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Resumen Anteriormente llamada Enterobacter agglomerans, hoy conocida como Pantoea agglomerans es un bacilo gram negativo, sin cápsula, aerobio facultativo, perteneciente a la familia Enterobacteriacea. Habita plantas, suelo, agua, piel humana, heces animales y humanas. Es responsable de la mayor parte de las enfermedades intrahospitalarias en medicina humana, produciendo infecciones fundamentalmente relacionadas con infusiones intravenosas, así como meningitis neonatal y artritis séptica a consecuencia de punciones accidentales con espinas de plantas (Kratz y col., 2003; Sauvezie y Sirot, 2000). En el presente artículo se describe un caso clínico perteneciente a un felino (Felis catus), macho de 7 años con cuadro respiratorio crónico que no respondió al tratamiento con antibióticos de primera elección, por lo que se realizó una punción pulmonar, aislándose Pantoea agglomerans, microorganismo nunca antes comunicado como causante de esta patología en felinos, la cual resultó ser multiresistente a los antibióticos de uso frecuente. Summary Previously called Enterobacter agglomerans, known today as Pantoea agglomerans is a gram negative bacillus, without capsule, facultative aerobic, that belongs to Enterobacteriacea family. It lives in plants, ground, water, human skin, animal and human feces. It is responsible for the majority of the nosocomial infections in human medicine, causing infections related to intravenous infusions, neonatal meningitis and septic arthritis as a result of pricking with thorn plants (Kratz y Greenberg, 2003; Sauvezie y Sirot, 2000). In this article we report a case of a male cat (Felis catus), 7 years old, with chronic respiratory disease, which didn´t response to a treatment with common use antibiotics, so we made a lung puncture, where was isolate Pantoea agglomerans. This microorganism was never communicated as a cause of this pathology in cats and resulted to be resistant to common use antibiotics.

Among Solanaceous crops, eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the third most consumed food species after tomato and potato, representing one of the most economically and nutritionally important plant in Asia and Europe. Selection and breeding over hundreds of years have resulted in the production of a large number of eggplant varieties with improved yield, pest resistance and fruit quality. The high content in antioxidant phenylpropanoids, especially chlorogenic acid and flavonoids (anthocyanins), either in the flesh or skin, mainly accounts for the high nutritional value of eggplant. However, post-cut browning processes due to oxidation of the phenolic fraction may adversely affect the commercial and nutritional value of the fruit. It is reported for various raw and cut fruits and vegetables, that the level of phenolics and their oxidizing enzymes polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) might be key players in the browning process. Little information is reported about the actual mechanisms controlling browning of fresh-cut eggplants. We analysed fruits harvested from 28 accessions of S. melongena for several biochemical parameters such as content in CGA, total phenolics and PPO activities. Lines characterized by comparable parameters were grouped in pools and quantitative analysis of PPO and CGA biosynthetic gene transcripts was carried out for each of them. Correlation analysis indicated that the PPO activity in several pools is consistent with the expression analysis data but overall the content of CGA, PPO activity, browning and expression are not correlated. In order to elucidate whether other players are involved in the browning mechanism in eggplant here we present our genomic and biochemical approaches. This work was supported by the Project GenHORT PON02_00395_3215002 funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), PON R&C 2007-2013.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We compared the ability of biennial fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and one-time sigmoidoscopy to detect colon side-specific advanced neoplasms in a population-based, multicenter, nationwide, randomized controlled trial. METHODS: We identified asymptomatic men and women, 50-69 years old, through community health registries and randomly assigned them to groups that received a single colonoscopy examination or biennial FIT. Sigmoidoscopy yield was simulated from results obtained from the colonoscopy group, according to the criteria proposed in the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Trial for colonoscopy referral. Patients who underwent FIT and were found to have >= 75 ng hemoglobin/mL were referred for colonoscopy. Data were analyzed from 5059 subjects in the colonoscopy group and 10,507 in the FIT group. The main outcome was rate of detection of any advanced neoplasm proximal to the splenic flexure. RESULTS: Advanced neoplasms were detected in 317 subjects (6.3%) in the sigmoidoscopy simulation group compared with 288 (2.7%) in the FIT group (odds ratio for sigmoidoscopy, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.93-2.70; P = .0001). Sigmoidoscopy also detected advanced distal neoplasia in a higher percentage of patients than FIT (odds ratio, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 2.20-3.10; P = .0001). The methods did not differ significantly in identifying patients with advanced proximal neoplasms (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.76; P = .44). This was probably due to the lower performance of both strategies in detecting patients with proximal lesions (sigmoidoscopy detected these in 19.1% of patients and FIT in 14.9% of patients) vs distal ones (sigmoidoscopy detected these in 86.8% of patients and FIT in 33.5% of patients). Sigmoidoscopy, but not FIT, detected proximal lesions in lower percentages of women (especially those 50-59 years old) than men. CONCLUSIONS: Sigmoidoscopy and FIT have similar limitations in detecting advanced proximal neoplasms, which depend on patients' characteristics; sigmoidoscopy underperforms for women 50-59 years old. Screening strategies should be designed on the basis of target population to increase effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. ClinicalTrials.govnumber: NCT00906997

Gut microbiota is the most complex bacterial community in the human body and its study may give important clues to the etiology of different intestinal diseases. Most studies carried out so far have used fecal samples, assuming that these samples have a similar distribution to the communities present throughout the colon. The present study was designed to test this assumption by comparing samples from the rectal mucosa and feces of nine healthy volunteers by sequencing libraries of 16S rRNA genes. At the family taxonomic level, where rarefaction curves indicate that the observed number of taxa is close to the expected one, we observe under different statistical analyses that fecal and mucosal samples cluster separately. The same is found at the level of species considering phylogenetic information. Consequently, it cannot be stated that both samples from a given individual are of similar composition. We believe that the evidence in support of this statement is strong and that it would not change by increasing the number of individuals and/or performing massive sequencing. We do not expect clinicians to stop using feces for research, but we think it is important to caution them on their potential lack of representativeness with respect to the bacterial biofilm on the rectal mucosa.

Recurrence after surgery to treat Crohn's disease is frequent and unpredictable. The efficacy of postsurgery capsule endoscopy in detecting recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease is yet to be confirmed.

to develop a predictive model based on clinical data for patients with suspected upper digestive tract disease.forty-seven clinical data were obtained before endoscopy from 283 patients with suspected upper digestive disease (153 men; mean age 55 years, limits 17-92 years). A clinical prediction of diagnosis was made before endoscopy. On the basis of the endoscopic findings, the patients were divided into three diagnostic groups: absence of significant disease (group I), significant benign disease (group II) and malignant disease (group III). The probability rate of belonging to each one of the three groups was obtained for each patient by using Bayes' theorem.the endoscopic findings were classified according to their clinical importance: 121 patients (43%) belonged to group I, 137 (48%) were included in group II; and 25 (9%) in group III. The clinical prediction correctly classified 61% of the patients (group I: 56%, group II: 62% and group III: 76%) The coincidence between prediction obtained using Bayes' theorem and the actual diagnosis was 61% (group I: 65%, group II: 51%, group III: 92%). The predictive model was useful to confirm or not the clinical prediction.objective analysis of clinical data can be useful to support clinical judgment, mainly in patients with neoplasia. However, the model is not adequate to improve indication of upper endoscopy since many patients are misclassified.