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1. Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional studyResearch in context

Author

Hazim Abozid, Jaymini Patel, Peter Burney, Sylvia Hartl, Robab Breyer-Kohansal, Kevin Mortimer, Asaad A. Nafees, Mohammed Al Ghobain, Tobias Welte, Imed Harrabi, Meriam Denguezli, Li Cher Loh, Abdul Rashid, Thorarinn Gislason, Cristina Barbara, Joao Cardoso, Fatima Rodrigues, Terence Seemungal, Daniel Obaseki, Sanjay Juvekar, Stefanni Nonna Paraguas, Wan C. Tan, Frits M.E. Franssen, Filip Mejza, David Mannino, Christer Janson, Hamid Hacene Cherkaski, Mahesh Padukudru Anand, Hasan Hafizi, Sonia Buist, Parvaiz A. Koul, Asma El Sony, Marie-Kathrin Breyer, Otto C. Burghuber, Emiel F.M. Wouters, Andre F.S. Amaral, Anila Aliko, Donika Bardhi, Holta Tafa, Natasha Thanasi, Arian Mezini, Alma Teferici, Dafina Todri, Jolanda Nikolla, Rezarta Kazasi, Amira Bengrait, Tabarek Haddad, Ibtissem Zgaoula, Maamar Ghit, Abdelhamid Roubhia, Soumaya Boudra, Feryal Atoui, Randa Yakoubi, Rachid Benali, Abdelghani Bencheikh, Nadia Ait-Khaled, Christine Jenkins, Guy Marks, Tessa Bird, Paola Espinel, Kate Hardaker, Brett Toelle, Michael Studnicka, Torkil Dawes, Bernd Lamprecht, Lea Schirhofer, Akramul Islam, Syed Masud Ahmed, Shayla Islam, Qazi Shafayetul Islam, Mesbah-Ul-Haque, Tridib Roy Chowdhury, Sukantha Kumar Chatterjee, Dulal Mia, Shyamal Chandra Das, Mizanur Rahman, Nazrul Islam, Shahaz Uddin, Nurul Islam, Luiza Khatun, Monira Parvin, Abdul Awal Khan, Maidul Islam, Herve Lawin, Arsene Kpangon, Karl Kpossou, Gildas Agodokpessi, Paul Ayelo, Benjamin Fayomi, Bertrand Mbatchou, Atongno Humphrey Ashu, Wen Wang, NanShan Zhong, Shengming Liu, Jiachun Lu, Pixin Ran, Dali Wang, Jin-ping Zheng, Yumin Zhou, Rain Jogi, Hendrik Laja, Katrin Ulst, Vappu Zobel, Toomas-Julius Lill, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Isabelle Bodemann, Henning Geldmacher, Alexandra SchwedaLinow, Bryndis Benedikdtsdottir, Kristin Jorundsdottir, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun Gudmundsdottir, Gunnar Gudmundsson, Mahesh Rao, Sajjad Malik, Nissar A. Hakim, Umar Hafiz Khan, Rohini Chowgule, Vasant Shetye, Jonelle Raphael, Rosel Almeda, Mahesh Tawde, Rafiq Tadvi, Sunil Katkar, Milind Kadam, Rupesh Dhanawade, Umesh Ghurup, Siddhi Hirve, Somnath Sambhudas, Bharat Chaidhary, Meera Tambe, Savita Pingale, Arati Umap, Archana Umap, Nitin Shelar, Sampada Devchakke, Sharda Chaudhary, Suvarna Bondre, Savita Walke, Ashleshsa Gawhane, Anil Sapkal, Rupali Argade, Vijay Gaikwad, Sundeep Salvi, Bill Brashier, Jyoti Londhe, Sapna Madas, Althea Aquart-Stewart, Akosua Francia Aikman, Talant M. Sooronbaev, Bermet M. Estebesova, Meerim Akmatalieva, Saadat Usenbaeva, Jypara Kydyrova, Eliza Bostonova, Ulan Sheraliev, Nuridin Marajapov, Nurgul Toktogulova, Berik Emilov, Toktogul Azilova, Gulnara Beishekeeva, Nasyikat Dononbaeva, Aijamal Tabyshova, Wezzie Nyapigoti, Ernest Mwangoka, Mayamiko Kambwili, Martha Chipeta, Gloria Banda, Suzgo Mkandawire, Justice Banda, Li-Cher Loh, Siti Sholehah, Mohamed C. Benjelloun, Chakib Nejjari, Mohamed Elbiaze, Karima El Rhazi, E.F.M. Wouters, G.J. Wesseling, Gregory Erhabor, Olayemi Awopeju, Olufemi Adewole, Amund Gulsvik, Tina Endresen, Lene Svendsen, Muhammad Irfan, Zafar Fatmi, Aysha Zahidie, Natasha Shaukat, Meesha Iqbal, Luisito F. Idolor, Teresita S. de Guia, Norberto A. Francisco, Camilo C. Roa, Fernando G. Ayuyao, Cecil Z. Tady, Daniel T. Tan, Sylvia Banal-Yang, Vincent M. Balanag, Jr., Maria Teresita N. Reyes, Renato B. Dantes, Lourdes Amarillo, Lakan U. Berratio, Lenora C. Fernandez, Gerard S. Garcia, Sullian S. Naval, Thessa Reyes, Camilo C. Roa, Jr., Flordeliza Sanchez, Leander P. Simpao, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Jakub Frey, Rafal Harat, Pawel Nastalek, Andrzej Pajak, Wojciech Skucha, Andrzej Szczeklik, Magda Twardowska, Herminia Dias, João Almeida, Maria Joao Matos, Paula Simão, Moutinho Santos, Reis Ferreira, M. Al Ghobain, H. Alorainy, E. El-Hamad, M. Al Hajjaj, A. Hashi, R. Dela, R. Fanuncio, E. Doloriel, I. Marciano, L. Safia, Eric Bateman, Anamika Jithoo, Desiree Adams, Edward Barnes, Jasper Freeman, Anton Hayes, Sipho Hlengwa, Christine Johannisen, Mariana Koopman, Innocentia Louw, Ina Ludick, Alta Olckers, Johanna Ryck, Janita Storbeck, Kirthi Gunasekera, Rajitha Wickremasinghe, Asma Elsony, Hana A. Elsadig, Nada Bakery Osman, Bandar Salah Noory, Monjda Awad Mohamed, Hasab Alrasoul Akasha Ahmed Osman, Namarig Moham ed Elhassan, Abdel Mu’is El Zain, Marwa Mohamed Mohamaden, Suhaiba Khalifa, Mahmoud Elhadi, Mohand Hassan, Dalia Abdelmonam, Inga Sif Olafsdottir, Katarina Nisser, Ulrike SpetzNystrom, Gunilla Hagg, GunMarie Lund, Fallon Lutchmansingh, Liane Conyette, Myriam Denguezli, Zouhair Tabka, Hager Daldoul, Zaki Boukheroufa, Firas Chouikha, Wahbi Belhaj Khalifa, Ali Kocabas, Attila Hancioglu, Ismail Hanta, Sedat Kuleci, Ahmet Sinan Turkyilmaz, Sema Umut, Turgay Unalan, Peter G.J. Burney, Louisa Gnatiuc, Hadia Azar, Caron Amor, James Potts, Michael Tumilty, Fiona McLean, Risha Dudhaiya, A. Sonia Buist, Mary Ann McBurnie, William M. Vollmer, Suzanne Gillespie, Sean Sullivan, Todd A. Lee, Kevin B. Weiss, Robert L. Jensen, Robert Crapo, Paul Enright, David M. Mannino, John Cain, Rebecca Copeland, Dana Hazen, and Jennifer Methvin

Subjects
Chronic cough, Epidemiology, Global health, Excess risk, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (≥40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings: The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors. Funding: Wellcome Trust.

Published
2024
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2. High altitude pulmonary edema among 'Amarnath Yatris'

Author

Parvaiz A Koul, Umar Hafiz Khan, Tajamul Hussain, Ajaz Nabi Koul, Sajjad Malik, Sanaullah Shah, Sajjad Rajab Bazaz, Wasim Rashid, and Rafi Ahmad Jan

Subjects
Altitude illness, cerebral edema, mountain sickness, pilgrimage, pulmonary edema, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Background: Annual pilgrimage (Yatra) to the cave shrine of Shri Amarnath Ji′ is a holy ritual among the Hindu devotees of Lord Shiva. Located in the Himalayan Mountain Range (altitude 13,000 ft) in south Kashmir, the shrine is visited by thousands of devotees and altitude sickness is reportedly common. Materials and Methods: More than 600,000 pilgrims visited the cave shrine in 2011 and 2012 with 239 recorded deaths. Thirty one patients with suspected altitude sickness were referred from medical centers en-route the cave to Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary-care center in capital Srinagar (5,000 ft). The clinical features and the response to treatment were recorded. Results: Thirty-one patients (all lowlanders, 19 male; age 18-60 years, median 41) had presented with acute onset breathlessness of 1-4 days (median 1.9 d) starting within 12-24 h of a rapid ascent; accompanied by cough (68%), headache (8%), dizziness and nausea (65%). Sixteen patients had associated encephalopathy. Clinical features on admission included tachypnea ( n = 31), tachycardia ( n = 23), bilateral chest rales ( n = 29), cyanosis ( n = 22) and grade 2-4 encephalopathy. Hypoxemia was demonstrable in 24 cases and bilateral infiltrates on radiologic imaging in 29. Ten patients had evidence of high-altitude cerebral edema. All patients were managed with oxygen, steroids, nifedipine, sildenafil and other supportive measures including invasive ventilation ( n = 3). Three patients died due to multiorgan dysfunction. Conclusions: Altitude sickness is common among Amaranath Yatris from the plains and appropriate educational strategies should be invoked for prevention and prompt treatment.

Published
2013
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3. Sustainable return depends on collaborative approach

Author

Sajjad Malik

Subjects
forced migration, asylum, refugee, displacement, Sudan, return, Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform, HN1-995
Abstract

The Livelihoods and Social Protection cluster1 of the Joint Assessment Mission (JAM) forms the basis of the plan for the return and reintegration of some 6.7 million people by 2011. Success will depend on commitment to the Comprehensive Peace Process and sustained international support.

Published
2005

5. A-2 The Genocide in Middle East and Rwanda and its impacts on the Humanity

Author

Muhammad Muavia Khan and Muhammad Sajjad Malik

Subjects
Economic growth, Enthusiasm, Middle East, Armenian, media_common.quotation_subject, World War II, Genocide, language.human_language, Politics, The Holocaust, Political science, Humanity, language, media_common
Abstract

Cross-country concentrates on the monetary, political, social, good and mental results of decimation regularly discover short-run impacts that are not huge, and no proof for full humanistic recuperation. We study The Genocide in Middle East and Rwanda and its effects on the Humanity, which have been the most exceptional occasions of political viciousness since World War II. All the more decisively, we gauge its impact on human advancement utilizing the manufactured control technique and tending to information quality issues that have been a worry in the writing. We locate a 58% decline in GDP of the Middle East and Rwanda in 1994 and proposals impacts remain a while later. Besides, the field of slaughter contemplates has developed quickly as of late, energized by enthusiasm for the Armenian decimation, the global criminal councils for the previous Yugoslavia also, Rwanda, and the broad slaughters in Darfur. While a few similar examinations of the Armenian annihilation and the Holocaust have been distributed, and various such examinations likewise address annihilation in Cambodia, Bosnia, and Rwanda, none of these works gives a lot of investigation to the encounters of different survivors of decimation in the Middle East and North Africa since the 1890s.

Published
2021

7. COPD

Author

Michael Studnicka, Andreas Horner, Lea Sator, A. Sonia Buist, Bernd Lamprecht, NanShan Zhong, Shengming Liu, Jiachun Lu, Pixin Ran, Dali Wang, Jingping Zheng, Yumin Zhou, Ali Kocabaş, Attila Hancioglu, Ismail Hanta, Sedat Kuleci, Ahmet Sinan Turkyilmaz, Sema Umut, Turgay Unalan, Torkil Dawes, Eric Bateman, Anamika Jithoo, Desiree Adams, Edward Barnes, Jasper Freeman, Anton Hayes, Sipho Hlengwa, Christine Johannisen, Mariana Koopman, Innocentia Louw, Ina Ludick, Alta Olckers, Johanna Ryck, Janita Storbeck, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benedikdtsdottir, Kristin Jörundsdottir, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun Gudmundsdottir, Gunnar Gundmundsson, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Jakub Frey, Rafal Harat, Filip Mejza, Pawel Nastalek, Andrzej Pajak, Wojciech Skucha, Andrzej Szczeklik, Magda Twardowska, Tobias Welte, Isabelle Bodemann, Henning Geldmacher, Alexandra Schweda-Linow, Amund Gulsvik, Tina Endresen, Lene Svendsen, Wan C. Tan, Wen Wang, David M. Mannino, John Cain, Rebecca Copeland, Dana Hazen, Jennifer Methvin, Renato B. Dantes, Lourdes Amarillo, Lakan U. Berratio, Lenora C. Fernandez, Norberto A. Francisco, Gerard S. Garcia, Teresita S. de Guia, Luisito F. Idolor, Sullian S. Naval, Thessa Reyes, Camilo C. Roa, Ma. Flordeliza Sanchez, Leander P. Simpao, Christine Jenkins, Guy Marks, Tessa Bird, Paola Espinel, Kate Hardaker, Brett Toelle, Peter G.J. Burney, Caron Amor, James Potts, Michael Tumilty, Fiona McLean, E.F.M. Wouters, G.J. Wesseling, Cristina Bárbara, Fátima Rodrigues, Hermínia Dias, João Cardoso, João Almeida, Maria João Matos, Paula Simão, Moutinho Santos, Reis Ferreira, Christer Janson, Inga Sif Olafsdottir, Katarina Nisser, Ulrike Spetz-Nyström, Gunilla Hägg, Gun-Marie Lund, Rain Jõgi, Hendrik Laja, Katrin Ulst, Vappu Zobel, Toomas-Julius Lill, Parvaiz A. Koul, Sajjad Malik, Nissar A. Hakim, Umar Hafiz Khan, Rohini Chowgule, Vasant Shetye, Jonelle Raphael, Rosel Almeda, Mahesh Tawde, Rafiq Tadvi, Sunil Katkar, Milind Kadam, Rupesh Dhanawade, Umesh Ghurup, Imed Harrabi, Myriam Denguezli, Zouhair Tabka, Hager Daldoul, Zaki Boukheroufa, Firas Chouikha, Wahbi Belhaj Khalifa, Fernando G. Ayuyao, Cecil Z. Tady, Daniel T. Tan, Sylvia Banal-Yang, Vincent M. Balanag, Maria Teresita N. Reyes, Renato. B. Dantes, Sanjay Juvekar, Siddhi Hirve, Somnath Sambhudas, Bharat Chaidhary, Meera Tambe, Savita Pingale, Arati Umap, Archana Umap, Nitin Shelar, Sampada Devchakke, Sharda Chaudhary, Suvarna Bondre, Savita Walke, Ashleshsa Gawhane, Anil Sapkal, Rupali Argade, Vijay Gaikwad, Sundeep Salvi, Bill Brashier, Jyoti Londhe, Sapna Madas, Daniel Obaseki, Gregory Erhabor, Olayemi Awopeju, and Olufemi Adewole

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, medicine.medical_specialty, COPD, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, MEDLINE, Pulmonary disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2020

8. Overdiagnosis of COPD in Subjects With Unobstructed Spirometry

Author

Lea Sator, Andreas Horner, Michael Studnicka, Bernd Lamprecht, Bernhard Kaiser, Mary Ann McBurnie, A. Sonia Buist, Luisa Gnatiuc, David M. Mannino, Christer Janson, Eric D. Bateman, Peter Burney, NanShan Zhong, Shengming Liu, Jiachun Lu, Pixin Ran, Dali Wang, Jingping Zheng, Yumin Zhou, Ali Kocabaş, Attila Hancioglu, Ismail Hanta, Sedat Kuleci, Ahmet Sinan Turkyilmaz, Sema Umut, Turgay Unalan, Torkil Dawes, Eric Bateman, Anamika Jithoo, Desiree Adams, Edward Barnes, Jasper Freeman, Anton Hayes, Sipho Hlengwa, Christine Johannisen, Mariana Koopman, Innocentia Louw, Ina Ludick, Alta Olckers, Johanna Ryck, Janita Storbeck, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benedikdtsdottir, Kristin Jörundsdottir, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun Gudmundsdottir, Gunnar Gundmundsson, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Jakub Frey, Rafal Harat, Filip Mejza, Pawel Nastalek, Andrzej Pajak, Wojciech Skucha, Andrzej Szczeklik, Magda Twardowska, Tobias Welte, Isabelle Bodemann, Henning Geldmacher, Alexandra Schweda-Linow, Amund Gulsvik, Tina Endresen, Lene Svendsen, Wan C. Tan, Wen Wang, John Cain, Rebecca Copeland, Dana Hazen, Jennifer Methvin, Renato B. Dantes, Lourdes Amarillo, Lakan U. Berratio, Lenora C. Fernandez, Norberto A. Francisco, Gerard S. Garcia, Teresita S. de Guia, Luisito F. Idolor, Sullian S. Naval, Thessa Reyes, Camilo C. Roa, Ma. Flordeliza Sanchez, Leander P. Simpao, Christine Jenkins, Guy Marks, Tessa Bird, Paola Espinel, Kate Hardaker, Brett Toelle, Peter G.J. Burney, Caron Amor, James Potts, Michael Tumilty, Fiona McLean, E.F.M. Wouters, G.J. Wesseling, Cristina Bárbara, Fátima Rodrigues, Hermínia Dias, João Cardoso, João Almeida, Maria João Matos, Paula Simão, Moutinho Santos, Reis Ferreira, Inga Sif Olafsdottir, Katarina Nisser, Ulrike Spetz-Nyström, Gunilla Hägg, Gun-Marie Lund, Rain Jõgi, Hendrik Laja, Katrin Ulst, Vappu Zobel, Toomas-Julius Lill, Parvaiz A. Koul, Sajjad Malik, Nissar A. Hakim, Umar Hafiz Khan, Rohini Chowgule, Vasant Shetye, Jonelle Raphael, Rosel Almeda, Mahesh Tawde, Rafiq Tadvi, Sunil Katkar, Milind Kadam, Rupesh Dhanawade, Umesh Ghurup, Imed Harrabi, Myriam Denguezli, Zouhair Tabka, Hager Daldoul, Zaki Boukheroufa, Firas Chouikha, Wahbi Belhaj Khalifa, Fernando G. Ayuyao, Cecil Z. Tady, Daniel T. Tan, Sylvia Banal-Yang, Vincent M. Balanag, Maria Teresita N. Reyes, Sanjay Juvekar, Siddhi Hirve, Somnath Sambhudas, Bharat Chaidhary, Meera Tambe, Savita Pingale, Arati Umap, Archana Umap, Nitin Shelar, Sampada Devchakke, Sharda Chaudhary, Suvarna Bondre, Savita Walke, Ashleshsa Gawhane, Anil Sapkal, Rupali Argade, Vijay Gaikwad, Sundeep Salvi, Bill Brashier, Jyoti Londhe, Sapna Madas, Daniel Obaseki, Gregory Erhabor, Olayemi Awopeju, and Olufemi Adewole

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic bronchitis, Population, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Wheeze, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Overdiagnosis, education, Asthma, education.field_of_study, COPD, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 030228 respiratory system, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Background There are several reports on underdiagnosis of COPD, while little is known about COPD overdiagnosis and overtreatment. We describe the overdiagnosis and the prevalence of spirometrically defined false positive COPD, as well as their relationship with overtreatment across 23 population samples in 20 countries participating in the BOLD Study between 2003 and 2012. Methods A false positive diagnosis of COPD was considered when participants reported a doctor's diagnosis of COPD, but postbronchodilator spirometry was unobstructed (FEV1/FVC > LLN). Additional analyses were performed using the fixed ratio criterion (FEV1/FVC Results Among 16,177 participants, 919 (5.7%) reported a previous medical diagnosis of COPD. Postbronchodilator spirometry was unobstructed in 569 subjects (61.9%): false positive COPD. A similar rate of overdiagnosis was seen when using the fixed ratio criterion (55.3%). In a subgroup analysis excluding participants who reported a diagnosis of "chronic bronchitis" or "emphysema" (n = 220), 37.7% had no airflow limitation. The site-specific prevalence of false positive COPD varied greatly, from 1.9% in low- to middle-income countries to 4.9% in high-income countries. In multivariate analysis, overdiagnosis was more common among women, and was associated with higher education; former and current smoking; the presence of wheeze, cough, and phlegm; and concomitant medical diagnosis of asthma or heart disease. Among the subjects with false positive COPD, 45.7% reported current use of respiratory medication. Excluding patients with reported asthma, 34.4% of those with normal spirometry still used a respiratory medication. Conclusions False positive COPD is frequent. This might expose nonobstructed subjects to possible adverse effects of respiratory medication.

Published
2019

9. Pakistan-India Relations: An Analytical Perspective of Peace Efforts

Author

null Muhammad Sajjad Malik

Abstract

Pakistan and India share a critical relationship. In addition to several limited border clashes they have fought three major wars since 1947, However, they have also a history of joint efforts for resolving differences through peaceful means. In fact, after every major conflict, they sat down for talks. The peace efforts can be categorised into three types: the UN-driven, the bilateral peace parleys and third-party mediations. The study concludes that third-party mediation has been more successful and result-oriented as compared to the bilateral efforts or the UN-sponsored initiatives. This article relies on multiple sources to traverse the history of Pak-India conflicts and peace efforts. The findings of this paper support the main argument that third party mediations have been more successful in resolving issues between the two countries.

Published
2019

10. Prevalence and population-attributable risk for chronic airflow obstruction in a large multinational study

Author

Peter Burney, Jaymini Patel, Cosetta Minelli, Louisa Gnatiuc, André F. S. Amaral, Ali Kocabaş, Hamid Hacene Cherkaski, Amund Gulsvik, Rune Nielsen, Eric Bateman, Anamika Jithoo, Kevin Mortimer, Talant M. Sooronbaev, Hervé Lawin, Chakib Nejjari, Mohammed Elbiaze, Karima El Rhazi, Jin-Ping Zheng, Pixin Ran, Tobias Welte, Daniel Obaseki, Gregory Erhabor, Asma Elsony, Nada Bakri Osman, Rana Ahmed, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Filip Mejza, David M. Mannino, Cristina Bárbara, Emiel F. M. Wouters, Luisito F. Idolor, Li-Cher Loh, Abdul Rashid, Sanjay Juvekar, Thorarinn Gislason, Mohamed Al Ghobain, Michael Studnicka, Imed Harrabi, Meriam Denguezli, Parvaiz A. Koul, Christine Jenkins, Guy Marks, Rain Jõgi, Hasan Hafizi, Christer Janson, Wan C. Tan, Althea Aquart-Stewart, Bertrand Mbatchou, Asaad Ahmed Nafees, Kirthi Gunasekera, Terry Seemungal, Mahesh Padukudru Anand, Paul Enright, William M. Vollmer, Marta Blangiardo, Fadlalla G. Elfadaly, A. Sonia Buist, Anila Aliko, Donika Bardhi, Holta Tafa, Natasha Thanasi, Arian Mezini, Alma Teferici, Dafina Todri, Jolanda Nikolla, Rezarta Kazasi, Amira Bengrait, Tabarek Haddad, Ibtissem Zgaoula, Maamar Ghit, Abdelhamid Roubhia, Soumaya Boudra, Feryal Atoui, Randa Yakoubi, Rachid Benali, Abdelghani Bencheikh, Nadia Ait-Khaled, Tessa Bird, Paola Espinel, Kate Hardaker, Brett Toelle, Torkil Dawes, Bernd Lamprecht, Lea Schirhofer, Akramul Islam, Syed Masud Ahmed, Shayla Islam, Qazi Shafayetul Islam, Tridib Roy Chowdhury, Sukantha Kumar Chatterjee, Dulal Mia, Shyamal Chandra Das, Mizanur Rahman, Nazrul Islam, Shahaz Uddin, Nurul Islam, Luiza Khatun, Monira Parvin, Abdul Awal Khan, Maidul Islam, Herve Lawin, Arsene Kpangon, Karl Kpossou, Gildas Agodokpessi, Paul Ayelo, Benjamin Fayomi, Atongno Humphrey Ashu, Wen Wang, NanShan Zhong, Shengming Liu, Jiachun Lu, Dali Wang, Jin-ping Zheng, Yumin Zhou, Hendrik Laja, Katrin Ulst, Vappu Zobel, Toomas-Julius Lill, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Isabelle Bodemann, Henning Geldmacher, Alexandra Schweda-Linow, Bryndis Benedikdtsdottir, Kristin Jörundsdottir, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun Gudmundsdottir, Gunnar Gudmundsson, Mahesh Rao, Sajjad Malik, Nissar A. Hakim, Umar Hafiz Khan, Rohini Chowgule, Vasant Shetye, Jonelle Raphael, Rosel Almeda, Mahesh Tawde, Rafiq Tadvi, Sunil Katkar, Milind Kadam, Rupesh Dhanawade, Umesh Ghurup, Siddhi Hirve, Somnath Sambhudas, Bharat Chaidhary, Meera Tambe, Savita Pingale, Arati Umap, Archana Umap, Nitin Shelar, Sampada Devchakke, Sharda Chaudhary, Suvarna Bondre, Savita Walke, Ashleshsa Gawhane, Anil Sapkal, Rupali Argade, Vijay Gaikwad, Sundeep Salvi, Bill Brashier, Jyoti Londhe, Sapna Madas, Akosua Francia Aikman, Bermet M. Estebesova, Meerim Akmatalieva, Saadat Usenbaeva, Jypara Kydyrova, Eliza Bostonova, Ulan Sheraliev, Nuridin Marajapov, Nurgul Toktogulova, Berik Emilov, Toktogul Azilova, Gulnara Beishekeeva, Nasyikat Dononbaeva, Aijamal Tabyshova, Wezzie Nyapigoti, Ernest Mwangoka, Mayamiko Kambwili, Martha Chipeta, Gloria Banda, Suzgo Mkandawire, Justice Banda, Siti Sholehah, Mohamed C. Benjelloun, Mohamed Elbiaze, E. F. M. Wouters, G. J. Wesseling, Olayemi Awopeju, Olufemi Adewole, Tina Endresen, Lene Svendsen, Asaad A. Nafees, Teresita S. de Guia, Norberto A. Francisco, Camilo C. Roa, Fernando G. Ayuyao, Cecil Z. Tady, Daniel T. Tan, Sylvia Banal-Yang, Vincent M. Balanag, Maria Teresita N. Reyes, Renato. B. Dantes, Renato B. Dantes, Lourdes Amarillo, Lakan U. Berratio, Lenora C. Fernandez, Gerard S. Garcia, Sullian S. Naval, Thessa Reyes, Ma. Flordeliza Sanchez, Leander P. Simpao, Jakub Frey, Rafal Harat, Pawel Nastalek, Andrzej Pajak, Wojciech Skucha, Andrzej Szczeklik, Magda Twardowska, Fátima Rodrigues, Hermínia Dias, João Cardoso, João Almeida, Maria João Matos, Paula Simão, Moutinho Santos, Reis Ferreira, M. Al Ghobain, H. Alorainy, E. El-Hamad, M. Al Hajjaj, A. Hashi, R. Dela, R. Fanuncio, E. Doloriel, I. Marciano, L. Safia, Desiree Adams, Edward Barnes, Jasper Freeman, Anton Hayes, Sipho Hlengwa, Christine Johannisen, Mariana Koopman, Innocentia Louw, Ina Ludick, Alta Olckers, Johanna Ryck, Janita Storbeck, Rajitha Wickremasinghe, Hana A. Elsadig, Nada Bakery Osman, Bandar Salah Noory, Monjda Awad Mohamed, Hasab Alrasoul Akasha Ahmed Osman, Namarig Moham ed Elhassan, Abdel Mu‘is El Zain, Marwa Mohamed Mohamaden, Suhaiba Khalifa, Mahmoud Elhadi, Mohand Hassan, Dalia Abdelmonam, Inga Sif Olafsdottir, Katarina Nisser, Ulrike Spetz-Nyström, Gunilla Hägg, Gun-Marie Lund, Terence Seemungal, Fallon Lutchmansingh, Liane Conyette, Myriam Denguezli, Zouhair Tabka, Hager Daldoul, Zaki Boukheroufa, Firas Chouikha, Wahbi Belhaj Khalifa, Attila Hancioglu, Ismail Hanta, Sedat Kuleci, Ahmet Sinan Turkyilmaz, Sema Umut, Turgay Unalan, Peter G. J. Burney, Hadia Azar, Caron Amor, James Potts, Michael Tumilty, Fiona McLean, Risha Dudhaiya, Mary Ann McBurnie, Suzanne Gillespie, Sean Sullivan, Todd A. Lee, Kevin B. Weiss, Robert L. Jensen, Robert Crapo, John Cain, Rebecca Copeland, Dana Hazen, Jennifer Methvin, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Pulmonologie, MUMC+: MA Longziekten (3), and Wellcome Trust

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, wa_754, Vital capacity, Passive smoking, multinational study, Respiratory System, AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, LOWER LIMIT, population-attributable risk, Environmental health, medicine, Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, PULMONARY-DISEASE, COPD, Population attributable risk, Risk factor, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, History of tuberculosis, business.industry, MORTALITY, ASSOCIATION, GLOBAL BURDEN, medicine.disease, Obstructive lung disease, REFERENCE VALUES, wf_20, chronic airflow obstruction, NEVER-SMOKERS, Relative risk, Attributable risk, OCCUPATION, wf_200, business, wf_600, wb_200
Abstract

Rationale: The Global Burden of Disease program identified smoking and ambient and household air pollution as the main drivers of death and disability from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: To estimate the attributable risk of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), a quantifiable characteristic of COPD, due to several risk factors. Methods: The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study is a cross-sectional study of adults, aged ≥40, in a globally distributed sample of 41 urban and rural sites. Based on data from 28,459 participants, we estimated the prevalence of CAO, defined as a postbronchodilator FEV1-to-FVC ratio less than the lower limit of normal, and the relative risks associated with different risk factors. Local relative risks were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model borrowing information from across sites. From these relative risks and the prevalence of risk factors, we estimated local population attributable risks. Measurements and Main Results: The mean prevalence of CAO was 11.2% in men and 8.6% in women. The mean population attributable risk for smoking was 5.1% in men and 2.2% in women. The next most influential risk factors were poor education levels, working in a dusty job for ≥10 years, low body mass index, and a history of tuberculosis. The risk of CAO attributable to the different risk factors varied across sites. Conclusions: Although smoking remains the most important risk factor for CAO, in some areas, poor education, low body mass index, and passive smoking are of greater importance. Dusty occupations and tuberculosis are important risk factors at some sites.

Published
2021

11. Design and Implementation of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring Algorithm on DSP for Small UAV Applications

Author

Muhammad Ali Akhtar, Hassan Sajjad Malik, Hira Imtiaz, and Muhammad Haroon Yousaf

Subjects
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring, business.industry, Computer science, 05 social sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, Navigation system, Fault detection and isolation, GNSS applications, Snapshot (computer storage), Position error, business, 050703 geography, Algorithm, Digital signal processing, Constellation
Abstract

We present the theoretical development of a simple Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) algorithm by modifying a Conventional Snapshot RAIM algorithm and its implementation on DSP platform. Integrity describes a navigation system capability to be responsible for well-timed warnings to users as soon as the satellite or whole constellation should not be used for navigation. RAIM algorithms detect, identify those satellite anomalies and failures and calculates the Protection Level (PL). PL is the 1east measurable position error along with the certain possibilities of missed detection and a false alert. The developed algorithm uses conventional snapshot based RAIM algorithm with some changes in the threshold measurements for the protection level calculations, which is then compared with a tested predefined threshold to provide precise positioning and a high level of integrity due to setting a very tight fault detection threshold and Protection Level. Final1y, the developed algorithm is implemented on DSP TMS320C641XX keeping the computational/processing requirements for RAIM Algorithm as low as possible and simulations are performed to compare the results.

Published
2019

12. Airflow Obstruction and Use of Solid Fuels for Cooking or Heating BOLD (Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease) Results

Author

André F. S. Amaral, Jaymini Patel, Bernet S. Kato, Daniel O. Obaseki, Hervé Lawin, Wan C. Tan, Sanjay K. Juvekar, Imed Harrabi, Michael Studnicka, Emiel F. M. Wouters, Li-Cher Loh, Eric D. Bateman, Kevin Mortimer, A. Sonia Buist, Peter G. J. Burney, NanShan Zhong, Shengming Liu, Jiachun Lu, Pixin Ran, Dali Wang, Jingping Zheng, Yumin Zhou, Ali Kocabaş, Attila Hancioglu, Ismail Hanta, Sedat Kuleci, Ahmet Sinan Turkyilmaz, Sema Umut, Turgay Unalan, Torkil Dawes, Bernd Lamprecht, Lea Schirhofer, Eric Bateman, Anamika Jithoo, Desiree Adams, Edward Barnes, Jasper Freeman, Anton Hayes, Sipho Hlengwa, Christine Johannisen, Mariana Koopman, Innocentia Louw, Ina Ludick, Alta Olckers, Johanna Ryck, Janita Storbeck, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benedikdtsdottir, Kristin Jörundsdottir, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun Gudmundsdottir, Gunnar Gundmundsson, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Jakub Frey, Rafal Harat, Filip Mejza, Pawel Nastalek, Andrzej Pajak, Wojciech Skucha, Andrzej Szczeklik, Magda Twardowska, Tobias Welte, Isabelle Bodemann, Henning Geldmacher, Alexandra Schweda-Linow, Amund Gulsvik, Tina Endresen, Lene Svendsen, Wen Wang, David M. Mannino, John Cain, Rebecca Copeland, Dana Hazen, Jennifer Methvin, Renato B. Dantes, Lourdes Amarillo, Lakan U. Berratio, Lenora C. Fernandez, Norberto A. Francisco, Gerard S. Garcia, Teresita S. de Guia, Luisito F. Idolor, Sullian S. Naval, Thessa Reyes, Camilo C. Roa, Ma. Flordeliza Sanchez, Leander P. Simpao, Christine Jenkins, Guy Marks, Tessa Bird, Paola Espinel, Kate Hardaker, Brett Toelle, Peter GJ Burney, Caron Amor, James Potts, Michael Tumilty, Fiona McLean, E. F. M. Wouters, G. J. Wesseling, Cristina Bárbara, Fátima Rodrigues, Hermínia Dias, João Cardoso, João Almeida, Maria João Matos, Paula Simão, Moutinho Santos, Reis Ferreira, Christer Janson, Inga Sif Olafsdottir, Katarina Nisser, Ulrike Spetz-Nyström, Gunilla Hägg, Gun-Marie Lund, Rain Jõgi, Hendrik Laja, Katrin Ulst, Vappu Zobel, Toomas-Julius Lill, Parvaiz A Koul, Sajjad Malik, Nissar A Hakim, Umar Hafiz Khan, Rohini Chowgule, Vasant Shetye, Jonelle Raphael, Rosel Almeda, Mahesh Tawde, Rafiq Tadvi, Sunil Katkar, Milind Kadam, Rupesh Dhanawade, Umesh Ghurup, Myriam Denguezli, Zouhair Tabka, Hager Daldoul, Zaki Boukheroufa, Firas Chouikha, Wahbi Belhaj Khalifa, Fernando G. Ayuyao, Cecil Z. Tady, Daniel T. Tan, Sylvia Banal-Yang, Vincent M. Balanag, Maria Teresita N. Reyes, Renato. B. Dantes, Sanjay Juvekar, Siddhi Hirve, Somnath Sambhudas, Bharat Chaidhary, Meera Tambe, Savita Pingale, Arati Umap, Archana Umap, Nitin Shelar, Sampada Devchakke, Sharda Chaudhary, Suvarna Bondre, Savita Walke, Ashleshsa Gawhane, Anil Sapkal, Rupali Argade, Vijay Gaikwad, Sundeep Salvi, Bill Brashier, Jyoti Londhe, Sapna Madas, Mohamed C Benjelloun, Chakib Nejjari, Mohamed Elbiaze, Karima El Rhazi, Daniel Obaseki, Gregory Erhabor, Olayemi Awopeju, Olufemi Adewole, M. Al Ghobain, H. Alorainy, E. El-Hamad, M. Al Hajjaj, H. Ayan, D. Rowena, F. Rofel, E. Elizabeth, I. Imelda, H. Safia, null Lyla, Talant M. Sooronbaev, Bermet M. Estebesova, Meerim Akmatalieva, Saadat Usenbaeva, Jypara Kydyrova, Eliza Bostonova, Ulan Sheraliev, Nuridin Marajapov, Nurgul Toktogulova, Berik Emilov, Toktogul Azilova, Gulnara Beishekeeva, Nasyikat Dononbaeva, null AijamalTabyshova, Wezzie Nyapigoti, Ernest Mwangoka, Mayamiko Kambwili, Martha Chipeta, Gloria Banda, Suzgo Mkandawire, Justice Banda, Asma Elsony, Hana A. Elsadig, Nada Bakery Osman, Bandar Salah Noory, Monjda Awad Mohamed, Hasab Alrasoul Akasha Ahmed Osman, Namarig Moham ed Elhassan, Abdel Mu‘is El Zain, Marwa Mohamed Mohamaden, Suhaiba Khalifa, Mahmoud Elhadi, Mohand Hassan, Dalia Abdelmonam, Hasan Hafizi, Anila Aliko, Donika Bardhi, Holta Tafa, Natasha Thanasi, Arian Mezini, Alma Teferici, Dafina Todri, Jolanda Nikolla, Rezarta Kazasi, Hamid Hacene Cherkaski, Amira Bengrait, Tabarek Haddad, Ibtissem Zgaoula, Maamar Ghit, Abdelhamid Roubhia, Soumaya Boudra, Feryal Atoui, Randa Yakoubi, Rachid Benali, Abdelghani Bencheikh, Nadia Ait-Khaled, Akramul Islam, Syed Masud Ahmed, Shayla Islam, Qazi Shafayetul Islam, null Mesbah-Ul-Haque, Tridib Roy Chowdhury, Sukantha Kumar Chatterjee, Dulal Mia, Shyamal Chandra Das, Mizanur Rahman, Nazrul Islam, Shahaz Uddin, Nurul Islam, Luiza Khatun, Monira Parvin, Abdul Awal Khan, Maidul Islam, Abdul Rashid, Siti Sholehah, Herve Lawin, Arsene Kpangon, Karl Kpossou, Gildas Agodokpessi, Paul Ayelo, Benjamin Fayomi, Pulmonologie, MUMC+: MA Longziekten (3), and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic bronchitis, solid fuels (biomass), Pulmonary disease, Biomass smoke, urologic and male genital diseases, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Airflow obstruction, airflow obstruction, Lower limit, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LOWER LIMIT, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, BIOMASS SMOKE, POLLUTION, low-income countries, Internal medicine, YOUNG-ADULTS, PULMONARY-DISEASE, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, CHIMNEY STOVE INTERVENTION, COPD, business.industry, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Solid fuel, REFERENCE VALUES, respiratory tract diseases, CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS, 030228 respiratory system, NEVER-SMOKERS, Reference values, Cardiology, RISK-FACTORS, business
Abstract

Rationale: Evidence supporting the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or airflow obstruction with use of solid fuels is conflicting and inconsistent. Objectives: To assess the association of airflow obstruction with self-reported use of solid fuels for cooking or heating. Methods: We analyzed 18,554 adults from the BOLD (Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease) study, who had provided acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry measurements, and information on use of solid fuels. The association of airflow obstruction with use of solid fuels for cooking or heating was assessed by sex, within each site, using regression analysis. Estimates were stratified by national income and meta-analyzed. We performed similar analyses for spirometric restriction, chronic cough, and chronic phlegm. Measurements and Main Results: We found no association between airflow obstruction and use of solid fuels for cooking or heating (odds ratio [OR] for men, 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94–1.53]; OR for women, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.67–1.15]). This was true for low-/middle- and high-income sites. Among never-smokers, there was also no evidence of an association of airflow obstruction with use of solid fuels (OR for men, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.57–1.76]; OR for women, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.76–1.32]). Overall, we found no association of spirometric restriction, chronic cough, or chronic phlegm with the use of solid fuels. However, we found that chronic phlegm was more likely to be reported among female never-smokers and those who had been exposed for 20 years or longer. Conclusions: Airflow obstruction assessed from post-bronchodilator spirometry was not associated with use of solid fuels for cooking or heating.

Published
2018

13. Da’esh and Global Terrorism: Analyzing Nexus and Threats

Author

Muhammad Sajjad Malik

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Economy, Global terrorism, Political science, Terrorism, Spring (hydrology), Materials Chemistry, Nexus (standard)
Abstract

After unsettling some of the leading regional countries, the ‘Arab Spring’ reached in Syria in 2011. The violent forces it unleashed had widespread and dangerous implications for the region and the...

Published
2018

16. Investigating Variations/SNPs in AUH Gene Causing 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type I

Author

Bukhari, Sarah, Aziz, Omer, and Sajjad, Malik

Abstract

A Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a source variation in a genome. The AUH gene gives guidance about how to generate an enzyme named 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase. Mutations in AUH gene leads to 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type I disease. The authors used multiple bioinformatics tools SIFT, Provean, PolyPhen, PHD-SNP, I-Mutant, ConSurf server and Project HOPE to isolate missense SNPs that should be deleterious to the structure and function of the AUH protein. This research aims to analyze the impact of missense SNPs on the structure and function of AUH protein. There have been a total of 259 Missense SNPs obtained, of which 13 mutations were identified as deleterious to the structure and function of the AUH protein. This is the first study in relation to AUH gene missense SNPs where most damaging SNPs associated with the AUH gene were examined using computational analysis. This research could be useful in designing specific medicines for treatment of genomic variation diseases.

Published
2021
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17. Optimal Scheduling of Residential Home Appliances by Considering Energy Storage and Stochastically Modelled Photovoltaics in a Grid Exchange Environment Using Hybrid Grey Wolf Genetic Algorithm Optimizer.

Author

Iqbal, Muhammad Muzaffar, Sajjad, Malik Intisar Ali, Amin, Salman, Haroon, Shaikh Saaqib, Liaqat, Rehan, Khan, Muhammad Faisal Nadeem, Waseem, Muhammad, and Shah, Muhammad Athar

Subjects
GENETIC algorithms, HOUSEHOLD appliances, ENERGY storage, RENEWABLE energy sources, SMART power grids, PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
Abstract

The transformation of a conventional power system to a smart grid has been underway over the last few decades. A smart grid provides opportunities to integrate smart homes with renewable energy resources (RERs). Moreover, it encourages the residential consumers to regulate their home energy consumption in an effective way that suits their lifestyle and it also helps to preserve the environment. Keeping in mind the techno-economic reasons for household energy management, active participation of consumers in grid operations is necessary for peak reduction, valley filling, strategic load conservation, and growth. In this context, this paper presents an efficient home energy management system (HEMS) for consumer appliance scheduling in the presence of an energy storage system and photovoltaic generation with the intention to reduce the energy consumption cost determined by the service provider. To study the benefits of a home-to-grid (H2G) energy exchange in HEMS, photovoltaic generation is stochastically modelled by considering an energy storage system. The prime consideration of this paper is to propose a hybrid optimization approach based on heuristic techniques, grey wolf optimization, and a genetic algorithm termed a hybrid grey wolf genetic algorithm to model HEMS for residential consumers with the objectives to reduce energy consumption cost and the peak-to-average ratio. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through simulations performed for a residential consumer with several domestic appliances and their scheduling preferences by considering real-time pricing and critical peak-pricing tariff signals. Results related to the reduction in the peak-to-average ratio and energy cost demonstrate that the proposed hybrid optimization technique performs well in comparison with different meta-heuristic techniques available in the literature. The findings of the proposed methodology can further be used to calculate the impact of different demand response signals on the operation and reliability of a power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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18. Characterisation and Flexibility Assessment of Aggregate Electrical Demand

Author

Sajjad, MALIK INTISAR ALI

Subjects
beta distribution, entrepreneurship, smart (mini)grids, Load variation pattern, statistical computation, demand side flexibility, microgrid, demand response, aggregate residential loads, binomial distribution, confidence intervals, scenario generation, probabilistic model, business model, innovations, social welfare, Settore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici per L'Energia
Published
2015

22. Pilomatrix Carcinoma of the Thoracic Spine: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Author

Sajjad Malik, Sanjay Yadia, John K. Ratliff, Lawrence C. Kenyon, Eric Gressen, Moshe Chasky, and Ciro Randazzo

Subjects
Male, 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, Pathologic fracture, medicine.medical_treatment, Context (language use), Bone Neoplasms, Case Reports, Thoracic Vertebrae, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Carcinoma, Adjuvant therapy, Humans, Clinical significance, business.industry, medicine.disease, Pilomatrixoma, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Spine, Surgery, Radiation therapy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Thoracic vertebrae, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, 0305 other medical science, business, Hair Diseases, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Context Pilomatrixoma is a common head and neck neoplasm in children. Its malignant counterpart, pilomatrix carcinoma, is rare and found more often in men. Method Case report of a 21-year-old man with pilomatrixoma of the thoracic spine that underwent malignant degeneration to pilomatrix carcinoma. Findings The appearance of a painless mobile axillary mass was followed by severe back pain 1 year later. Imaging revealed a compression fracture at the T5 level. The patient underwent resection of the axillary mass and spinal reconstruction of the fracture; the pathology was consistent with synchronous benign pilomatrixomas. Three months later he presented with a recurrence of the spinal lesion and underwent further surgical resection; the pathology was consistent with pilomatrix carcinoma. He received adjuvant radiotherapy and at his 1-year follow-up examination had no sign of recurrence. Conclusion/clinical relevance Pilomatrix carcinoma involving the spine is a rare occurrence. It has a high incidence of local recurrence, and wide excision may be necessary to reduce this risk. Radiotherapy may be a helpful adjuvant therapy. Clinicians should be aware of this entity because of its potential for distant metastasis.

Published
2010

24. High altitude pulmonary edema among 'Amarnath Yatris'

Author

Sanaullah Shah, Sajjad R Bazaz, Parvaiz A Koul, Umar Hafiz Khan, Wasim Rashid, Sajjad Malik, Tajamul Hussain, Ajaz Nabi Koul, and Rafi A Jan

Subjects
lcsh:RC705-779, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Nausea, business.industry, Encephalopathy, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, medicine.disease, Altitude illness, Tachypnea, Surgery, Hypoxemia, Cerebral edema, cerebral edema, Altitude, mountain sickness, pilgrimage, High-altitude pulmonary edema, medicine, Original Article, pulmonary edema, medicine.symptom, business, Altitude sickness
Abstract

Background: Annual pilgrimage (Yatra) to the cave shrine of Shri Amarnath Ji′ is a holy ritual among the Hindu devotees of Lord Shiva. Located in the Himalayan Mountain Range (altitude 13,000 ft) in south Kashmir, the shrine is visited by thousands of devotees and altitude sickness is reportedly common. Materials and Methods: More than 600,000 pilgrims visited the cave shrine in 2011 and 2012 with 239 recorded deaths. Thirty one patients with suspected altitude sickness were referred from medical centers en-route the cave to Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary-care center in capital Srinagar (5,000 ft). The clinical features and the response to treatment were recorded. Results: Thirty-one patients (all lowlanders, 19 male; age 18-60 years, median 41) had presented with acute onset breathlessness of 1-4 days (median 1.9 d) starting within 12-24 h of a rapid ascent; accompanied by cough (68%), headache (8%), dizziness and nausea (65%). Sixteen patients had associated encephalopathy. Clinical features on admission included tachypnea ( n = 31), tachycardia ( n = 23), bilateral chest rales ( n = 29), cyanosis ( n = 22) and grade 2-4 encephalopathy. Hypoxemia was demonstrable in 24 cases and bilateral infiltrates on radiologic imaging in 29. Ten patients had evidence of high-altitude cerebral edema. All patients were managed with oxygen, steroids, nifedipine, sildenafil and other supportive measures including invasive ventilation ( n = 3). Three patients died due to multiorgan dysfunction. Conclusions: Altitude sickness is common among Amaranath Yatris from the plains and appropriate educational strategies should be invoked for prevention and prompt treatment.

Published
2013

25. Pakistan reflects on acid attacks.

Author

Sajjad, Malik

Subjects
FILM reviewing
Abstract

The article reviews the film "Saving Face," co-directed by Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy and Daniel Junge.

Published
2012

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