloxacillin with an ARI of 0.042. In contrast, all tested strains were sensitive to levofloxacin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. In addition, all of the tested isolates (100%) were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the applicability of molecular techniques, compared with conventional methods, as preferable for the identification of Salmonella in milk and dairy products and thus reduction of milk-borne transmission to the consumers. From the view of public health, isolation and identification of Salmonella multidrug-resistant strains from raw cow's milk and locally prepared dairy products sold in the Libyan markets indicate the need to improve the handling and processing of milk and dairy products to minimize the prevalence of Salmonella, one of the most important foodborne microorganisms that cause food poisoning.

Abstract With the innovation of microelectronics technology, the heat dissipation problem inside the device will face a severe test. In this work, cellulose aerogel (CA) with highly enhanced thermal conductivity (TC) in vertical planes was successfully obtained by constructing a vertically aligned silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NWs)/boron nitride (BN) network via the ice template-assisted strategy. The unique network structure of SiC NWs connected to BN ensures that the TC of the composite in the vertical direction reaches 2.21 W m−1 K−1 at a low hybrid filler loading of 16.69 wt%, which was increased by 890% compared to pure epoxy (EP). In addition, relying on unique porous network structure of CA, EP-based composite also showed higher TC than other comparative samples in the horizontal direction. Meanwhile, the composite exhibits good electrically insulating with a volume electrical resistivity about 2.35 × 1011 Ω cm and displays excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of − 21.5 dB and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (

Abstract Perennial biofuel and cover crops systems are important for enhancing soil health and can provide numerous soil, agricultural, and environmental benefits. The study objective was to investigate the effects of cover crops and biofuel crops on soil hydraulic properties relative to traditional management for claypan soils. The study site included selected management practices: cover crop (CC) and no cover crop (NC) with corn/soybean rotation, switchgrass (SW), and miscanthus (MI). The CC mixture consisted of cereal rye, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea. The research site was located at Bradford Research Center in Missouri, USA, and was implemented on a Mexico silt loam. Intact soil cores (76‐mm diam. by 76‐mm long) were taken from the 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm depths with three plot replicates and two sub‐samples per plot replicate per depth. Soil hydraulic properties evaluated for each sample included: saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), water retention, bulk density, and pore size distributions. Results showed with the test of Duncan's least significant differences that treatments of MI (1.18 Mg m−3) and SW (1.21 Mg m−3) had lower values of bulk density averaging across soil depth than CC (1.27 Mg m−3) and NC (1.31 Mg m−3). Management systems significantly increased Ksat with the biofuel treatments at 0–10 cm compared to NC system. The MI management showed a significant increase in macroporosity and fine mesoporosity as compared to other management systems. Slight changes have occurred in the measured soil physical properties for CC system compared to NC plots. Overall, increasing soil organic matter from more plant roots from long‐term biofuel cropping systems can improve soil water storage and crop productivity.

Objectives: In this study, a new optical chemical sensor to assess molybdenum ion by incorporation of 1-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid (BTAHN), dibutylphthalate (DBP) and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) to the plasticized poly vinyl chloride (PVC) matrices were prepared. Methods: When DBP was added to the membrane, the ionophore's tendency to act as a chromoionophore was greatly increased. Great stability, reproducibility, extended life time, and respectable selectivity for Mo6+ ion assessment throughout a wide number of transition, lanthanides, and heavy metals were all advantages of the accomplished sensor. Results: At optimum compositions and investigational circumstances, the sensor response was linear cross range of 8.5 × 10−8 to 4.4 × 10−5 mol/L. Sensor detection and quantification limits realistic on the definition that the sample amount results in a signal equal to the blank signal plus three and ten times of its standard deviation were establish to be 2.5 × 10−8 and 8.3 × 10−8 mol/L. The sensor reaction time (characterized as the time it required for the absorbance value to reach 95 %) was 3.0–5.0 min. Conclusions: The achieved optical sensor was successfully applied to assess Mo6+ ion content in water, food, plant, and environmental samples.

In many applications, selecting the optimal features is a difficult task. Numerous In optimization problems, e.g., feature selection (FS) problem, have been solved using optimization algorithms. In this paper, the most discriminating features were chosen using a new chaotic gradient-based optimizer (CGBO) that combines chaotic maps with searching iterations of the gradient-based optimizer (GBO). Ten chaotic maps were utilised to update the parameters, eliminate a local optimum and premature convergence, accelerate convergence, and enhance the efficiency of GBO. A classifier was used in FS approaches to determine the best subset of characteristics. The proposed CGBO uses the k-nearest neighbor as an objective function for the classification process in FS. Ten datasets from the UCI machine learning repository were used to validate CGBO. In an experiment, CGBO outperformed five other metaheuristic algorithms: particle swarm optimization(PSO), moth flame optimizer(MFO), sine cosine algorithm(SCA), salp swarm algorithm(SSA), and GBO. The results demonstrated the capability of CGBO to find and select the optimal feature subset, which maximized the classification performance and minimized the number of features selected efficiently compared with other metaheuristic algorithms.

Dates are highly perishable fruits, and maintaining their quality during storage is crucial. The current study aims to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the quality of dates (Khalas and Sukary cultivars) at the Tamer stage and predict their quality attributes during storage using artificial neural networks (ANN). The studied storage conditions were the modified atmosphere packing (MAP) gases (CO2, O2, and N), packaging materials, storage temperature, and storage time, and the evaluated quality attributes were moisture content, firmness, color parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ∆E), pH, water activity, total soluble solids, and microbial contamination. The findings demonstrated that the storage conditions significantly impacted (p < 0.05) the quality of the two stored date cultivars. The use of MAP with 20% CO2 + 80% N had a high potential to decrease the rate of color transformation and microbial growth of dates stored at 4 °C for both stored date cultivars. The developed ANN models efficiently predicted the quality changes of stored dates closely aligned with observed values under the different storage conditions, as evidenced by low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values. In addition, the reliability of the developed ANN models was further affirmed by the linear regression between predicted and measured values, which closely follow the 1:1 line, with R2 values ranging from 0.766 to 0.980, the ANN models demonstrate accurate estimating of fruit quality attributes. The study’s findings contribute to food quality and supply chain management through the identification of optimal storage conditions and predicting the fruit quality during storage under different atmosphere conditions, thereby minimizing food waste and enhancing food safety.