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The current research work is related to present the numerical solutions of three-species food chain model (TS-FCM) by exploiting the strength of Meyer wavelet neural networks (MWNNs) along with the global and local search competencies. The particle swarm optimization technique works as a global operator, while the sequential quadratic programming scheme is applied as a local operator for the TS-FCM. The nonlinear TS-FCM is dependent upon three categories, called consistent of prey populations, specialist predator and top predator. The optimization of an error-based fitness function is presented by using the hybrid computing efficiency of the global and local search schemes, which is designed through the differential form of the designed ordinary differential model and its initial conditions. The proposed results of the TS-FCM are calculated through the stochastic numerical techniques and further comparison is performed by the Adams method to check the exactness of the scheme. The absolute error in good ranges is performed, which shows the competency of the proposed solver. Moreover, different statistical procedures have also been used to check the reliability of the proposed stochastic procedure along with forty numbers of independent trials and 10 numbers of neurons.

The purpose of this work is to present the stochastic computing study based on the artificial neural networks (ANNs) along with the scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), ANNs-SCG for solving the predator-prey delay differential system of Holling form-III. The mathematical form of the predator-prey delay differential system of Holling form-III is categorized into prey class, predator category and the recent past effects. Three variations of the predator-prey delay differential system of Holling form-III have been numerical stimulated by using the stochastic ANNs-SCG procedure. The selection of the data to solve the predator-prey delay differential system of Holling form-III is provided as 13%, 12% and 75% for testing, training, and substantiation together with 15 neurons. The correctness and exactness of the stochastic ANNs-SCG method is provided by using the comparison of the obtained and data-based reference solutions. The constancy, authentication, soundness, competence, and precision of the stochastic ANNs-SCG technique is performed through the analysis of the correlation measures, state transitions (STs), regression analysis, correlation, error histograms (EHs) and MSE.

In this paper the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), is applied to find the approximate solution of Hirota-Satsuma coupled (KdV) equations, which don't need a small parameter for solution. The results obtained by HAM is compared with exact solution, the results divulge that the Homotopy Analysis Method are most accurate, closed and suitable to exact solution of the equation, as compare to Homotopy Perturbation Method. It is predicated that the HAM can be found usually.

The present study is related to the effects of activation energy and thermophoretic diffusion on steady micropolar fluid along with Brownian motion. The activation energy and thermal conductivity of steady micropolar fluid are also discussed. The equation of motion, angular momentum, temperature, concentration, and their boundary conditions are presented for the micropolar fluid. The detail of geometry reveals the effects of several parameters on the parts of the system. The nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and a famous shooting scheme is used to present the numerical solutions. The comparison of the obtained results by the shooting technique and the numerical bvp4c technique is presented. The behavior of local skin friction numbers and couple stress number is tabulated for different parameters, and some figures are plotted to present the different parameters. For uplifting the values of AE for parameter λA, the concentration profile is increased because of the Arrhenius function, and AE increases with the reduction of this function. The increasing values of the parameter of rotation G show the decrement in velocity because of the rotation of the particle of the fluid, so the linear motion decreases. Thermophoresis is responsible for shifting the molecules within the fluid, and due to this, an increment in boundary layer thickness is found, so by a greater value of Nt, the concentration profile decreases and temperature profile goes down.

This paper presents the analysis of the process of blade coating through a computational intensive method for an incompressible Newtonian fluid along with Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The slip between the substrate and the fluid is also taken into account. The nature of the existing steady solutions has been investigated with the help of exact and numerical methods. Those obtained exact solutions include the solutions for the velocity profiles, volumetric flow rate and pressure gradient. The important engineering quantities like maximum pressure, pressure distribution and load are also computed. It is assumed that the relative velocity between the plate and the fluid is proportional to the shear rate at the plate. An external magnetic field is applied normal to the plates. It is observed and concluded that both slip parameter and the magnetic field parameter serve as the controlling parameters in the industrial blade coating process.

The present paper presents the comparison of analytical techniques. We establish the existence of the phenomena of the noise terms in the perturbation series solution and find the exact solution of the nonlinear problems. If the noise terms exist, the Homotopy Analysis method gives the same series solution as in Adomian Decomposition Method as well as homotopy Perturbation Method (Wahab et al, 2015) and we get the exact solution using the initial guess in Homotopy Analysis Method using the results obtained by Adomian Decomposition Method.

This paper deals with the approximate analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates. The homotopy perturbation method is used to get the analytical approximation. Depending upon different available choices for the linear operator, we also have the advantage to choose different initial approximations to start our analysis. The analysis is done without calculating the Adomian's polynomials.

In this paper, the homotopy analysis method is applied to the non-linear reaction-diffusion system of Lotka-Volterra type subject of extensive numerical and analytical studies. The comparisons of the other analytical techniques are presented in tables to show the accuracy of this method. The results show that the homotopy analysis method is more reliable than the other available techniques giving the advantage of the choice of some quantities such as initial guess, auxiliary function, an auxiliary parameter that play an important role in the convergence of the series solution.

The main aim of the current study is to determine the effects of the temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a non-Newtonian fluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet. The viscosity of the fluid depends on stratifications. Moreover, Powell−Eyring fluid is electrically conducted subject to a non-uniform applied magnetic field. Assume a small magnetic reynolds number and boundary layer approximation are applied in the mathematical formulation. Zero nano-particles mass flux condition to the sheet is considered. The governing model is transformed into the system of nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) system by using suitable transformations so-called similarity transformation. In order to calculate the solution of the problem, we use the higher order convergence method, so-called shooting method followed by Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RK45) method. The impacts of different physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are analyzed and discussed. The parameters of engineering interest, i.e., skin fraction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are studied numerically as well. We concluded that the velocity profile decreases by increasing the values of S t , H and M. Also, we have analyzed the variation of temperature and concentration profiles for different physical parameters.

The objective of this paper is to compare two methods employed for solving nonlinear problems, namely the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). To this effect we solve the Navier‐Stokes equations for the unsteady flow between two circular plates approaching each other symmetrically. The comparison between HPM and ADM is bench‐marked against a numerical solution. The results show that the ADM is more reliable and efficient than HPM from a computational viewpoint. The ADM requires slightly more computational effort than the HPM, but it yields more accurate results than the HPM. First published online: 10 Feb 2011