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This community service aims to increase the quality and quantity of rice cracker production in household households through the application of appropriate technology. The method of implementing this service used training and mentoring. The partners of this activity were members of the “Kerupuk Nasi Bersama” Home Industry in Pematang Baih Village, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province. The results of this service showed that IRT partners had the ability to operate automatic cracker cutting equipment technology and dough mixer machines so that they could increase the quality and quantity of rice cracker production. This Appropriate Technology makes it easier for housewives to repair and increase product quality and quantity.

Abstract Background Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a prevalent benign tumour of the kidney. However, Wunderlich syndrome, marked by retroperitoneal haemorrhage, remains a rare and critical complication of large AMLs. During pregnancy, AMLs demonstrate an accelerated growth pattern and pose an elevated risk of rupture, leading to massive retroperitoneal haemorrhage. This report presents two compelling cases of life-threatening bleeding AML during the first and third trimesters, shedding light on the urgent need for heightened awareness and management strategies in pregnant women with AML. These cases underscore the novel and crucial aspect of the increased vulnerability of AMLs in pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention. Cases presentation The first patient is a 37-year-old lady who presented at 27 weeks of gestation with foetal distress, abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. Emergency Caesarean section was performed for possible abruptio placenta, and a large non-expanding retroperitoneal hematoma was found intra-operatively. Post-delivery computed tomography (CT) angiography assessment showed left perinephric hematoma from bleeding AML at the lower pole. She was hemodynamically unstable after CT and underwent an emergency nephrectomy. Post-operative recovery was uneventful. The second patient is a 30-year-old lady who presented with right abdominal pain at 11 weeks of gestation with hypotension and an actively bleeding ruptured AML found on the abdominal MRI. She underwent angioembolization at 12 weeks of pregnancy with a radiation shield to protect the foetus. She recovered well after the procedure and continued her pregnancy. Her baby was born healthy at term with no evidence of any congenital malformation. Conclusions When dealing with renal angiomyolipoma during pregnancy, multidisciplinary team management is crucial for the best management care. Stable cases can be treated conservatively, while unstable cases may require angioembolization or nephrectomy. The management plan should prioritize the best outcomes for both the mother and foetus. During the first trimester, angioembolization is safe and effective in controlling bleeding. However, minimizing radiation exposure is crucial, especially during organogenesis. Tailored interventions are essential to optimize outcomes in this unique patient population.

Abstract The diverse applications of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) drive efforts to understand consistent performance and resistance to failure. Stress relaxation can lead to molecular chain deterioration, degradation in stiffness and rheological properties, and ultimately affect the life cycle of MRE. However, quantifying the energy and molecular dynamics during stress relaxation is challenging due to the difficulty of obtaining atomic-level insights experimentally. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to elucidate the stress relaxation in MRE during constant strain. Magnetorheological elastomer models incorporating silicone rubber filled with varying magnetic iron particles (50–80 wt%) were constructed. Experimental results from an oscillatory shear rheometer showed the linear viscoelastic region of MRE to be within 0.001–0.01% strain. The simulation results indicated that stress relaxation has occurred, with stored energies decreased by 8.63–52.7% in all MRE models. Monitoring changes in energy components, the highest final stored energy (12,045 kJ) of the MRE model with 80 wt% Fe particles was primarily attributed to stronger intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, revealed by higher potential energy (3262 kJ) and van der Waals energy (− 2717.29 kJ). Stress relaxation also altered the molecular dynamics of this MRE model as evidenced by a decrease in kinetic energy (9362 kJ) and mean square displacement value (20,318 Å2). The MD simulation provides a promising quantitative tool for elucidating stress relaxation, preventing material failure and offering insights for the design of MRE in the nanotechnology industry.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Flipped-Project-based Learning model on student learning outcomes. This type of quasi-experimental research uses a control group pretest-posttest design that is applied to class XI IPS SMA Negeri 8 Malang, Indonesia (social sciences program at State Senior High School) academic years 2023-2024. The instrument used is an essay test of 5 questions on International Economic Cooperation material that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used tests of normality, homogeneity, and independent sample t-test. The result of the study showed that the Flipped-Project Based Learning model was effective in improving students' student learning outcomes in Economics Lessons. Recommendations for further research, it is necessary to develop a project-based model in a blended or hybrid model by utilising digital learning or e-learning platforms.

This study aims to find out how the development of the Curriculum 2013 SIT (Integrated Islamic School), and the typical 8th grade curriculum at SMPIT Al Uswah Bangil. This research is qualitative descriptive field research, the data collection techniques used are interviews, observations, and documentation using Miles and Huberman data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that curriculum development at SMPIT Al Uswah Bangil was developed in all school curricular activities, namely intracurricular, co-curricular and extracurricular activities. SMPIT Al Uswah Bangil also uses the concept of Islamization of science, and the implementation of evaluation is carried out in the form of curriculum supervision techniques.

Silicone rubber magnetorheological elastomers (SR-MREs) are increasingly recognized for their resilience in marine conditions, offering prolonged service life and durability. This study evaluates the one-month durability of silicone rubber magnetorheological elastomers (SR-MREs) under seawater conditions. Results revealed a 6% reduction in hardness and an 8% decrease in Young’s modulus compared to unimmersed samples. Morphological and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analyses supported these findings, revealing surface defects and chemical bonding changes. The immersed SR-MRE displayed a notable 250% increase in elongation at break, highlighting enhanced elasticity. Rheological properties revealed complex mechanical behavior, with an initial increase in storage modulus from 0.25 to 0.38 MPa in the presence of a magnetic field, followed by a gradual decrease to 0.15 MPa at 0 A and 0.52 Mpa at 5 A with strain. Additionally, this study proposes an illustrative mechanism to elucidate the relationship between seawater elements and SR-MRE behavior, enhancing our understanding of its mechanical properties and degradation in marine environments, thus highlighting SR-MRE’s potential as a durable material compared to traditional rubber composites.

The variation in lecturers' commitment is the central issue addressed in this research. Based on the result of a preliminary study and data from the personal department. This fact is evidenced by the suboptimal performance of over 50% of permanent lecturers registered under the foundation fulfilling the three pillars of higher education. This study aims to analyze how the quality of work-life influences fluctuations in lecturers' professional commitment and how organizational culture also affects the level of commitment among tenure-track lecturers at Pamulang University. The quantitative research method uses data analysis through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and SITOREM analysis. The instruments used include questionnaires and expert judgment assessment sheets for SITOREM analysis. Upon data analysis, the following results were obtained: 1) the quality of work life significantly influences lecturers' professional commitment; 2) the organizational culture affects lecturers' professional commitment; 3) there is a simultaneous influence of both the quality of work life and organizational culture on lecturers' commitment to their profession. Based on the research findings, organizational culture, which constitutes a component of the organizational mechanism, exerts a direct influence on professional commitment, which is part of individual outcome theory, without necessitating passage through the variables encompassed within the individual mechanism. The implication of this study suggests that the professional commitment of lecturers can be further enhanced through the reinforcement of work-life quality and organizational culture. Abstrak: Bervariasinya komitmen dosen menjadi inti permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Fakta ini dibuktikan berdasarkan studi pendahuluan dan data dari bagian kepegawaian bahwa lebih dari 50% dosen yang terdaftar sebagai dosen tetap yayasan belum optimal dalam menjalankan tridarma perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana kualitas kehidupan kerja memiliki pengaruh terhadap naik dan turunnya komitmen profesi dosen serta bagaimana budaya organisasi juga mempengaruhi tinggi rendahnya komitmen terhadap profesi dosen tetap yayasan di Universitas Pamulang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan analisis data menggunakan SEM dan analisis SITOREM. Instrument yang digunakan adalah angket dan lembar penilaian expert judgment untuk analisis SITOREM. Setelah dilakukan analisis data maka diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut 1) kualitas kehidupan kerja memiliki pengaruh terhadap pada komitmen profesi dosen; 2) budaya organisasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap komitmen profesi dosen; 3) terdapat pengaruh secara simultan kualitas kehidupan kerja dan budaya organisasi terhadap komitmen terhadap profesi dosen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka budaya organisasi yang merupakan bagian dari organizational mechanism memiliki pengaruh secara langsung terhadap komitmen profesi yang merupakan bagian dari teori individual outcome tanpa perlu melalui variabel yang tercakup pada individual mechanism. Implikasi pada penelitian ini dikemukakan bahwa komitmen profesi dosen dapat terus ditingkatkan melalui penguatan kualitas kehidupan kerja dan budaya organisasi.

Oil palm is one of the largest economic sectors in Malaysia. Among the problems faced in the estates is oil palm loose fruit deposition, which is currently being collected manually in the industry. Hence, an oil palm loose fruit collector was designed using a cyclone separator mechanism and was studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In the current study, Reynold’s stress model (RSM) and the discrete phase model (DPM) were employed to navigate numerical simulations where air speed intake of the designed machine was varied at 13, 30, and 46 m/s, respectively. The wall was set to a no-slip condition with standard wall functions. The hydraulic diameter of the gas outlet was Bc = 0.1 m. The hydraulic diameters of the particle’s outlet were Jc = 0.15 m and 0.2 m, respectively. Turbulence intensity at the gas and particle outlet was specified at 5%. An injection with density of 995.7 kg/m3 and a diameter of 0.04 m was set to simulate oil palm loose fruit collection into the system. Effects of air speed variations on the pressure drop and collection efficiency were then analyzed. It was found that increasing the inlet air speed from 13 m/s to 30 m/s reduced the collection efficiency by 14.92 % from 80.05% to 66.13%, while a 54.444% collection was recorded at 46 m/s inlet air speed. Ultimately, results indicate that a lower air speed is favorable in terms of pressure drop and collection efficiency.

This study examines the impact of job training and professional certification on job opportunities at PT Akasia Multi Talenta, amidst the unemployment problem in Indonesia. Focusing on the HR certification program, the study aims to evaluate how training and certification affect job opportunities in the company. Descriptive and verification methods were used with a sample of 171 out of 300 participants. The analysis used the Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, F-test, and t-test. The results show that training and certification positively affect job opportunities. This study aims to provide insights and recommendations for individuals, organizations, and policymakers in supporting inclusive and sustainable economic development.

Objective: The evaluation of frozen semen quality is an essential aspect in determining male fertility for artificial insemination programs. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of Friesian Holstein (FH) bull-frozen semen in different classes (proven and unproven) based on protein profiling and molecular evaluation. Materials and Methods: This study used frozen semen straws from FH bulls selected according to criteria for proven (6 individuals) and unproven (6 individuals) bulls produced by the Singosari AI Center (AIC). Sperm motility parameters were assessed using Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA Supervision®, Germany), while sperm viability and abnormality were evaluated through eosin-nigrosin staining under a microscope at 400´ magnifications. The integrity of the sperm plasma membrane was determined using the hypoosmotic swelling test, and acrosome integrity was analyzed using the fluorescein isothiocyanate PNA-propidium iodide staining method. Protamine deficiency was quantified using Chromomycin A3 fluorescence staining, while DNA fragmentation was assessed using the acridine orange technique. Results: The findings demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in the assessed parameters of frozen semen quality between FH-proven and unproven bulls. Furthermore, in FH-proven bulls, a negative correlation was observed between protamine deficiency and acrosome integrity (r = −0.528) and between protamine deficiency and sperm DNA fragmentation (r = −0.467). The parameters of protamine deficiency in unproven bulls exhibited a positive correlation with sperm progressive motility. Conclusion: The frozen semen quality of FH bulls in different classes (proven and unproven) was found to be equally good. Molecular-based analysis allows for a more accurate determination of semen quality. These findings are significant for bull breeding stations when comprehensively evaluating semen quality. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(3.000): 796-802]

Objective Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle. Methods Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed. Results The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors. Conclusion In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.

The omnichannel, a new concept in retailing, has surpassed the genre of electronic business (e-commerce) and has significantly influenced consumer thoughts and decisions. This approach refers to a retailing approach that has transformed the way customers shop, seamlessly transitioning between online and offline platforms due to the increased usage of smartphones and tablets. Presently, retailers are focusing on delivering excellent service experiences. However, despite being a prominent topic in the retail sector, bibliometric and systematic reviews exploring omni-channels are scarce. To contribute to further research collaboration and expand knowledge in this subject area, a bibliometric study was conducted to examine omni-channel research trends, including publication outputs, notable journals, top-performing authors, leading countries, and author keywords. A total of 773 articles were acquired from Scopus databases from 2013 to March 2023. The findings revealed a continuous increase in the number of omni-channel publications each year, indicating its growing relevance in the retail industry. Among the 61 countries analysed, Chile had the highest number of active paper publications, followed by Sweden and Spain. The systematic analysis conducted using VOSviewer identified 2103 keywords. This research explores focal points in research, evaluates trends in evolution, visualizes collaboration networks, and identifies a prominent topic in the field of omni-channel research. Cluster analysis revealed prominent topics of interest within the omni-channel context, including the grocery, fashion, luxury, and tourism domains. As a result, this study provides an information and implementation direction for the development of omni-channel retailing

The Gulf of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium selected the Mississippi Canyon Lease Block 118 (MC118) as a multi-sensor, multi-discipline seafloor observatory for gas hydrate research with geochemical, geophysical, and biological methods. Woolsey Mound is a one-kilometer diameter hydrate complex where gas hydrates outcrop at the sea floor. The hydrate mound is connected to an underlying salt diapir through a network of shallow crestal faults. This research aims to identify the base of the hydrate stability zone without regionally extensive bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs). This study analyzes two collocated 3D seismic datasets collected four years apart. To identify the base of the hydrate stability zone in the absence of BSRs, shallow discontinuous bright spots were targeted. These bright spots may mark the base of the hydrate stability field in the study area. These bright spots are hypothesized to produce an amplitude versus offset (AVO) response due to the trapping of free gas beneath the gas hydrate. AVO analyses were conducted on pre-stacked 3D volume and decreasing amplitude values with an increasing offset, i.e., Class 4 AVO anomalies were observed. A comparison of a time-lapse analysis and the AVO analysis was conducted to investigate the changes in the strength of the AVO curve over time. The changes in the strength are correlated with the decrease in hydrate concentrations over time.

This study compares Singapore and Indonesia's approaches to character education. The three main subjects of this study are the problems and ideological foundations of character education in the two countries. A qualitative research method with a library approach, often referred to as desk research, is the methodology used. Study findings, published works, or official policies related to character education in the two countries are the sources of the data. Character education in Indonesia is based on the country's ideology, culture, religious views and customs, according to the research findings. Similarly, government policy constraints, official ideologies and philosophical beliefs form the foundation of character education in Singapore. Singapore and Indonesia both have problems with free sex, vandalism, thuggery and juvenile crime. Variations in stress levels affect the character of young people due to the high level of mobility in Singapore.

The study aimed to describe the impact of Fiqh learning actions using the Make-a-Match method on the cooperative skills of eleventh-grade students at Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Malang. This research used a qualitative approach with class action research (CAR) designed with two cycles. The study subjects were students in the 11th grade of the Department of Social Sciences Education (IPS), which had 18 students. Researchers collected data through observations, interviews, and documentation during the class action process. They then analyzed it through the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana procedures. Research results showed that the Make-a-Match method improved students' collaborative skills. Each of the collaborative skills indicators showed an improvement from cycle I to cycle II. The match-seeking technique required in applying this learning method instructed students to actively follow learning, be responsible as group members, interact, and collaborate.

Variation of multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) data presentation in existing scientific publications is a challenge for eye care practitioners to apply the scientific information for evidence-based practice in patient management. This review offers an overview of the mfERG data presentation types. Eight types of data presentation in the form of a table, scatter plot, line graph, bar graph/box plot, single waveform/a group of waveforms, trace array topography, three-dimensional topography, and two-dimensional topography are identified. The table format is used to provide the exact values. Line graphs, scatter, and box plots offer information about the relationship of mfERG values. Waveforms are helpful for comparison between groups or conditions. Topographies outline the retinal, especially the specific localized retinal abnormalities. An infographic of fundamental mfERG electrical response with definitions and clinical indications is provided to bridge the gap between researchers and clinicians to facilitate efficient clinical application.

Expert profiling aims to discover the expertise of an author. This task is useful for identifying the research groups existing within an organization as well as measuring the similarities between authors’ expertise. Thus, identifying areas of expertise becomes a critical part of this task, especially in cases where the publications are unannotated. Commonly used topic modeling methods such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation still fall short in determining the number of topics automatically and discovering the hierarchical relationships between topics. To solve these issues, we adopted a graph-based approach which constructs a graph from publication features such as authors and keywords (Silva et al., 2018). We applied the Louvain algorithm repeatedly to discover the topics with hierarchical order automatically. We utilize keyword extraction methods to generate keywords for each respective publication to handle the missing values. We perform experiments to determine the optimum HPMI value. Results showed that graphs constructed from default and SIFRank keywords with transformation weights of $\alpha =0.5$ and $\beta =1.0$ produce topics with the best HPMI score. We evaluate the profiles from this method (CDT) with ATM as the baseline. It is shown that CDT produces better MAP, MRR, and nDCG scores than ATM. The work in this manuscript shows how community detection and keyword extraction could be utilized in expert profiling tasks. Our observation shows that the Louvain algorithm used only cluster publications into one topic, and thus still has limitations in classifying multidisciplinary publications. Further development could be done to handle such publications and increase the quality of keywords.

The use of online travel agency (OTA) in the sphere of tourism and hospitality industry is steadily rising along with digitalization. The aim of the investigation is to explore the relationship between the elements of trustworthiness (perceived ability, perceived benevolence, and perceived integrity) and the use of online travel agencies. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from the 292 clients of online travel agencies in Bangladesh. With the application of SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 26, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the research model. The findings indicate that all three elements of trustworthiness - perceived ability, perceived benevolence, and perceived integrity positively influence tourists to use online travel agencies. It scaled a new development in social exchange theory (SET) by introducing the elements of trustworthiness in the context of online travel agencies (OTAs). The present study's findings have important and useful ramifications for online travel service providers, online service agents, and managers of various tourism platforms. They should develop and put into practice strategies to manage trustworthiness across various levels of online travel services to achieve improved responses from travelers.

Abstract It is well known in the field of materials science that a substance’s longevity is significantly influenced by its environment. Everything begins with the initial contact on a material’s surface. This influence will then deteriorate and have an extended negative impact on the strength of the material. In this study, the effect of natural weathering in tropical climates on magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) was investigated through microstructural evaluation to understand the aging behavior of the environmentally exposed MRE. To understand and elucidate the process, MREs made of silicone rubber and 70 wt% micron-sized carbonyl iron particles were prepared and exposed to the natural weathering of a tropical climate for 90 days. The MRE samples were then mechanically tensile tested, which revealed that Young’s modulus increased, while elongation at break decreased. Surface degradation due to weathering was suspected to be the primary cause of this condition. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the degradation of MRE was investigated as a function of morphological evidence. Upon examination through SEM, it was noted that the weathering effects on the morphology of the exposed samples showed distinct characteristics on the degraded surfaces of the MRE, including numerous microvoids, cavities, and microcracks. While these features were not prominent for the MRE itself, they bear resemblance to the effects observed in similar materials like rubber and elastomer. An atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to investigate the surface topography and local degradation conditions. This observation revealed a distinctive degradation characteristic of the MRE in connection to natural weathering in tropical climates. The surface damage of the MRE samples became severe and inhomogeneous during the environmental aging process, and degradation began from the exposed MRE surface, causing the mechanical characteristics of the MRE to significantly change.

In recent years, the research has focused firmly on Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (AAVs) owing to their vast array of potential applications, to aid those applications this study presents a technical approach for source localization and landing trajectory identification for Autonomous Aerial Vehicle (AAV) landing, leveraging computer vision and photogrammetry techniques. The proposed method aims to achieve accurate and robust localization of the landing target area and precise determination of the AAV’s landing trajectory. The source localization module utilizes a computer vision system equipped with onboard cameras and advanced image processing algorithms. The system captures images of the target area and performs feature extraction and matching to estimate the position of the landing target. Additionally, the A* algorithm serves as a pivotal tool in deriving an optimized trajectory by harnessing the relative positions of the Autonomous Aerial Vehicle (AAV) and the designated landing target.

This study focuses on the importance of imparting character values by incorporating local cultural wisdom, specifically Maja Labo Dahu, within the curriculum of Al-Maliki Islamic Junior High School. This research aims to uncover and evaluate the application of the moral principles associated with religious beliefs among students, using Maja Labo Dahu as a reference point. This particular study falls under the category of qualitative research. Data collection methods include conducting interviews, making observations, and gathering documentation. Data analysis techniques involve using reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The findings indicated that: Firstly, integrating the significance of Maja Labo Dahu into all pertinent materials; Secondly, enhancing educational methods that foster critical thinking, integrity, collaboration, appreciation for diversity, respect for differing viewpoints, reliability, tolerance, democracy, bravery in expressing ideas, and accountability. Maja Labo Dahu's character values are implemented when converting information for students and arranging programs, education, and specialized training centered around Maja Labo Dahu's character values. After that, assessments conducting observations are conducted concurrently to evaluate the progress of the learning process that has been executed with techniques that can promote Maja Labo Dahu's character. Utilizing Maja Labo Dahu as a form of indigenous cultural heritage can be a valuable asset to the communal existence. When viewed as a reflection of one's personality and beliefs, this particular value is highly suitable for nurturing a religious character.

The existence of the media in social life is essential. Apart from providing a forum for distributing information, the media also play an important role to control the government performance. However, the media often frames reality and at the same time, published news from multiple angles; as this can affect the process of defining the truth constructed in their framing. This study analyzes the news framing published the Kuta Raja rubric, Serambi Indonesia daily in Aceh, especially those contain political and educational message. This present study employed a qualitative descriptive approach with the data collected from July to September 2020. The data were analyzed thematically and analytically in descriptive stages. The results indicate that the Kuta Raja rubric is often f shown by highlighting certain aspects of the news, such as displaying dominant political figures. In contrast, the educational information is not very significantly emphasized. Thus, it is necessary to have a balance in the reconstruction process of an event in order to avoid framing bias.

Phytoplankton blooms in the lake cause ecological, economic, health, energy, and aesthetic losses. It reduces water quality and biota diversity, creates toxins in the waters, and changes the structures and functions of the ecosystem. The essential nutrients for the growth of phytoplankton are nitrogen and phosphorus. Controlling phytoplankton growth can be managed by controlling the limiting nutrient input. This study aims to identify the limiting nutrient, analyze variations in TN:TP ratio spatially and temporally, and model TN:TP ratio and chlorophyll-a relationship. This study used secondary data from previous studies, namely TN, TP, and chlorophyll-a observed monthly in seven stations purposively during a year. Rainfall data was also obtained from the previous study. Limiting nutrients were determined by Redfield theory, and data were analyzed by Spearman correlation, One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and regression analysis. The results showed phosphorus was a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in Lake Laut Tawar. TN:TP ratio and chlorophyll-a did not vary spatially, indicating the lake surface waters were evenly mixed. The parameters varied temporally, expressing the influence of hydroclimatological factors, especially rainfall. Rainfall increases nutrient input to the lake, but only rain below 200 mm/month causes an increase in the concentration of nutrients in the lake. The rainfall above 200 mm/month increases lake water volume significantly, thereby reducing nutrient concentrations. TN:TP ratio and chlorophyll-a related negatively and formed a non-linear relationship with an empirical model Chlorophyll-a = 2770.285 (TN/TP)-1.871. Eutrophication of Lake Laut Tawar should be anticipated by controlling the anthropogenic phosphorus input. Keywords: Anthropogenic Chlorophyll-a Eutrophication, Limiting nutrient Rainfall

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and oral fluid have emerged as promising diagnostic tools for detecting biomarkers. This review aimed to evaluate the existing literature on using oral fluids as a source of biomarkers for bone turnover diseases affecting the jawbone. A comprehensive search strategy was executed between August 2014 and August 2024 across five major databases (Web of Science, EBSCOhost Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed) and grey literature sources. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was applied. The screening was facilitated using Rayyan at rayyan.ai and Endnote X20 software tools, culminating in the evaluation of 14,965 citations from databases and 34 from grey literature. Following rigorous scrutiny, 37 articles were selected for inclusion in this review, encompassing diseases such as periodontitis, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), and osteoporosis. The quality of the included observational studies was assessed using the Revised Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-Randomized Studies (RoBANS 2). Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), sclerostin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and interleukin-34 (IL-34) emerged as significant biomarkers in GCF, and they were mainly from periodontitis and osteoporosis. Osteocalcin (OC), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), OPG, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were significant in oral fluid or saliva, and they were from periodontitis, MRONJ, and osteoporosis. These findings underscore the potential use of oral fluids, which are regarded as non-invasive tools for biomarker identification in bone turnover. Many biomarkers overlap, and it is important to identify other specific biomarkers to enable accurate diagnosis of these conditions.

Purpose: This study tries to identify "the influence of sales growth, tax planning, firm size and profitability on earnings management (case study of consumer goods sector companies listed on IDX in 2017-2021)" Design/methodology/approach: This analysis comprises all consumer products sector enterprises listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) between 2017 and 2021. Purposive sampling was utilized. This survey included 45 businesses for food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021. Findings: Earnings management is somewhat affected by the following elements, which are listed below: when it comes to earnings management, sales growth and profitability have a partial impact; nevertheless, tax planning and firm size do not have a partial impact on earnings management. Practical implications: By concentrating on increasing sales and making strategic tax preparations, businesses can improve their ability to control their profits. Additionally, the size of the company and its profitability are important considerations when it comes to maximizing earnings management. Paper type: Research paper

A study regarding the role of Muhammadiyah in the pillars of community empowerment and strengthening needs to be carried out, considering that this organization is the largest organization in Indonesia. This article aimed to analyze the strength of Muhammadiyah's existence which focuses on the pillars of empowerment and strengthening of society. This paper was prepared using library research methods. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. Data visualization, especially regarding references and keywords that frequently appear, is assisted with VOSviewer. The results show that Muhammadiyah is an Islamic organization that has a clear and real role in empowering and strengthening of society. Muhammadiyah has a central role in the field of philanthropy, in fact this has become Muhammadiyah's identity. Al-Ma'un became the ideological-theological foundation of Muhammadiyah's struggle. The advocacy movement through community empowerment has changed the face of Muhammadiyah to become more populist. Community empowerment is carried out through action programs that directly touch on the real problems of poor and marginalized communities represented by farmers, fishermen, livestock breeders, workers, urban poor communities and people with disabilities. Women's groups who have been marginalized and tend to be subordinated have also become targets of empowerment work carried out by Muhammadiyah, especially through its wing organization, namely Aisyiyah.

Cultivating Floating Net Cages on Lake Laut Tawar has become an activity supporting the people's economy. The profits obtained by cultivators range from IDR 2.5 – 7 million per maintenance period. However, on the other hand, this activity can reduce the carrying capacity of the waters of Lake Laut Tawar due to waste pollution originating from leftover feed. One of the impacts is the mass death of fish in the floating net cages. The core problem of this problem is the lack of knowledge of Floating net cage cultivators and workers regarding feed management and water pollution. This problem can be solved by increasing the knowledge of Floating net cage farmers and workers in Lake Laut Tawar. The method used in this activity was counseling on using environmentally friendly feed in the Floating Net Cage system for fish farming in Lake Laut Tawar, Central Aceh. The aim and output targetted of this community service activity were to increase the application of science and technology in the community, in the form of improving the management of the use of fish feed d in floating net cages system. Evaluation of the level of success and satisfaction of participants was carried out using a questionnaire. Based on an analysis of the level of satisfaction and success, 80-90% of farmers are very satisfied with this community service activity. The benefits of this activity provide knowledge and positive motivation for partners in tilapia culture in floating net cages by increasing production as well as protecting the environment from pollution.

This community service aims to increase the knowledge and skills of Kulim Jaya Village residents in making simple clean water filters on a household scale so that they can get access to clean water more easily. The method of implementing this service used participatory training. The service evaluation instrument was an observation sheet and was analyzed descriptively. The results of this service showed that this simple household-scale clean water filter was able to overcome clean water problems, and there was an increase in residents' knowledge and skills in making clean water filter equipment to overcome clean water difficulties. This simple, clean water filter tool makes it easier for the people of Kulim Jaya Village residents to obtain and increase clean water for their daily needs.

Learning Arabic appears to be very difficult for non-native Arabic speakers, particularly beginners. The purpose of this study is to determine the application of the Arabic language environment for the New Santriwati in the Islamic Modern Boarding School Darussalam Gontor. The development and deployment of a language environment, which comprises types, programs, supporting components, and obstacles in the creation of language environments, is a crucial component of this research. This study employs qualitative and descriptive research methods, exposing methods based on the reality of actual situations and data-gathering treatments such as interviews, observations, and documentation. According to the outcome of this study, the environment of language is divided into two parts: formal and non-formal. The presence of a program of language activities such as ilqo' Mufrodat, idhof lughowi, arabic speaking, tasyji'u lugho, muhaawarah usbu'iyyah, fun friday, etc. The presence of figures/Qudwah in the Arabic language at all times is the most crucial component for encouraging the development of the linguistic environment. Obstacles encountered in implementing the language environment for the new santriwati at the Modern Darussalam Gontor consist of the differences in the background of students in Arabic learning, a lack of curiosity for Arabic vocabulary, a student's weak capacity in studying the Arabic language, and the presence of elements of underestimation to the disciplinary rules. The solution is to organize communication business activities, motivate people to love Arabic and tighten up Arabic language discipline. The findings of this study should assist teachers in developing a more conducive linguistic environment.

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Globally, DR prevalence among DM patients is 25%, and 6% have vision-threatening problems among them. With the higher incidence of DM globally, more DR cases are expected to be seen in the future. In order to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanism of DR in humans and discover potential novel substances for the treatment of DR, investigations are typically conducted using various experimental models. Among the experimental models, in vivo models have contributed significantly to understanding DR pathogenesis. There are several types of in vivo models for DR research, which include chemical-induced, surgical-induced, diet-induced, and genetic models. Similarly, for the in vitro models, there are several cell types that are utilised in DR research, such as retinal endothelial cells, Müller cells, and glial cells. With the advancement of DR research, it is essential to have a comprehensive update on the various experimental models utilised to mimic DR environment. This review provides the update on the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models used in DR research, focusing on their features, advantages, and limitations.

This research investigates the dominant rhetorical/ discursive strategies in the British mainstream news media regarding their reports on Ukrainian refugees in the United Kingdom (UK). While news media have negatively constructed the non-European refugees, as previous studies have revealed, this research is unique because it specifically focuses on European refugees as its research sample. The ultimate objective was to demonstrate how the news media in the UK portrayed the incoming Ukrainian refugees on British soil. The data were 40 Ukrainian-refugee-related news reports published in four mainstream news media in the UK from March until July 2022. The data was then analysed by using Wodak’s Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA), consisting of six analytical categories: Referential, Predication, Argumentation (Topoi), Perspectivisation, Mitigation, and Intensification (Reisigl Wodak, 2008). The research found that regardless of their ideologies, all four news media consistently employed the discursive strategies of humanization and individualization and pervasively established a positive argumentative strategy on Ukrainian refugees. These dominant strategies depict a positive representation of Ukrainian refugees. Moreover, despite the overall negative picture of third-world refugees in British news media, the finding of this research is distinctive from the previous ones, showing that the British news media actively constructed the Ukrainian refugees positively and sympathetically. It is argued that the news media’s ideological stance of Eurocentrism and biased racial values played a decisive role in framing the pictures of European/Ukrainian and non-European refugees in their reports.

This study's objective is to investigate the relationship between the quality of sharia-compliant customer service and the degree of customer loyalty, with the satisfaction of customers serving as a moderating variable. The participants in this study were customers who had previously utilised the services provided by sharia inns in Mojokerto. The research was carried out in a number of sharia inns in Mojokerto. The data analysis technique uses Regression Path Analysis. The empirical research results prove that service quality influences customer loyalty and customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction influences customer loyalty. The results of the study also found that customer satisfaction mediates the effect of service quality on customer loyalty. In an increasingly competitive business era, service quality and customer satisfaction play a very important role for a company's success. Good service quality and customer delight can help build long-term relationships with customers. When customers are satisfied with the services provided, they tend to remain loyal and not switch to competitors. Keywords: Customer Loyalty, Customer Satisfaction, Islam Service Quality

Abstrak Pajak kendaraan bermotor merupakan pungutan pajak yang digunakan untuk mendanai pembangunan daerah provinsi, akan tetapi masih banyak wajib pajak yang melakukan penunggakan sehingga timbul adanya ketidakpatuhan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menguji dan mengetahui dampak modernisasi sistem administrasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor serta sosialisasi perpajakan dapat memoderasi pengaruh modernisasi sistem administrasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini diperoleh dari responden yang terdaftar sebagai wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor di Kantor Bersama SAMSAT Surabaya Utara. Total sampel yang digunakan adalah 100 responden dengan perhitungan menggunakan rumus slovin. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square (PLS) pada SmartPLS 4.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modernisasi sistem administrasi perpajakan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor. Sedangkan sosialisasi perpajakan mampu memoderasi pengaruh modernisasi sistem administrasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor di Kantor Bersama SAMSAT Surabaya Utara. Kata kunci: Modernisasi sistem administrasi perpajakan, kepatuhan wajib pajak, sosialisasi perpajakan Abstract Motor vehicle tax is a tax collection to fund the development of provincial areas, however there are still many taxpayers who are in arrears so that non-compliance arises. This research was conducted with the aim of testing and knowing the impact of modernization of the tax administration system on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance and tax socialization can moderate the effect of modernization of the tax administration system on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. This type of research uses a quantitative approach. This research was obtained from respondents who were registered as motor vehicle taxpayers at the North Surabaya SAMSAT Joint Office. The total sample used is 100 respondents with calculations using the slovin formula. Collecting data using a questionnaire distributed to respondents. The data analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS) in SmartPLS 4.0. The results showed that the modernization of the tax administration system had no effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, tax socialization was able to moderate the influence of modernization of the tax administration system on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance at the SAMSAT Joint Office, North Surabaya. Keywords: Modernization of the tax administration system, taxpayer compliance, tax socialization

The allocation of profit and loss to the unrestricted investment account holders (URIAHs) is a fundamental principle of Islamic banking where both the URIAHs and the Shareholders participate in funds mobilization through a risk-sharing arrangement. The study investigates the risk adjusted return received by both the unrestricted investment account holders and shareholders as well as the level of risk sharing between them for Islamic banks in Nigeria, Sudan, Bahrain and Qatar using financial ratio analysis, difference in mean t-test and Var-at-Risk (VaR) methodologies. The paper concludes that, contrary to the findings of many previous studies, the unrestricted investment account holders receive lower risk adjusted returns than the Shareholders do and at a higher risk in some of these countries and also the Central Banks impose a risk sharing value (the alpha factor) which is always different from the actual computed value of the risk sharing parameter for the banks and these are the likely potential sources of instability in the Islamic banks of these countries.

The result of a deep learning-based image captioning system with encoder-decoder framework relies heavily on the image feature extraction technique and the caption-based model. The accuracy of the model is heavily influenced by the proposed attention mechanism. The inability to distinguish between the output of the attention model and the input expectation of the decoder can cause the decoder to give incorrect results. In this paper, we proposed an object-attention mechanism using object detection. Object detection outputs a bounding box and an object category label, which is then used as an image input into VGG16 for feature extraction and into a caption-based LSTM model. The experimental results showed that the system with object attention performed better than the system without object attention. BLEU-1, BLEU-2, BLEU-3, BLEU-4, and CIDER scores for the image captioning system with object attention improved 12.48%, 17.39%, 24.06%, 36.37%, and 43.50% respectively compared to the system without object attention.

Corrosion in carbon steel (CS) has been an existing issue and it calls attention to the need for improved corrosion protection. At present, superhydrophobic (SHB) coating technology has piqued the interest of researchers as alternative means of mitigating metal corrosion. Herein, a one-step solution deposition process was used to prepare an SHB coating based on nano-zinc oxide/epoxy (ZnO/EP) on CS and its corrosion resistance performance was analyzed by the means of electrochemical analysis and compared with that of the blank CS metal and the regular coatings (plain EP and regular ZnO/EP). Results implied the as-prepared SHB coating shows remarkable improvement in corrosion protection for the substrate. Notably, it exhibited higher in both impedance modulus (|Z|) and coating resistance (Rc) results approaching 1010 Ωcm2, than those of regular coatings by 3 orders of magnitude to that of plain EP (∼107 Ω cm2), and 1 order of magnitude to regular coating (∼109 Ω cm2), indicating its superior corrosion resistance performance. Besides that, the superior inhibitive effect of the SHB ZnO/EP (ZES) is also proven by the potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) results, in which the Icorr value is suppressed down to 2.08 × 10−11 A/cm2, thereby achieving an excellent corrosion rate result of 3.38 × 10−11 mm/year. The exceptional barrier protection is ascribed to the presence of a stabilized air interlayer captured within the coating/electrolyte interface thus effectively blocking the penetration of electrolyte into the coating. This facile yet effective one-step processed SHB coating offers an effective route to improve the corrosion resistance performance of the CS metal and thereafter expand its potential applications.

The purpose of this research is to describe the policies that Pancabudi Development University and UMN Alwasliyah Medan implement, the process by which policies are made, the manner in which policies are implemented, any variations in policy implementation, and the challenges that the institutions face in the field and how they resolve them. The present study employs a qualitative research methodology in conjunction with an empirical policy research strategy. By first outlining each policy at each site, doing an analysis inside each site, and then conducting an analysis between sites, this research used a multisite research design. The study's findings demonstrate that Pancabudi Development University has a policy for quality enhancement. 1) a rule requiring all UNPAB instructors and affiliated parties to promptly adapt to higher education standards without the chancellor's commands 2) Modify the metrics and raise the caliber of the literature produced by the instructors 3) Create a rewards program for instructors who successfully publish in journals approved by SINTA and Scopus. 4) Help instructors with their writing 5) Establish "study Saturdays," in which professors are allowed to study on Saturdays. 6) Give importance to the functional roles of lecturers 7) offer recognition and rewards to students who achieve well and engage in activities that enhance the campus's reputation; 8) adopt a philosophy inspired by Professor Khadirun Yahya that emphasizes unity. At Unpab, policy-making involves the bottom line. The challenges encountered are disparities in lecturers' writing skills, which Unpab addresses by offering support. Rules put in place by UMN Alwasliyah Medan 1) Implement academic directives without following the chancellor's instructions; Dikti's regulations are considered academy orders. 2) raise the standard of writing for both instructors and students; 3) publish student theses; 4) help instructors with their writing; 5) LPM UMN conducts frequent audits; and 6) the chancellor established an SMS center for direct complaints from all UMN inhabitants. 7) Online presence of instructors is tracked 8) UMN Alwasliyah's Foundation and Chancellor established a Code of Ethics Team. 9) honors the top instructors in Tridharma-related activities with awards 9) UMN fund handlers, like PTN-BH 10) Form a committee to revise the curriculum. 11) Letters on Alwasliyah philosophy in the same way as Shafs 10 and 11. At UMN, proposals are incorporated into the policy-making process by way of individual hierarchies. By approaching each lecturer differently, the challenges posed by misunderstanding and the shortcomings of some instructors in terms of modifying the writing standard were addressed.

Dengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), affects millions of people worldwide every year. This virus has two distinct life cycles, one in the human and another in the mosquito, and both cycles are crucial to be controlled. To control the vector of DENV, the mosquito Aedes aegypti, scientists employed many techniques, which were later proved ineffective and harmful in many ways. Consequently, the attention shifted to the development of a vaccine; researchers have targeted the E protein, a surface protein of the virus and the NS1 protein, an extracellular protein. There are several types of vaccines developed so far, such as live attenuated vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, viral vectored vaccines, DNA vaccines, and mRNA vaccines. Along with these, scientists are exploring new strategies of developing improved version of the vaccine by employing recombinant DNA plasmid against NS1 and also aiming to prevent the infection by blocking the DENV life cycle inside the mosquitoes. Here, we discussed the aspects of research in the field of vaccines until now and identified some prospects for future vaccine developments.

Global energy trends are experiencing a profound transformation, and the future of transportation will boost sustainable development by controlling energy production and consumption while limiting vehicle emissions. Hence, Electric Vehicles (EVs) can substantially influence energy consumption trends by addressing potential environmental hazards. In the coming decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems will play a crucial role in future EVs' overall energy management systems. Advanced electric vehicle technology and intelligent modules will lead the automotive powertrain architecture. Numerous barriers, such as government support in certain regions, user compatibility, vehicle limitation, battery technology, and charging infrastructure, limit electric vehicle expansion. Therefore, the current state and emerging trends in this area are a matter of concern for increasing the expansion of electric vehicles. This study presents the existing charging technologies and compatible standards that may assist in its adaptability. It also examines the applications of artificial intelligence in electric vehicle development to render a collectively smarter package for EVs. The current level of development, in accordance with the paper's purpose, is to deduce the adaptability of EVs to certain obstacles. Hence, the categorization of methodologies and standards may be investigated and improved by scholars at a later time.

This study attempts to ascertain how Islamic counseling is implemented at Islamic boarding schools in North Sumatra in comparison to conventional counseling. Qualitative descriptive research is what this study is. Interviews and observation are the methods utilized to obtain data. The respondents in this study are BK teachers in Islamic boarding schools located in North Sumatra. Specifically, the respondents are BK teachers employed by the Medan Islamic Center Foundation, Al-Khoir Islamic Boarding School, Darul Mursyid Islamic Boarding School, and Muhammadiyah Kwala Madu Islamic Boarding School. The findings of this study show that: (1) Guidance and counseling have been implemented in Islamic boarding schools in North Sumatra; BK teachers with counseling and guidance certifications have carried out programs and services that have been planned in accordance with field needs; individual and group counseling has been implemented the most frequently. Every Islamic boarding school has a unique emphasis that is modified to meet the requirements of the pupils. In order to create programs and field learning plans, the BK teachers assessed the needs of their pupils using a Problem Revealing Tool (AUM) and a questionnaire that was given to them. (2) The moral growth of pupils is the main goal of the application of Islamic guidance and counseling in North Sumatra's Islamic boarding schools. The services offered by BK teachers are designed to strengthen and instill religious teachings in students, drawing inspiration from the Al-Quran and Hadith. By incorporating religious beliefs into the counseling process, BK teachers use the Islamic counseling approach of "Providing Advice, Bi Al-Hikmah, Mau'izatul Hasanah, Mujadalah, and Warnings" to address student issues.

The micromolar calcium-activated neutral protease 1 (CAPN1) gene encodes the u-calpain enzyme, which plays a crucial role in meat tenderisation. Genetic diversity within the CAPN1 gene, specifically a nucleotide substitution from G to C in exon nine resulting in a change from glycine to alanine at position 316 (CAPN1-316 marker), is known to significantly affect meat tenderness. This study aimed to assess the polymorphism of the CAPN1-316 locus in Bali and Sumbawa cattle. A total of 293 blood samples, 193 from Bali cattle and 100 from Sumbawa cattle were extracted and genotyped using PCR-RFLP with BtgI restriction enzyme (recognition sequence: 5'-C*CRYGG-3') applied to 706 bp PCR products. The results showed the presence of only one genotype (GG genotype) and one allele (G allele) in all DNA samples obtained from the Bali and Sumbawa cattle populations studied. In conclusion, the CAPN1-316 genetic marker showed a lack of diversity or monomorphism in Bali and Sumbawa cattle, making it unsuitable for further association studies in these breeds. Consequently, the CG/AG haplotype identified in Sumbawa cattle warrants further investigation and could serve as an alternative genetic marker, especially due to its monomorphism at the CAPN1-316 locus.

AbstractThis research examined the factors that affect customer satisfaction and switching behavior in the post-merger of the state-owned Islamic banks in Indonesia. Data were collected by distributing an online questionnaire to a total of 210 Muslim customers. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed using SEM-PLS. The findings indicate that product quality can enhance customer satisfaction, and service quality can mitigate customer switching behavior. Interestingly, the Shariah compliance also has a significant effect on customer satisfaction and switching behavior by Indonesian Muslim. This suggested that, in Indonesia, where the majority of the population is Muslim, businesses that prioritize Shariah compliance are more likely to retain customers. Implication of this research provides empirical evidence to Islamic banks regarding the significance of reputation. Based on the findings, bank management tends to consider to integrate the product quality, service quality, and Shariah compliance into the banking business model. It is essential to consistently apply Sharia compliance to enhance customer satisfaction and reduce switching behavior. The Originality of this research is the first in Indonesia to examine customers’ switching behavior in the context of the merger of the State-Owned Islamic Banks. The findings can serve as an evaluation tool for the government and Islamic bank management to strengthen the country’s economy.

A new quality control (QC) test sample for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was created and analysed to test the comparability and repeatability of chemical forensics results within the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)–designated laboratories. The QC test sample was designed in collaboration between four laboratories and consists of 27 compounds which evaluate the performance of GC–MS instruments. This solution was analysed with GC–MS(EI) in 11 laboratories, seven of which were OPCW designated. The participating laboratories analysed the sample multiple times on consecutive days, as well as after the analysis of a set of complex matrix samples. Retention times, retention indices, peak areas, peak tailing values, signal-to-noise ratios, and isotope ratios were extracted from the GC–MS data, and statistical multivariate analyses with principal component analysis and Hotelling's T2-tests were conducted. The results from these analyses indicate that differences between GC–MS analyses by multiple laboratories were not statistically significant at the 5% level, as the approximate p-value for the null hypothesis of “no differences between the runs” was 0.69. However, similar data processing methods and data normalisation are essential for enabling the reliable comparison of chemical fingerprints between laboratories. A composition for the QC sample and criteria for acceptable GC–MS performance for chemical forensics are proposed. The composition and criteria differ from the currently used chemical weapons verification analysis QC sample by e.g. broadening the range for retention index calculations by addition of new alkane compounds, including new chemicals with concentrations close to the limit of detection (10–100 ng/ml), and including compounds with higher polarity to emulate real-life forensic samples. The proposed criteria include monitoring of retention indices, isotope ratios, peak tailing, signal-to-noise ratios, peak height, mass spectra, and sensitivity of the instrument. The new compounds and criteria will be the subject of future confidence building exercises to validate their relevancy on a large scale.

Hybrid power is a combination of two or more alternative energy sources to produce high-efficiency electrical energy under different load conditions. Hybrid energy research has been carried out through previous research, including combining solar and wind, solar and biomass, hydro, thermal, wind, solar and solar with thermoelectric generators. This study designs a hybrid power plant model based on solar and hydroelectricity with a water circulation system. Water falling from the upper reservoir into the lower reservoir is returned to the upper reservoir using an electric pump, and this study is a development of previous research related to alternative hydropower. The method used in this study is the Pahl and Beitz method, including design sketches, material selection, fabrication, and testing phases. The solar cell frame design produced by the Pahl and Beitz process is 100 cm high and 65 cm wide, and the module type used is a 3-piece polycrystalline module. The average power output produced by the 3 solar panels to the cells was 19.76 watts. The test produced 850 watts of total hybrid power, 600 watts DC from solar, and 250 watts DC from hydro.

Online food delivery services (OFDS) which are commonly endeavored by food delivery workers have become revolutionary today. However, the alarming rates of road accidents among them resulted in the announcement of obligatory contributions towards the Social Security Protection scheme in Malaysia, starting 1st October 2021. The Self-Employment Social Security Scheme was introduced to provide protection for individuals who are selfemployed under the provisions of the Self-Employment Social Security Act 2017. A survey was conducted among 50 food delivery riders around Kuala Lumpur and Selangor on awareness of the scheme, exploring delivery rider demographic characteristics, awareness on benefits of the protection scheme, importance, or willingness to commit with the contribution towards social security protection, along with issues of concern during work. The analysis showed that the riders realize the importance and benefits of the Social Security Protection scheme and are willing to commit to it. Various underlying issues on egregious riding act to ensure fast delivery were also elaborated. In conclusion, the above findings provide evidence that food delivery riders understand that positioning them under the self-employment security scheme could provide protection against employment injuries including occupational diseases and accidents during work-related activities. Potential measures for a sound working environment and alleviate risky practices are also discussed.

Road accidents occurred everywhere along the expressway, especially at the inter-urban expressway, due to its high accessibility to wide-ranging highway networks. This study uses dataset from Shah Alam Expressway from 2013 to 2017 to determine the pattern of road accidents which includes the identification of high-risk locations at the expressway as well as the attributes to the accidents at those locations. In order to determine the high-risk location, the weightage point method and accident crash frequency method have been adopted. From the two methods applied, three popular identical sites have been identified as high-risk locations at both the westbound and eastbound. For the west bound, segments 19, 46 and 63 are considered as high risk whereas for the east bound, the high-risk locations are at segments 19, 46 and 60. Most of the accidents at the high-risk locations for west and east bounds caused no injury to road users and happened during daytime. Appropriate countermeasures should be done by local authorities in order to reduce accidents at the above-mentioned area. However, special countermeasures should be considered for segments 8, 28, 31 and 32 at the west bound whereby road accidents frequently happened during nighttime at these locations. On the other hand, a special scheme and countermeasure can be implemented for segment 46 at the eastbound where motorcyclists played a major involvement in road accidents at this location. Future research may consider applying some spatial statistics for detailed analysis to the accident dataset.

Abstract This paper aims to investigate the mechanical and rheological properties of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) in marine ecosystems. The prepared samples comprised silicone rubber (SR) and 70 wt% micron-sized carbonyl iron particles (CIPs), immersed in an artificial marine ecosystem using salt water (Natrium Chloride) for 30 days. The mechanical properties of MRE samples were evaluated using hardness and quasi-static tensile tests. While the rheometer was used to investigate the rheological properties of their storage modulus condition with magnetic field stimulation. Further analysis of the defects and damages caused by salt water ageing was done through morphological observation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) technology. The results showed that the hardness and tensile strength of MRE samples that were soaked in salt water were affected over time. Lower values of hardness and tensile strength were obtained after 30 days due to the presence of Na+ and Cl−, which acted as an accelerator to the hydrolyzation process of the MRE. The process then, enhanced the water ingress capability into the matrix to cause the molecular changes. Interestingly, for rheological properties, 30 days of salt water ageing allowed the water molecules to move the MRE matrix molecular chains apart, a process known as plasticization and thus increasing the MR effect. Furthermore, morphological evidence was established to determine the MRE changes during salt water ageing. The research findings should greatly contribute to a better understanding of the effect of salt water on the performance of MRE.