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Background: The COVID-19-related deaths are growing rapidly around the world, especially in Europe and the United States. Purpose: In this study we attempt to measure the association of these variables with case fatality rate (CFR) and recovery rate (RR) using up-to-date data from around the world. Methods: Data were collected from eight global databases. According to the raw data of countries, the CFR and RR and their relationship with different predictors was compared for countries with 1000 or more cases of COVID-19 confirmed cases. Results: There were no significant correlation between the CFR and number of hospital beds per 1000 people, proportion of population aged 65 and older ages, and the number of CT per one million inhabitants. Furthermore, based on the continents-based subgroup univariate regression analysis, the population (R2=0.37, P=0.047), GPD (R2=0.80, P, Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 2 (2021): 2021622

Sima Mohammadhossini,1 Fazlollah Ahmadi,2 Mahin Gheibizadeh,3 Amal Saki Malehi,4 Kourosh Zarea31Nursing & Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; 2Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; 3Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Nursing & Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; 4Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Public Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranCorrespondence: Kourosh ZareaNursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Nursing & Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Postal Box 159, Ahvaz City, Khuzestan Province 61357-15794, IranTel +98 916 615 4943Email Zarea_k@ajums.ac.irIntroduction: Burn patients have various physical needs. To provide full care for such patients, we need a broad range of services. The current study aims at showing the physical needs of burn patients.Methods: The current qualitative study has been done through content analysis. The data were collected from 20 in-depth, unstructured individual interviews with hospitalized patients with burns on more than 25% of their body, nurses, physiotherapists, and psychologists. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed with a conventional content analysis approach using the Elo and Kyngas method.Results: By analyzing the data, 7 main categories were obtained from 932 primary codes: the necessity to provide optimal physiotherapy, the necessity of the patient’s overall physical assessment, the necessity of monitoring and coordination in care, healthy nutrition for burn patients, the need for pharmacotherapy, the need for pain reliefs, and finally the theme for comprehensive physical care needs in burn patients.Conclusion: According to the findings, by applying the extracted categories, it is possible to provide quality care based on the patient’s individual needs. This can help speed up the treatment and shorten the length of hospitalization significantly.Keywords: care needs, burn, physical domain, qualitative study

Roya Rafie,1 Seyed Ahmad Hosseini,1 Eskandar Hajiani,2 Amal Saki Malehi,3 Seyed Ali Mard4 1Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; 2Research Center for Infectious Diseases of the Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; 3Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; 4Alimentary Tract Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranCorrespondence: Seyed Ahmad HosseiniNutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranTel +98-6133367543Fax +98-6133720299Email Seyedahmadhosseini@yahoo.comBackground: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver disorders. The main causes of NAFLD are associated with insulin resistance, severe lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress and inflammation. Previous studies have reported that ginger has positive metabolic results.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ginger powder supplement on lipid profiles, insulin resistance, liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant status in patients with NAFLD.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 46 people with NAFLD were parted into two groups and subjected to the ginger or placebo capsules (3 capsules daily, each containing 500 mg of ginger or wheat flour) over 12 weeks. All patients received a diet with balanced energy and physical activity during the intervention period. Liver ultrasonography, anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were measured before and after intervention.Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups in the baseline variables at the beginning of the study. At the end of the study, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose, and insulin resistance index (HOMA), C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and fetuin-A in the group receiving a ginger supplement significantly decreased compared to placebo. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in body weight, fasting insulin, HDL-C, triglyceride, adiponectin, alpha-tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fatty liver index (FLI), fatty liver grade and blood pressure.Conclusion: The ginger supplement may be used as a complementary therapy along with existing therapies to reduce insulin resistance, liver enzymes and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver.Keywords: ginger, liver enzymes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, lipid profiles, insulin resistance

Tree-based methods are nonparametric techniques and machine-learning methods for data prediction and exploratory modeling. These models are one of valuable and powerful tools among data mining methods and can be used for predicting different types of outcome (dependent) variable: (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, and time until an event occurs (survival data)). Tree model is called classification tree/regression tree/survival tree based on the type of outcome variable. These methods have some advantages over against traditional statistical methods such as generalized linear models (GLMs), discriminant analysis, and survival analysis. Some of these advantages are: without requiring to determine assumptions about the functional form between outcome variable and predictor (independent) variables, invariant to monotone transformations of predictor variables, useful for dealing with nonlinear relationships and high-order interactions, deal with different types of predictor variable, ease of interpretation and understanding results without requiring to have statistical experience, robust to missing values, outliers, and multicollinearity. Several classic and Bayesian tree algorithms are proposed for classification and regression trees, and in this chapter, we provide a review of these algorithms and appropriate criteria for determining the predictive performance of them.