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Description of a new model of the Solar System is given in this paper. Analogously to the planetary atomic model of Rutherford, we describe an Atomic Model of the Solar System (AMSS) in which the planets are coupled like electrons in atoms. The AMSS presented put into evidence the existence of a tenth celestial object (nicknamed here SENEG) that might be the centuries-long searched tenth planet or classified in the category of dwarf planets. Since the much controverted Prague (IAU0603 2006) statement, astronomers actively search beyond Neptune a probable ninth planet. The AMSS model gives in the viewpoint of mathematics, the criterion satisfied by a planet belonging to the Solar System. The AMSS indicates that, the stability of the Solar System is only compatible with a configuration containing ten planets and that SENEG orbits the Sun at the distance of 11,208,000,000 km. From the AMSS model, it is mathematically shown that both 2003 VB12 (Sedna) and 2003 UB313 (Xena) have not the status of planets and they may be classified in the category of dwarf planets. Discussion about how the AMSS model may play a prominent role in the implementation of the quantum theory of freedmons is also made.

An equation giving the Energy Dissipated by an aster accelerated in a Gravitational Field (EDGF) is presented. EDGF is applied in the present work to express the Schwarzschild radius and to calculate the total evaporation time of the Sun, of the nucleus of our Galaxy and of any star being collapsing gravitationally. Evaporation times of the planets of the Solar system is tabulated in a model where they are swallowed by the Sun collapsing gravitationally from its stage of red giant up to that of white dwarf. In addition, EDGF is used to estimate the scale of the Solar system (limit of the Solar system) which is an important criterion for the identification of a planet or a celestial object as belonging to the Solar system or not. In this work, the limit of the Solar system is estimated at about 160 AU. All our results are compared with available astronomical previsions.

Located at the Petite Côte of Senegal, Somone is a small coastal river that flows into the Atlantic Ocean by a microtidal lagoonal-estuarine ecosystem. Today, the contribution of the watershed is absent due to a combination of several factors including the dam of Bandia. The only freshwater inputs are from precipitation and groundwater. Somone is a lagoonal-estuarine system characterized by an inverse hydrological functioning where marine influences predominate. Mangrove, dominated by Rhizophora, is the main characteristic unit of this coastal system. The diachronic evolution of 60 years shows a significant change for all the morphological units of the ecosystem. The mobility of the sandy spit, which caused the closures of the mouth in 1967-1969 and in 1987, is related to meteorological variations. The regressive surface of mangroves between 1954 and 1989 is the result of the combined effect of these closures of the mouth, drought and traditional uses of mangroves. The restoration of the mangrove is mainly due to reforestation policies administered in the 2000s. The annual and seasonal trend shows that the internal reworking is the main hydro-sedimentary processes. Sedimentation rate of the mud flats is 2 to 3 mm/year. The dynamics of the sandy spit of the Somone plays an important role in the development and quality of internal units, the mangroves in particular. The permanent opening of the mouth allows a twice-daily renewal of water in the lagoon, which is essential for regulating the high salt content. The low content of sediment in total organic carbon, reflect the low organic matter production of the mangrove because it is a young and stunted mangrove. Diagenetic processes are anaerobic and mostly in the top 10 cm of the sediment, on the recent deposit. The contribution of young mangroves, like Somone, in the carbon storage process, is low. The lagoonal-estuarine ecosystem of the Somone is fragile and highly reactive and his evolution is fast and linked to the cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic factors., Située sur la Petite Côte du Sénégal, la Somone est une petite rivière côtière qui se jette dans l'océan atlantique par un écosystème laguno-estuarien à régime microtidal. Aujourd'hui, les apports du bassin versant sont inexistants du fait de la combinaison de plusieurs facteurs dont le barrage de Bandia. Les seuls apports en eau douce se font par les précipitations et la nappe. Le système laguno-estuarien de la Somone est caractérisé par un fonctionnement hydrologique inverse où les influences marines prédominent. La mangrove, à dominance de Rhizophora, est l'unité caractéristique de ce système côtier. L'évolution diachronique sur 60 ans montre une modification importante de tous les faciès, internes et externes, de l'écosystème. La mobilité de la flèche sableuse d'embouchure, qui s'est traduite par deux comblements en 1967-1969 puis en 1987, est liée à des variations climatiques et météorologiques. L'évolution régressive des surfaces de mangrove, entre 1954 et 1989, est le résultat de l'effet conjugué de ces périodes de comblements, de la sécheresse et des usages traditionnels de la mangrove. La restauration de la mangrove est essentiellement due aux politiques de reboisement administrées dans les années 2000. L'évolution annuelle et saisonnière montre que le remaniement interne est le processus hydro-sédimentaire dominant. Le taux de sédimentation moyen des vasières est de 2 à 3 mm/an. La dynamique de la flèche sableuse à l'embouchure de la Somone joue un rôle fondamental sur l'évolution et la qualité des faciès internes, notamment la mangrove. L'ouverture permanente de l'embouchure permet un renouvellement biquotidien des eaux dans le système laguno-estuarien, essentiel pour réguler les fortes teneurs en sels. Les faibles teneurs des sédiments en carbone organique total, témoignent de la faible production de la mangrove en matière organique car il s'agit d'une mangrove jeune et de forme rabougrie. Les processus diagénétiques se font en anaérobiose et essentiellement dans les 10 premiers cm du sédiment, sur du dépôt récent. La contribution des mangroves jeunes, comme celles de la Somone, au processus de stockage du carbone organique est faible. L'écosystème laguno-estuarien de la Somone est un système fragile et très réactif dont l'évolution, à l'échelle humaine, est rapide et liée à des effets cumulés de facteurs naturels et anthropiques.