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The study aimed to investigate the influence of total quality management and school governance on school management effectiveness, whether school governance as an antecedent of total quality management and school management effectiveness. The object of research is the vocational high school with the Regional Public Service Agency status (school-based enterprise) in Indonesia. The research is a quantitative research with survey method. The sample of 533 people who are school principals, teachers, and students. It was selected by proportional stratified random sampling. The data analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM). The research finding is the total quality management has a significant influence on school management effectiveness. The mediation analysis indicates that school governance as the antecedent of total quality management and school management effectiveness. The improvement of effectiveness school-based enterprises should consider implementing total quality management and it will be increasingly by school governance application. The modeling that correlates total quality management and school governance to improved vocational school management effectiveness, especially at vocational school with Regional Public Service Agency status (school-based enterprise).

Indonesian government is focusing on improving the quality and effectiveness of Vocational High Schools. One of many efforts conducted is transforming vocational schools into vocational school-based enterprises. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the effectiveness of vocational school-based enterprise management through the implementation of School Governance and Total Quality Management. This study used quantitative and qualitative approaches and PLS-SEM analysis, AHP, and ISM techniques. Questionnaires were distributed to 231 respondents from students, teachers, principals and committees in 25 vocational school-based enterprises in East Java and DKI Jakarta. The results of PLS SEM analysis demonstrated valid, consistent and good modeling. Furthermore, TQM showed a significant and positive effect on SG with R2 of 80.2 percent. Consequently, SG and TQM also had a positive and significant effect on improving the effectiveness of vocational school-based enterprise management with R2 of 92.2 percent. In addition, the strategy reveals an increase in the effectiveness of vocational school-based enterprise based on AHP by increasing the implementation of SG through adding criteria for strong and firm leadership in the human resources in vocational school-based enterprise. Meanwhile, based on ISM result, by increasing TQM as the key factor has the greatest driving force before improving SG. It is recommended to devise a strategy that could help to increase the effectiveness of managing vocational school-based enterprises.

One of the governments' policy through Directoral General of Learning and Student Affair, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education in improving the access for new students namely the bidikmisi program. Program bidikmisi is a tuition fee subsidy program allocated to selected new students who possess excellent academic capability yet facing economic difficulties due to poor economical condition parents. bidikmisi program has been conducted annually in order to improve accesses to gain higher education. The purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of bidikmisi extension to the students' success in terms of student learning interest, learning attitude, motivation and academic achievement. Data collection technique used in this study were descriptive qualitative and quantitative, by spreading questionnaire to bidikmisi receiver which consisted of 246 students of year 2013, 2014 and 2015 on 28 higher education in private under kopertis regional XII. Data analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple regression. The study result indicates that the intrinsic characteristic for admission year of bidikmisi program, gender, age, school origin, area origin, parents' educational background and parents' income partially did not influence significantly to students' attitude and behaviour; however, parents' occupation gave a real impact towards students' attitude and behaviour. Bidikmisi program management and the characteristic environment of college students partially gave a significant influence to students' learning interest, learning attitude, motivation in order to attain academic achievement.

Government with Decision No. 12 of 2012 on higher education states that every university will be authorized to operate and issue a diploma after accreditation. Accreditation is the acknowledgment of the public or external parties to the college concerned and is also a form of assessment of the quality and feasibility of institutions conducted by independent organizations such as the National College Accreditation Committee (NHE-AC). Private higher education institutions under the coordination of Kopertis XII region, Maluku and North Maluku face challenges and difficulties to compete. In 2016, from 44 private universities under the coordination area of Kopertis XII only 7 of them have institutional accreditation status. This amount is considered very little compared to other Kopertis region's, therefore need further research to reveal the challenges faced by universities. The purpose of this research is to know the factors causing low accreditation submission among private universities under coordination of Kopertis region XII. The method used is qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are conducted through interviews and observation; Data were analyzed using Ishikawa or fishbone diagram. The results of this study indicate that of the 7 criteria given by BAN-PT, there are several factors causing the low delivery of accreditation by universities, namely: the vision and mission that has not been socialized and well understood by all parts of the academic community; Internal management within organizations that have not met standard operating procedures (SOPs); quality assurance agencies that have not been functioning properly; unqualified human resources, limited facilities and infrastructure; information systems are only partially available; curricula that are inconsistent with higher national education standards; interest of lecturers to conduct research and low dedication of education; and low number of publications.

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The therapeutic potential of bitter leaf ( Vernonia amygdalina Del.) has been established both empirically and in various scientific investigations. However, the molecular pathways related to its possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular interactions between bitter leaf's bioactive compounds and cellular targets involved in these activities. The compounds in bitter leaf were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and subsequently, a network pharmacology approach was employed together with molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Acetonitrile (4.5%) and dimethylamine (4.972%) were the most prevalent compounds among the 38 identified by the GC-MS analysis of bitter leaf extract. The proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC) demonstrated significant connectivity within the antioxidant network, highlighting its pivotal role in facilitating inter-protein communication. It also exhibited strategic positioning in anti-inflammatory mechanisms based on closeness centrality (0.385). The enrichment analysis suggested multifaceted mechanisms of bitter leaf compounds, including transcriptional regulation and diverse cellular targeting, indicating broad antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA) displayed strong interactions with multiple proteins, including SRC (-7.17 kcal/mol) and CYP 3 A 4 (-6.88 kcal/mol). Moreover, EPEA demonstrated to form a stable interaction with SRC during a 100 ns simulation. In conclusion, the computational simulations revealed that the hypothetical antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of bitter leaf compounds were achieved by specifically targeting SRC. However, confirmation using either in vitro or in vivo techniques is necessary., Competing Interests: All the authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s).)