Search

Izumi Yoshida,1,2 Hikari Taniguchi,1 Masashi Sakamoto,1 Takatoshi Maeno1 1Sakura Medical Center, Toho University, Chiba, Japan; 2Toho-Kamagaya Hospital, Kamagaya-shi, Chiba, 273-0132, JapanCorrespondence: Izumi YoshidaSakura Medical Center, Toho University, Sakura-shi, Chiba, 285-8741, JapanTel +81-43-462-8811Fax +81-43-462-8835Email izumi.yoshida@med.toho-u.ac.jpPurpose: To investigate the association between the inclusion of components identified on images in target spots of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and exudate relapse in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods: Forty-one eyes (39 patients) with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and 32 eyes (31 patients) with typical AMD (tAMD) who underwent PDT were retrospectively investigated. Each component identified on fluorescein (FA) or indocyanine angiography (IA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), or color photography was graded as not depicted, covered with a margin ≥ 500 μm or < 500 μm, and protruding. Associations between these grades and the dry rate (proportion of subjects with continuous absence of exudate over following 12-month period) and the relapse index (2 × number of injections administered + accumulation of exudate for 12 months post-PDT) were investigated.Results: In PCV, the association between worse coverage and decreasing dry rates for feeder vessels and polyps approached statistical significance. With coverage margins ≥ 500 μm, dry rate tended to be greater than with coverage margins < 500 μm for feeder vessels, classic lesions, and occult lesions on FA. In the tAMD group, coverage with margins ≥ 500 μm tended to yield a higher dry rate than coverage with margins < 500 μm for CNV on IA. Coverage with margins ≥ 500 μm for occult and classic lesions on FA yielded no dry subjects, and all subjects with classic lesions or staining had recurrence (P = 0.009 and 0.050). Worse

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) enable the visualization of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures ranging from atomic to micrometer scales using 3D reconstruction techniques based on computed tomography algorithms. This 3D microscopy method is called electron tomography (ET) and has been utilized in the fields of materials science and engineering for more than two decades. Although atomic resolution is one of the current topics in ET research, the development and deployment of intermediate-resolution (non-atomic-resolution) ET imaging methods have garnered considerable attention from researchers. This research trend is probably not irrelevant due to the fact that the spatial resolution and functionality of 3D imaging methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microscopy have come to overlap with those of ET. In other words, there may be multiple ways to carry out 3D visualization using different microscopy methods for nanometer-scale objects in materials. From the above standpoint, this review paper aims to (i) describe the current status and issues of intermediate-resolution ET with regard to enhancing the effectiveness of TEM/STEM imaging and (ii) discuss promising applications of state-of-the-art intermediate-resolution ET for materials research with a particular focus on diffraction contrast ET for crystalline microstructures (superlattice domains and dislocations) including a demonstration of in situ dislocation tomography.

Masashi Sakamoto, Ryuya Hashimoto, Izumi Yoshida, Makoto Ubuka, Takatoshi Maeno Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Shimoshizu, Sakura, Japan Purpose: To investigate the potential risk factors for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after vitrectomy in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Subjects and methods: In this retrospective, observational, comparative study, patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy who underwent vitrectomy at Toho University Sakura Medical Center between December 2011 and November 2016 and who were followed for ≥12 months after surgery were included. Subject parameters examined included age, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, administration of insulin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Ocular parameters examined included preoperative best-corrected visual acuity, preoperative IOP, operative history (specifically panretinal photocoagulation), lens status, ocular pathology (eg, iris/angle neovascularization, tractional retinal detachment, diabetic macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, combined tractional retinal detachment), intraoperative retinal tamponade use, vitrectomy gauge, combined lens extraction/vitrectomy procedure, subsequent surgical procedures, and pre- and postoperative intravitreal bevacizumab. Correlations between variables and postoperative NVG development were examined using logistic regression analyses (backward elimination method).Results: A total of 254 eyes of 196 consecutive subjects (146 men [74.5%], 54.0±10.8 years old) were included. Sixty of 254 eyes (23.6%) developed NVG. Several preoperative factors increased the risk of developing NVG, including iris/angle neovascularization (P=0.042), preoperative high IOP (P=0.005), low HbA1c (P=0.004), and administration of insulin (P=0.045). Intraoperative retinal tamponade also increased NVG risk (P=0.021, backward elimination method).Conclusion: Preoperative parameters such as elevated IOP, iris

Sakamoto M, Hashimoto R, Yoshida I, Maeno T. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:733–738. Page 733, Abstract, Results section, line 2, the text “(P=0.08)” should read “(P=0.008)”. Read the original article&nbsp

Masashi Sakamoto, Izumi Yoshida, Ryuya Hashimoto, Hidetaka Masahara, Takatoshi Maeno Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan Purpose: To identify risk factors for retinal breaks during macular hole (MH) surgery.Patients and methods: This retrospective, observational, comparative study included the medical records of 364 consecutive patients (382 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy for MH at Toho University Sakura Medical Center between January 2012 and May 2017. The patients comprised 135 men and 229 women with mean age 67.6±8.0 years. Six eyes with a pre-existing retinal tear treated by laser photocoagulation before MH surgery were excluded. Data on sex, age, presence or absence of lattice degeneration, axial length (measured using an IOL Master®), preoperative refraction, whether or not combined lens extraction/vitrectomy had been performed, whether or not the lens was pseudophakic before vitrectomy, and whether or not a posterior vitreous detachment had been created intraoperatively were collected. The lattice degeneration status was classified as none (0), treated using laser photocoagulation (1), or untreated (2).Results: The only item identified in logistic regression analysis with the backward elimination method to be a significant risk factor for retinal breaks during MH surgery was the presence of lattice degeneration (P<0.001).Conclusion: Ophthalmologists should be aware of the increased risk of retinal breaks during MH surgery in eyes with lattice degeneration. Intraoperative retinal breaks may be less likely to occur in eyes with lattice degeneration treated by photocoagulation preoperatively. Keywords: macular hole, iatrogenic retinal breaks, vitrectomy, lattice degeneration

Masashi Sakamoto, Ryuya Hashimoto, Izumi Yoshida, Takatoshi Maeno Department of Ophthalmology, Sakura Medical Center of Toho University, Shimoshizu, Sakura, Japan Purpose: We retrospectively reviewed patients with postoperative neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy to investigate how variables assessed before, during, and after vitrectomy are associated with the requirement for filtration surgery. Patients and methods: The subjects in this retrospective, observational, comparative study were 55 consecutive patients (61 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy at Toho University Sakura Medical Center between December 2011 and November 2016, were followed up for at least 6 months after surgery, and developed NVG within 2 years after surgery. They comprised 44 men and 11 women of mean age 52.4±9.1 years, who were followed up for a mean 7.1±6.1 months. We collected data on the following 16 variables: sex, age, history of panretinal photocoagulation completed within 3 months before vitrectomy, presence/absence of a lens, obvious iris/angle neovascularization, tractional retinal detachment, diabetic macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, visual acuity and intraocular pressure before vitrectomy and at the onset of NVG, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and use of intraoperative gas tamponade. Results: Logistic regression analysis with the backward elimination method identified preoperative fasting hyperglycemia (P=0.08), high intraocular pressure at the onset of NVG (P=0.04), and use of gas tamponade during vitrectomy (P=0.008) to be significant risk factors for requirement of filtration surgery. Conclusion: Preoperative fasting hyperglycemia, high intraocular pressure at the onset of NVG, and use of gas tamponade during vitrectomy predispose patients to require filtration surgery in the event of postoperative NVG. Keywords: neovascul