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Scirtes rutai nom. nov. = Scirtes beccus Ruta, Kiałka & Yoshitomi, 2014 Notes. Scirtes beccus Ruta, Kiałka & Yoshitomi, 2014 from Kinabalu Park, Ranu, Sabah is preoccupied by Scirtes beccus Watts, 2004. We propose the replacement name, Scirtes rutai, after Rafał Ruta of Wroclaw in recognition of his extensive and important work on the Scirtes of Southeast Asia., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 527, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Ruta, R., Kialka, A. & Yoshitomi, H. (2014) A supplement to the revision of the Scirtes flavoguttatus species-group (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae). Zootaxa, 3901 (1), 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3902.1.1","Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168."]}

Ora improtecta Watts, 2004 Notes. This species remains little known and no specimens were available for our DNA study. Morphologically it is distinct from the two other Australian species in the genus, which appear to be more typical of the genus, and its position in Ora is problematic. In this context it needs to be recognized that Ora is a poorly characterized cosmopolitan genus much in need of a revision. There is a recent specimen in the South Australian Museum���s collection from Halmahera, Indonesia. It is thus probable that the species is widespread in the islands to the north of Australia., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168."]}

Scirtes serratus sp. nov. (Figs 18, 27) Type material. Holotype ♂, “SA 1 Km S Nangwarry 22/9/07 CHS Watts/ Bred from larva/ On slide with larval exuviae”, SAMA. Description (number examined, 1). Habitus. Length approximately 3.4 mm, oval. Head. Testaceous. Antenna light testaceous, basal antennomeres lighter. Eyes rather small, width between eyes dorsally about 3.2× dorsal width of eye. Setae moderately long. Frons with sides moderately diverging, front edge weakly concave, edges weakly beaded. Antennomere 1 of antenna barrel-shaped; antennomere 2 about two-thirds as long and not much narrower, barrel-shaped; antennomere 3 about same size as antennomere 2, slightly narrower, wider towards apex; antennomere 4 about 2× length of antennomere 3; antennomeres 5–10 subequal, narrow, cylindrical, a little shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 elongate/oval, 1.5× length of and flatter than antennomere 10. Pronotum. Testaceous; broad, 2.2× as wide as long. Punctures moderately large, about a puncture width apart, each puncture with a moderately long golden seta. Hind angles weakly obtuse, front edge sinuate, margins weakly beaded. Scutellar shield. Testaceous. Equilateral triangle, lateral sides weakly convex. Elytra. Testaceous. Sides weakly flanged in basal third. Strongly and evenly punctate, somewhat larger than on pronotum, most punctures less than a puncture width apart or less, each puncture with a moderately long pale seta. Epipleuron relatively wide in front quarter becoming narrower over rest of elytron, front portion flat. Ventral surface. Testaceous. Pronotal process very narrow at apex. Mesoventral notch “U”-shaped. Mesoventral process long, narrow, reaching to metaventrite. Metacoxal plate almost square, anterior-lateral corner extending a short way along metaventrite; hind edge straight; sides beaded, posterolateral angles rounded. Metatrochanter small, relatively squat, about 1.2× as long as wide. Metafemur greatly swollen, widest a little before middle, weakly notched on rear margin near apex. Dorsal metatibial spine relatively short, about a third length of ventral spine, ventral spine about two-thirds length of segment 1 of metatarsus; segment 1 of metatarsus a little longer than other segments combined. Ventrites with very small, shallow punctures each with a short seta; reticulation moderate, fine, more pronounced towards rear. Male. Basal piece short, round; trigonium long and thin, 1.6× length of basal piece; tip rounded; ventral edge deeply serrated; two parameroids, right hand one a little shorter than trigonium with weak apical hook, left hand one broad, apex rounded, about a third length of right hand one. Tegmen as long as penis, lobes thin, elongate, well separated (Fig. 18). Abdominal segments not known. Female. Not known. Etymology. Name refers to the serrated ventral edge of the trigonium. Notes. Known from only one specimen reared from a larva collected from a shallow seasonal swamp. The failure to collect more over several springs suggests that the species is rare. It will run to S. orientalis in the key in Watts (2004) but can be separated by the strongly serrated ventral edge of the trigonium. The larva is known from a single exuvia in poor condition, lacking terminal abdominal segments. It will run to the S. helmsi / S. orientalis couplet in the key to Australian Scirtes larvae in Watts (2014). It is larger than S. orientalis (approximately 8 mm long vs 6 mm) and larger than S. lynnae with which it is sympatric. It cannot be separated from S. helmsi, which also occurs in the vicinity, on the limited material available.

Scirtes zwicki sp. nov. (Figs 23, 24) Type material. Holotype ♂, ���NT Holmes Jungle/CHS Watts 10/1/14 / at light.���, NTM. Paratypes 12 ♂, 1 ♀ as for holotype, SAMA. Description (number of dissected males examined, 13). Habitus. Length 2.5���2.9 mm, elongate oval. Head. Area between eyes black, frons light testaceous, division between areas of colour distinct. Antenna light testaceous, becoming darker towards apex. Eyes moderately large, width between eyes dorsally about 3.0�� dorsal width of eye. Setae moderately long, pale. Frons with sides moderately diverging, front edge weakly concave, edges quite strongly beaded. Antennomere 1 of antenna barrel-shaped; antennomere 2 about half as long, narrower, barrel-shaped: antennomere 3 about as long as antennomere 2, about half as wide, widening towards apex; antennomere 4 about twice length of antennomere 3; antennomeres 5���10 subequal, narrow, cylindrical, a little shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 elongate/oval, a little longer and flatter than antennomere 10, 1.6�� length of and flatter than antennomere 10. Pronotum. Central half dark testaceous-black, margins abruptly light testaceous. Short, 2.3�� as wide as long. Punctures moderately sized, about 1.5 puncture widths apart, each puncture with a moderately long pale seta. Hind angles weakly obtuse, front edge sinuate, margins weakly beaded. Scutellar shield. Light testaceous. Equilateral triangle, lateral sides weakly convex. Elytron. Light testaceous, area adjacent to scutellum sometimes darker. Sides weakly flanged in basal third. Moderately and evenly punctate, most punctures about 1.5 puncture widths apart, each puncture with a short pale seta. Epipleuron relatively wide in front quarter, becoming narrower over rest of elytron, front portion flat. Ventral surface. Light testaceous, prosternum often diffusely darker. Prosternal process very narrow. Receiving notch on mesoventrite well-marked, narrowly diamond-shaped, reaching past front of mesocoxae. Mesoventral process long, narrow, reaching to metaventrite. Anterior extension of metaventrite in midline small, triangular, not bounded behind by ridge; rear midline extension of metaventrite short, about twice as wide as long. Metacoxal plate square, anterior-lateral corner extending about half way along metaventrite; hind edge weakly angled towards midline; sides beaded, posterolateral angles rounded. Metatrochanter small, elongate, about 1.7�� as long as wide. Metafemur greatly swollen, widest about middle, weakly notched on rear margin near apex. Dorsal metatibial spine relatively short, about twice length of ventral spine and about half length of segment 1 of metatarsus; segment 1 of metatarsus a little longer than other segments combined. Ventrites with small, shallow punctures each with a short seta, reticulation moderate, fine. Male. Little external difference between the sexes. Basal piece of penis indistinct, trigonium very long and thin, apical half bifid, lobes weakly paddle-shaped; without parameroids. Tegmen a little more than half as long as penis, lobes thin, elongate, well separated. Apices broad with two well-developed sharply pointed lobes (Fig. 23e). Sternite 9: well developed, elongate, apical portion bullet-shaped with strongly sclerotized apical cap, apodemes about twice as long as apical portion, anterior ends fused (Fig. 23c). Tergite 9: membranous, without setae, apodemes moderately long (Fig. 23a). Tergite 8: relatively narrow, moderately sclerotized, apical portion with ruffled margin, without setae, apodemes weakly sclerotized, a little longer than apical portion, weakly diverging (Fig. 23b). Female. Coxites broad, elongate/triangular with numerous pores, styli small, narrowly oval, positioned slightly inside of apex. Bursal sclerite well developed, anterior end rounded behind which is a flared structure with two variable rows of short spines (Fig. 10). Prehensor either fused with basal sclerite or absent. Etymology. Named after Peter Zwick, a long time student of Australian Scirtidae who has helped CHSW significantly in his studies of the family. Notes. A small species easily recognised by the black areas on the head and pronotum strongly contrasting with the testaceous elytra, greatly swollen metafemora and the large, relatively close-set eyes. Collected from or near riverine rainforest in coastal Northern Territory. It will run to S. emmaae in the key in Watts (2004), but can be separated by its smaller size and extremely elongate bifid penis (Fig. 23). Larva. Not known., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on pages 523-524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168."]}

Scirtes lynnae sp. nov. (Figs 20, 26) Type material. Holotype ♂, ���SA 1 Km S Nangwarry 37 33 140 46 20/10 /14 CHS Watts/ Bred from larva.���, SAMA. Paratype ♂ as for holotype, SAMA. Description (number examined, 2). Habitus. Length 2.2���2.4 mm, oval. Head. Dark testaceous; antenna testaceous, basal antennomeres lighter. Eyes rather small, width between eyes about 3.8�� dorsal width of eye. Setae moderately long, pale. Frons with sides weakly diverging, front edge straight, edges weakly beaded. Antennomere 1 of antenna narrowly barrel-shaped; antennomere 2 about three-quarters as long and not much narrower, barrel-shaped; antennomere 3 about three-quarters length of antennomere 2, slightly narrower, wider towards apex; antennomere 4 about 1.5�� length of antennomere 3; antennomeres 5���10 subequal, narrow, cylindrical, a little shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 elongate/oval, 1.4�� length of and flatter than antennomere 10. Pronotum. Dark testaceous; broad, 2.7�� as wide as long. Punctures moderately large, about a puncture width apart, each puncture with a moderately long golden seta. Hind angles weakly obtuse, front edge sinuate, margins weakly beaded. Scutellar shield. Testaceous. Equilateral triangle, lateral sides weakly convex. Elytra. Light testaceous, base and humeral angles darker. Sides weakly flanged in basal third. Strongly and evenly punctate, somewhat larger than on pronotum, most punctures less than a puncture width apart or less, each puncture with a moderately long pale seta. Epipleuron relatively wide in front quarter, becoming narrower over rest of elytron, front portion flat. Ventral surface. Testaceous. Pronotal process very narrow at apex. Mesoventral notch ���U���-shaped. Mesoventral process long, narrow, reaching to metaventrite. Metacoxal plate almost square, anterior-lateral corner extending a short way along metaventrite; hind edge straight; sides beaded, posterolateral angles rounded. Metatrochanter small, relatively squat, about 1.2�� as long as wide. Metafemur greatly swollen, widest a little before middle, weakly notched on rear margin near apex. Dorsal metatibial spine, about half length of ventral spine, ventral spine about two-thirds length of segment 1 of metatarsus; segment 1 of metatarsus a little longer than other segments combined. Ventrites with very small, shallow punctures each with a short seta, reticulation moderate, fine, more pronounced towards rear. Male. Basal piece short, round; trigonium long, broad at base, evenly narrowing to rounded tip, about 2�� length of pala; ventral edge smooth; two parameroids, right hand one about half length of trigonium, thin, without apical hook, left hand parameroid very small, oval. Tegmen two-thirds as long as penis, lobes thin, finger-like, well separated (Fig. 20). Tergite 8 broad short, apodemes straight well sclerotized. Tergite 9 smaller and weaker. Sternite 8 not known. Female. Not known. Etymology. Named after Lynn Strefford of the South Australian Museum who has very competently done much of the unsung administrative work in support of our studies over many years. Notes. In small size and dark colour it greatly resembles Scirtes pinjarraensis but differs from that species in the straight right parameroid, and the absence of spines at the apex of the trigonium (Fig. 22). Sequence data (Fig. 1) place the species as sister species to S. orientalis. In the key to Australian Scirtes in Watts (2004) it will run to S. brisbanensis / S. pinjarraensis, but can be separated from S. brisbanensis by its small size, rounded rather than pointed apex of the trigonium and dark rather than mainly chestnut coloured dorsal surface and from S. pinjarraensis by the very different apex of the trigonium (Figs 20, 22). The small black larvae were abundant in a drying pool in a reed/weed choked swamp. Larvae. Scirtes lynnae runs to the S. helmsi / S. orientalis couplet in Watts (2014). Its small size separates it from S. helmsi and also S. serratus with which it is sympatric. It differs from S. orientalis in generally having fewer claw teeth (6���7 vs 7���9) and broader tergite 9. From Scirtes triangularis, which also runs to S. orientalis, it differs in its smaller size and single row of palisade setae on the clypeolabrum (Fig. 26)., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on pages 525-526, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168."]}

Scirtes elegans species group (Yoshitomi 2009) Yoshitomi (2009) defined the S. elegans group as ���having the tegmen connected to an asymmetrical penis���. We add: first segment of labial palpus as long as second, mandible incisivus long, metatrochanter elongate, caudal margin of sternite 7 moderately concave. The relationship between tegmen and penis perhaps could be described as having the elements of each complexly intermingled (Fig. 21). Within the group the female of only one species is known���that of the only Australian species, S. albamaculatus, from North Queensland. Assuming that the female of S. albamaculatus is representative of the group we could also add: members are dark coloured with white/cream macula or stripes on the elytra and females with elytral excitators (Fig. 31) and a ring-like bursal sclerite (Fig. 6). No larvae have been described. The Scirtes elegans group as presently defined has only three species, S. elegans from Malaysia, S. albamaculatus from Australia and S. albotaeniatus Yoshitomi from Guam. The sequence data place S. albamaculatus as unique within Australian Scirtes. However, it also strongly links S. albamaculatus to S. teruhisai Yoshitomi & Ruta from Borneo (Fig. 1) which is the only representative of the species-rich Southeast Asian S. flavoguttatus group (Yoshitomi & Ruta 2010; Ruta et al. 2014) included in our study. This placement is not unexpected as a number of species currently placed in this group have female excitators, pale colour patterns on the elytra, all have fused tegmen and penis and some, e.g. S. sarawakensis Ruta & Yoshitomi, have an aedeagus approaching the complexity seen in S. albamaculatus. The form of the mandible and labial palpus also point to membership of the S. flavoguttatus group. With the discovery of additional species in the S. flavoguttatus group in Southeast Asia (Ruta et al. 2014) the distinction between these two groups has become rather tenuous and relies on the asymmetric rather than symmetric penis. The strong linkage of S. albamaculatus and S. teruhisai by the sequence data suggests that the two species belong in the same species group. However, with only one species of each group available to us we feel it is premature to formally combine these species groups on the results of this study., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Yoshitomi, H. (2009) The Scirtes (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae) of Micronesia. Zootaxa, 1974, 1 - 16."]}

Scirtes helmsi species group (Watts 2004) Defined here as: broadly oval; mandible incisivus relatively short, first segment of labial palpus shorter than second, caudal margin of metacoxal plates straight or nearly so, caudal margin of sternite 7 truncated rather than concave, metatrochanters elongate-oval, 2.0�� as long as wide, aedeagus asymmetrical, pala well developed, one or two parameroids, typically the right hand one longer and with an apical hook; tegmen variable, usually simple, parameres simple, usually long and thin but sometimes broader and tending to wrap around the penis but are never fused with it (Watts 2004) (Figs 18���20); female coxites and styles elongate, prehensor moderately developed, occasionally absent, basal sclerite typically pelican-bill-like but occasionally ring-shaped with internal prongs or bullet-shaped with internal spines (Figs 7���16). Larva with maxillary palpus four-segmented, five anal papillae and mandible with single-pointed incisivus. Most of the species of Australian Scirtes studied fell into this group. The sequence data identified two major subgroupings with some internal substructure within each. There is no correlation between the different female prehensors and bursal sclerites and the sequence data. The male terminalia of S. zwicki are quite unlike those of other species in the group (and from any other known Scirtes species), having elongate, symmetrical genitalia and a greatly modified sternite 9. Sternite 8 appears to be missing (Fig. 23). Genetically it is unequivocally within the S. helmsi subgroup (Fig. 1). There are 27 described species in the Scirtes helmsi group in Australia (Watts 2004 & this paper). Yoshitomi & Ruta (2010) noted the close similarity of 11 New Caledonian species with Australian species. From the illustrations of the male genitalia, S. babeldaobensis Yoshitomi from Micronesia in Yoshitomi (2009) and possibly S. zerchei Klausnitzer from Luzon Island may also belong in the S. helmsi group., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168.","Yoshitomi, H. (2009) The Scirtes (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae) of Micronesia. Zootaxa, 1974, 1 - 16."]}

Scirtes brisbanensis Pic, 1956 / Scirtes triangularis Watts, 2004 Notes. In Cooper et al. (2014) it was noted that two closely related taxa, each represented by a single female and both identified as Scirtes brisbanensis, were present at Mt Molloy in North Queensland. With access to additional specimens, including males, the present study shows that one specimen was S. brisbanensis and the other S. triangularis (Fig. 1). Larva. A single larva of S. triangularis is now known, identified by DNA sequencing. In the key to the larvae of Australian Scirtes in Watts (2014) it runs to the S. helmsi / S. orientalis couplet. However, it is smaller than S. helmsi (head width 0.9 mm vs 1.2 mm) and with fewer setae on tergite 1 (8 vs 30���40). From the similar sized S. orientalis it differs in having a more uneven row of palisade setae on the clypeolabrum (Fig. 28) and eight rather than nine claw teeth but is otherwise very similar., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 526, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168.","Cooper, S. J. B., Watts, C. H. S., Saint, K. M. & Leijs, R. (2014) Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Scirtidae (Coleoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences. Invertebrate Systematics, 28, 628 - 642. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13046"]}

Scirtes japonicus species group (Nyholm 2002) Nyholm (2002) based this group primarily on the form of the penis: ���symmetric with parameroids longitudinally deeply cleft and tegmen with a lateral lobe (paramere) on each side���. We would add: first segment of labial palpus shorter than second, mandible incisivus moderately long, caudal margin of metacoxal plate concave and caudal margin of sternite 7 moderately concave; larvae with tip of mandible bifid and maxillary palpus threesegmented (Watts 2004; Yoshitomi 2005). The prehensors and bursal sclerites of all three Australian species (Figs 3���5) are closely similar to those of S. japonicus (Yoshitomi 2005). The penis of no Australian species has this morphology. The aedeagus of S. emmaae is simple and appears plesiomorphic as it conforms closely to the scirtid ground plan (Zwick 2016). Scirtes kaytae and S. tindaleensis have asymmetric aedeagi resembling those of species in the S. helmsi group. The aedeagus of S. emmaae, particularly the apical triangular lobes of the parameres, is similar to those of S. micronesianus Yoshitomi, which was placed in a separate group by Yoshitomi (2009) and named the S. micronesianus group. However, other than their aedeagi, S. emmaae and S. kaytae are morphologically and genetically close and S. tindaleensis is also close on both larval and adult morphology yet only S. emmaae could be classified in the S. micronesianus group. We think that on this evidence these three species belong in the same species group and have placed all three Australian species in the S. japonicus group based on sequence data and adult and larval morphology but recognise that future study is needed to confirm this placement, particularly in light of the conflicting morphology of the male genitalia. Scirtes nehouensis Ruta & Yoshitomi, 2010 from New Caledonia appears to us on both general morphology and male and female genitalia (Ruta & Yoshitomi 2010b) to be conspecific with S. emmaae. We herein place the species in synonymy under Scirtes emmaae Watts, 2004., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on pages 518-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Nyholm, T. (2002) Scirtes japonicus Kiesenwetter and its allies with descriptions of Scirtes ussuriensis n. sp. (Coleoptera Scirtidae). Entomologische Blatter, 98, 49 - 60.","Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168.","Yoshitomi, H. (2005) Systematic revision of the family Scirtidae of Japan, with phylogeny, morphology and bionomics (Insecta: Coleoptera, Scirtoidea). Japanese Journal of systematic Entomology, Monographic Series, 3, 1 - 212. [Matsuyama]","Zwick, P. (2016) Australian Marsh Beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). 9. The relations of Australian Ypsiloncyphon species to their Asian congeners, additions mainly to Petrocyphon and Prionocyphon, and a key to Australian genera of Scirtinae. Zootaxa, 4085 (2), 151 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4085.2.1","Yoshitomi, H. (2009) The Scirtes (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae) of Micronesia. Zootaxa, 1974, 1 - 16.","Ruta, R. & Yoshitomi, H. (2010 b) Scirtidae: The genus Scirtes Illiger (Coleoptera). In: Jach, M. A. & Balke, M. (Eds.), Water Beetles of New Caledonia. Part 1. Monographs on Coleoptera 3. Natural History Museum, Wien, pp. 403 - 438."]}

Scirtes haemisphaericus species group (Yoshitomi 2005) Yoshitomi (2005) defined this group as having the ���body oval, parameres simple, penis symmetrical with a long slender pala (basal piece)���. We add: mandibles blunt, first segment of labial palpus shorter than second segment, caudal margin of metacoxal plates weakly concave, metatrochanters elongate (about 2.5�� as long as wide), caudal margin of sternite 7 deeply concave; females with relatively short coxites and broad short styles and a moderately sized, compact, well sclerotized prehensor and bursal sclerite (Fig. 10; Yoshitomi 2005); larvae with a pronounced spindle-shape with multidentate mandibles, maxillary palpus three-segmented, anal palpi>5 (Klausnitzer 2009; Watts 2014). Both the sequence data and adult and larval morphology support a relationship of the single Australian species, S. auratus, with the European S. haemisphaericus, the type species of the genus Scirtes. The Japanese S. sobrinus Lewis clearly also belongs in this group on larval characters, prehensor and bursal sclerite although less clearly on the male genitalia (Yoshitomi 2005). The sequence data also placed two closely related species from Vietnam, each represented by a single male, in this grouping (Fig. 1). The male genitalia of both are similar and closely resemble the illustration of the male genitalia of S. sobrinus in Yoshitomi (2005)., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Yoshitomi, H. (2005) Systematic revision of the family Scirtidae of Japan, with phylogeny, morphology and bionomics (Insecta: Coleoptera, Scirtoidea). Japanese Journal of systematic Entomology, Monographic Series, 3, 1 - 212. [Matsuyama]","Klausnitzer, B. (2009) Insecta: Coleoptera: Scirtidae. Subwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa Bd. 20 / 7. Spektrum Akademischer, Verlag, Heidelberg, 134 pp."]}

Scirtes pinjarraensis Watts, 2004 = Scirtes pygmaeus Watts, 2004, syn. nov. Notes. Cooper et al. (2014), using sequence data, suggested that Scirtes pinjarraensis and S. pygmaeus Watts were probably conspecific. Examination of further specimens of both taxa confirms this. Watts (2004) separated the two taxa by the presence of a distinctly bent tip to the trigonium in S. pygmaeus which was absent in S. pinjarraensis. Examination of additional specimens of both taxa shows that this bent tip is actually a distinct spine projecting at right angles to the trigonium and surrounded by a number of much smaller spines (Fig. 22). Dissection of more paratypes of S. pinjarraensis showed that a number had identical structures and that the absence of a spine was caused by it being broken off, probably during dissection. We consider, on both morphological and sequence grounds, that S, pinjarraensis and S. pygmaeus are conspecific. Therefore, S. pygmaeus on page preference becomes a junior synonym of S. pinjarraensis. This terminal structure on the trigonium is unique within Australian Scirtes and readily identifies the species, which is often the commonest scirtid in swamps in southwest Australia. Other than by the male genitalia, the species is recognized from other species in southwest Australia by its small size, dark testaceous colour with pale antennal base and pale sides to the pronotum. In size, colour and male genitalia S. pinjarraensis resembles S. lynnae, but differs from this species in the hooked left parameroid, presence of a small right parameroid and spines at the apex of the trigonium. Sequence data place it close to S. helmsi and S. brisbanensis (Fig. 1)., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 526, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168.","Cooper, S. J. B., Watts, C. H. S., Saint, K. M. & Leijs, R. (2014) Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Scirtidae (Coleoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences. Invertebrate Systematics, 28, 628 - 642. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13046"]}

Scirtes exoletus Waterhouse, 1880 Notes. A very widespread, quite common species found in all states and mainland territories of Australia. Specimens from the Northern Territory, New South Wales and Victoria were identical in the genes sequenced; however, the specimen from Wongabel on the Atherton Tableland of North Queensland differed by 7.2% (pdistance) for COI, potentially indicative of a separate species., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 527, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629

Scirtes auratus Watts, 2004 (Figs 2, 17) Supplementary description. Male. Tergite 8: small, apical portion very weakly sclerotized, hind edge with dense row of extremely small fine setae or microtrichia. Apodemes relatively short, strongly sclerotized, parallel. Tergite 9: short, broad, apical portion short with apical margin with long setae, apodemes strongly sclerotized, about three times length of apical portion, weakly diverging. Sternite 9: small, weakly sclerotized, broadly bilobed, apical third with numerous pores and thin setae, without obvious apodemes. Aedeagus complex, symmetrical, basal piece large, expanding anteriorly; trigonium long, thin, with complex set of huge curved spines at base, apex with a few small stout spines; parameroids in two parts, inner lobe longer than trigonium, broad in basal half, narrow in apical half, bulbous at apex; outer lobe broad, flat, about half as long as inner lobe numerous pores and spines on outer margin and towards apex. Tegmen consists of two separate narrow rods, about as long as aedeagus, central portions covered with short strong spines, apical portion with outer spur of varying length (Fig. 17). Female. Coxites elongate, styles relatively short and broad. Tergite 9: long, with spurs; tergite 8 long; tergite 8 shorter, apex with thick row of moderately long setae. Prehensor moderately sclerotized, long, apical end with two triangular plates. Bursal sclerite elongate, strongly sclerotized, triangular apical end with two strong prongs, surface strongly pimpled (Fig. 2). Notes. The species is found in coastal swamps from the Northern Territory around the northern coast to at least Townsville and has been collected in large numbers at light. The larvae are found in shallow grassy swamps (Watts 2014). It is not known if the pupae of the species use a snorkel as described by Zwick & Zwick (2008) for S. haemisphaericus. In the laboratory without access to plant stems the larvae form pupal cells in damp sand or pupate on the undersides of leaves., Published as part of Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M., 2017, Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species, pp. 511-532 in Zootaxa 4347 (3) on page 523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1048629, {"references":["Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168.","Zwick, P. & Zwick, H. (2008) Number of larval instars, early instar structure, and life history of Scirtes hemisphaericus (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) in central Germany. Lauterbornia¸ 63, 87 - 99."]}