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Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts and are considered to be a sister group to fungi (1). Of the 1,300 species in >200 genera that have [...]

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular parasites comprising [approximately equal to] 1,300 species within >200 genera (1). Microsporidia are considered to be closely related to fungi (2,3) and infect [...]

Microsporidia of the genus Encephalitozoon (E. cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis) are intracellular pathogens infecting a wide range of animal species. Because spores can be released to the environment [...]

Cryptosporidium spp. causes diarrheal disease that can become chronic and life-threatening in persons who have an immature or malfunctioning immune system. Humans are primarily infected with C. hominis and C. [...]

Domesticated dogs (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) are widely kept on all continents and could share parasites with free-living animals. To understand the transmission of intestinal parasites between dogs kept on the four dog stations and wildlife in Svalbard, 170 faecal samples from dogs and 203 faecal samples from wildlife, including Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758); n = 62), Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus (Vrolik, 1829); n = 106), sibling vole (Microtus levis Miller, 1908; n = 63), Pink-footed Goose (Anser brachyrhynchus Baillon, 1834; n = 30), Little Auk (Alle alle (Linnaeus, 1758); n = 49), and Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758); n = 18), were individually screened for the presence of intestinal parasites using microscopy and PCR and nucleotide sequencing methods. Additionally, the results of the study were compared with previous studies performed in the same area. The roundworm Toxascaris leonina (Linstow, 1902) was found microscopically and by PCR in a dog (n = 1). The specific DNA of three species of parasitic protists was detected in dogs from different yards. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium canis Fayer, Trout, Xiao, Morgan, Lal and Dubey, 2001 (n = 1), Encephalitozoon cuniculi Levaditi, Nicolau and Schoen, 1923 genotype II (n = 4), and dog-specific Enterocytozoon bieneusi Desportes, Le Charpentier, Galian, Bernard, Cochand-Priollet, Lavergne, Ravisse and Modigliani, 1985 genotypes (n = 12). This study showed overall a low prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs in Svalbard and possible but minimal transmission with wildlife. Key words: parasites, wildlife, Canis lupus familiaris, domesticated dog, Arctic, PCR, microscopy. Les chiens domestiques (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) sont répandus dans tous les continents et pourraient avoir des parasites en commun avec des animaux vivant en liberté. Afin de comprendre la transmission de parasites intestinaux entre des chiens gardés dans les quatre stations à chiens et les animaux sauvages du Svalbard, 170 échantillons fécaux de chiens et 203 échantillons fécaux d'animaux sauvages, dont des renards arctiques (Vulpes lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758); n = 62), des rennes du Svalbard (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus (Vrolik, 1829); n = 106), des campagnols d'Ondrias (Microtus levis Miller, 1908; n = 63), des oies à bec court (Anser brachyrhynchus Baillon, 1834; n = 30), des mergules nains (Alle alle (Linnaeus, 1758); n = 49) et des mouettes tridactyles (Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus, 1758); n = 18), ont été analysés individuellement par microscopie et des méthodes d'ACP et séquençage des nucléotides afin de caractériser la présence de parasites intestinaux. Les résultats de l'étude ont en outre été comparés à ceux d'études passées réalisées dans la même région. La présence de l'ascaride Toxascaris leonina (Linstow, 1902) a été relevée au microscope et par ACP chez un chien (n =1). De l'ADN de trois espèces de protistes parasitiques a été décelé chez des chiens de différentes cours. Des analyses phylogénétiques ont révélé la présence de Cryptosporidium canis Fayer, Trout, Xiao, Morgan, Lal et Dubey, 2001 (n = 1), du génotype II d'Encephalitozoon cuniculi Levaditi, Nicolau et Schoen, 1923 (n = 4) et de génotypes d'Enterocytozoon bieneusi Desportes, Le Charpentier, Galian, Bernard, Cochand-Priollet, Lavergne, Ravisse et Modigliani, 1985 (n = 12) propres au chien. L'étude fait globalement ressortir une faible prévalence de parasites intestinaux chez les chiens du Svalvard et la possibilité, bien que minime, de leur transmission à des espèces sauvages. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés: parasites, espèces sauvages, Canis lupus familiaris, chien domestique, Arctique, ACP, microscopie., Introduction In the 19th and 20th centuries, Svalbard (Spitsbergen) was settled by Russian and Norwegian fur hunters who used sled dogs (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) to facilitate movement on [...]

Cryptosporidium is a global protozoan parasite infecting wild, agricultural, and domestic vertebrates, and humans. Most infections lead to a gastrointestinal illness characterized by diarrhea (1). In addition, in birds, C. [...]

The question of how interactions between the gut microbiome and vertebrate hosts contribute to host adaptation and speciation is one of the major problems in current evolutionary research. Using bacteriome and mycobiome metabarcoding, we examined how these two components of the gut microbiota vary with the degree of host admixture in secondary contact between two house mouse subspecies (Musmusculus musculus and M. m. domesticus). We used a large data set collected at two replicates of the hybrid zone and model‐based statistical analyses to ensure the robustness of our results. Assuming that the microbiota of wild hosts suffers from spatial autocorrelation, we directly compared the results of statistical models that were spatially naive with those that accounted for spatial autocorrelation. We showed that neglecting spatial autocorrelation can strongly affect the results and lead to misleading conclusions. The spatial analyses showed little difference between subspecies, both in microbiome composition and in individual bacterial lineages. Similarly, the degree of admixture had minimal effects on the gut bacteriome and mycobiome and was caused by changes in a few microbial lineages that correspond to the common symbionts of free‐living house mice. In contrast to previous studies, these data do not support the hypothesis that the microbiota plays an important role in host reproductive isolation in this particular model system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptosporidium infection is a leading cause of diarrhea in humans (1). Five Cryptosporidium species--C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. felis, and C. canis--are responsible for most cases of cryptosporidiosis [...]