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Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE), is a captivating optical phenomenon typically observed in the mid‐latitude ionosphere. This paper presents an intriguing observation of a STEVE event at high‐latitudes, approximately 10 degrees poleward of previously documented observations. This event was recorded in Yellowknife, Canada, by a TREx RGB imager and a citizen scientist. Swarm satellites traversed the latitude of the observation, measuring extreme westwards ion drift velocities exceeding 4 km/s. Such velocities are more typically associated with the subauroral region located at mid‐latitudes, rather than at the high‐latitudes reported here. Significantly, this event occurred without a substorm, which differs from previous STEVE observations. While high‐latitude radars detected fast ionospheric equatorward flows, GOES satellite did not record any injections. These observations suggest that the inner magnetosphere is highly inflated. This unique case study raises new questions surrounding subauroral dynamics and the influence of magnetospheric configurations on ionospheric responses. Plain Language Summary: Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement, also known as STEVE, is a fascinating nighttime optical phenomenon that takes place in the upper part of Earth's atmosphere. It can be easily recognized by its distinctive appearance as a narrow white‐mauve arc that is associated with strong westward flows and is situated just equatorward of the auroral oval. Previous research has shown that STEVE events occur together with intense ionospheric flows and occur after specific disturbances in the near‐Earth space environment known as substorms. They have found that substorms are important for creating the special conditions that lead to STEVE and other subauroral enhancements. In our study, we focus on a unique STEVE event that did not occur after a substorm. Furthermore, this observation took place under remarkably quiet solar wind conditions; nevertheless, strong ionospheric flows were recorded. This unusual case raises new questions about the atmospheric responses and how it is affected by the configuration of the magnetic field in space. By investigating these special circumstances, we hope to learn more about STEVE and its causes, which will help us advance our knowledge in the complex ionosphere‐magnetosphere‐solar wind coupled system. Key Points: Non‐storm and non‐substorm Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) occurrenceStrong subauroral flows during quiet geomagnetic conditionsThe ionospheric electrodynamics of this STEVE event differ from previous studies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon known as strong thermal emission velocity enhancement (STEVE) is a narrow optical structure that may extend longitudinally for thousands of kilometers. Initially observed by amateur photographers, it has recently garnered researchers' attention. STEVE has been associated with a rapid westward flow of ions in the ionosphere, known as subauroral ion drift (SAID). In this work, we investigate three occurrences of STEVE, using data from one of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) ground-based all-sky imagers (ASIs) located at Pinawa, Manitoba, and from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). This approach allows us to verify the correlation between STEVE and SAID, as well as analyze the temporal variation of SAID observed during STEVE events. Our results suggest that the SAID activity starts before the STEVE, and the magnitude of the westward flow decreases as the STEVE progresses toward the end of its optical manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ion upflow has great significance for the transport and exchange of particles during magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. Previous studies focus on the ion upflow in the polar region, and find that ion upflow has hemispheric asymmetries. In subauroral region, the ion upflow is closely related with subauroral ion drift (SAID). However, the characteristics of ion upflow associated with SAID in both northern and southern hemispheres are still unknown. Based on the observation of DMSP satellites F16‐F18 from 2010 to 2020, we investigate the north‐south hemisphere distributions of ion upflow associated with SAID during quiet and disturbed time. The ion upflow rate presents localized features in both hemispheres. The ion upflow rate in the southern hemisphere is slightly higher/lower than that in the northern hemisphere before/after 1900 MLT. The ion upflow velocity in the southern hemisphere shows a clear dependence on magnetic local time (MLT). Furthermore, We find that the hemispheric asymmetry of ion upflow is closely related to the asymmetric configuration of the ionospheric parameters such as plasma density, conductance and solar elevation angle during magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. The result also indicates that SAID and sunlight condition play important roles in the ion upflow in subauroral region. Key Points: Ion upflow occurrence rate in the southern hemisphere is slightly higher/lower than that in the northern hemisphere before/after 1900 MLTThe ion upflow velocity exhibits a strong dependence on MLT, which was observed in the southern hemisphere in this studyBesides subauroral ion drift, the sunlight condition also affects the occurrence rate and velocity of ion upflow in both hemispheres [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edward Said's life's work illustrated the very argument for individual agency that became a theoretical focus for him beginning with his classic 1978 study, Orientalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hidden away at the end of Edward Said's seminal text, Orientalism, is a brief summary of his main arguments. Consisting of what he calls 'four principal dogmas', these establish the binary differences between East and West that make up the substantive bulk of his focus – namely us versus them, modernity versus atavism, subject versus object and humanity versus barbarity. This paper uses each as a vantage point from which to analyse and problematise established narratives on the relationship between Islam and political violence. Bringing together a wide-ranging field of scholarship and commentary, it aims to move beyond critique and towards a more sustained, and challenging, focus on the conceptual and empirical flaws that underpin the Occidental half of these apparently settled distinctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transnational configuration of contemporary German literature cannot be detached from its historical continuum, since such a separation would render the archive of histories of exile in and out of Germany inconsistent and incomplete. Bringing literary histories of exile in a dialogue, in this instance, Exilliteratur, represented by prominent German authors, who, during the Second World War, immigrated to Southern California (Thomas Mann, Heinrich Mann, Bertolt Brecht, Lion Feuchtwanger, and Franz Werfel, among others), as well as Anna Seghers and Stefan Zweig, who went into exile in Mexico and Brazil, respectively, and the emerging literature of contemporary transnational or so-called hyphenated German ("Bindestrich-Deutsche") writers would enable an inclusive paradigm that communicates across communities of research. To that end, I briefly review one novel each by Anna Seghers and Lion Feuchtwanger and essays by the Iranian-German poet SAID, which exemplify the two distinctive genres of exile literature: the long-established Exilliteratur and what I elsewhere described as transnational literature of writers mostly from the non-Western world, who in the latter part of the twentieth century began immigrating to the West. While I acknowledge the different circumstances and historical imperatives that have dictated the features of the two genres, I foreground the ethical implications and the cautionary tales the respective works of Exilliteratur authors and transnational writers share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the Abnormal Sub‐Auroral Ion Drifts (ASAID) developed in the postmidnight (1–4) magnetic local time sector in 2013. Shown by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F15 horizontal ion velocity measurements, we specified 21 antisunward (eastward) ASAID flow channels (FCs) based on their respective underlying polar convections. Overall, the polar convection formed a two‐cell pattern with its convection axis tilted in the morning‐evening direction because of the underlying BY < 0 conditions. Its dawn cell intruded into the duskside from the dawnside where the eastward ASAID flows were streaming antisunward, opposite to the dawn cell sunward convection flows. Mostly, the ASAID FC appeared in the coinciding ring‐current–related ionospheric trough and flow‐stagnation–related main ionospheric trough in the South American sector because of the favorable conditions created by the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly promoting also the development of Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arc. Rarely observed, the ASAID FC was associated with the SAR arc detected over Rothera. Detected in the Mid Pacific longitude sector, a pair of northern‐southern ASAID FCs demonstrated northern‐southern conjugacy. With correlated observations, demonstrating magnetosphere‐ionosphere conjugacy, the inward (earthward) ASAID electric (E) field could also be investigated. These reveal the ASAID E field's fast‐time development by short‐circuiting when the hot‐ring‐current—cold‐plasmasphere interface developed and became impacted by finite Larmor radius effects because of the earthward intrusion of hot ring current protons. The ASAID E field's inner‐magnetosphere environment was characterized by the hot zone where heating was generated by low‐frequency waves and auroral kilometric radiations. Key Points: The postmidnight eastward Abnormal Sub‐Auroral Ion Drifts (ASAID) flows streamed antisunward: opposite to the dawn cell's sunward flowsThe ASAID flows were associated mostly with the ring ionospheric trough and sometimes with the SAR arcThe inward (earthward) ASAID E field developed by short‐circuiting when finite Larmor radius effects dominated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have surveyed the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F15 plots of horizontal ion velocity measurements for the calendar year of 2013 and specified 15 antisunward (westward) sub‐auroral ion drifts (SAID) detections taken in the 1–4 magnetic local time (MLT) sector based on their respective underlying polar convections. We find that during these 15 SAID events, the strong duskside westward polar plasma convection extended across the midnight meridian into the postmidnight 1–4 MLT sector making there the westward SAID flows streaming antisunward. These antisunward (westward) SAID flows were observed only once as a northern‐southern conjugate pair over the Mid Pacific and repeatedly in the South American longitude sector's wider region. We could correlate six antisunward (westward) SAID flows with their respective nearby outward SAID E fields observed by one of the Van Allen Probe (VAP) satellites in the inner magnetosphere. These provided two strong correlations depicting inner‐magnetosphere—topside‐ionosphere conjugate observations and four weak correlations. The VAP observations illustrate (a) the newly‐formed outward SAID E field and (b) its plasma environment still showing (c) the signatures of short‐circuiting across (d) the newly‐formed plasmapause appearing with (e) the hot zone on the earthward/tailward side and sometimes with (f) a localized heat source. Implying different underlying heating mechanisms, the hot zone and the heat source were associated with energetic plasma particles accelerated by plasma turbulence, low‐frequency waves including electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, and/or auroral kilometric radiation bursts. Key Points: Antisunward (westward) sub‐auroral ion drifts (SAID) flows were observed in the 1–4 magnetic local time sector near South America 14 times in 2013In the inner magnetosphere, the outward SAID E field developed via short‐circuiting near the newly‐formed plasmapauseThe hot zone and heat source were heated by the enhanced energetic e−/i+ population, electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and/or auroral kilometric radiation bursts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each culture is characterized by specific values and ideas; but cultures change together with the related social systems, and new cultural divides are created and bridged in a circular flow. Music can act as a cultural mediator, helping individuals and groups to get rid of their differences and promoting a greater social harmony. This study analyzes Claude Debussy’s Préludes, discussing how and why this work combines traits of Western and Eastern music cultures, and can therefore be considered as an example of cultural mediation.

This research discussed an important issue of the Science of Hadith, most specifically related to the features of riwayah al-Hadith and condition of its delivery. The main questions of this research are: Is it necessary to pronounce the word "said" or "saying" while narrating the chain of Hadith? And if this word omitted – purposively or not purposively –, does it cause a big problem according to the rules of The science of Hadith? And are there special conditions for oral delivery that differ from writing? Thus, this study aims to answer these questions by referring to the scholars' views and their reasons while selecting Ibn Shaqrun – one of the great scholars of Hadith – as a model who is among the first scholars that discussed this issue. Ibn shaqrun's views and perspectives in this regard are analyzed and evaluated by using an analytical critical method. The study finally resulted to the permission of omitting the word "Said" or "saying" in both writing and oral delivery of the Hadith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York on 11th September, 2001, left behind 2977 dead, an altered Manhattan skyline and a changed world order marked by a formidable upsurge of global discourses pertaining to terrorism, multiculturalism, xenophobia, collective memory, and so forth. Indeed, 9/11 inhabits a discursive field of narratives/counter-narratives defying closure. Taking into cognizance this inevitability of myriad discourses, the present paper engages with the politics of the emergence of the discursively constructed Islamic Other in the post-9/11 national imaginary. Using the Foucauldian ideas of Power/Knowledge and “regime of Truth” along with Said’s major premises as are found in the works Orientalism and Covering Islam, the paper attempts to debunk the idea that “innocent”, neutral and objective representations in the media have been the norm. It argues that the fanatical, regressive and jehad-driven stereotype of the Islamic Other that gained visibility/ circulation/ legitimisation in the post-9/11 American socio-political culturescape had a Stateist genesis rooted in the reductive, ahistorical, Manichean binary of “us versus them” which essentially constituted the official discourse. It traces the trajectory of the Arab-American experience from initial erasure/ invisibility to hyper-visibility in the post-9/11 years, a time marked by deep fractures in the civil society where xenophobia, racial profiling and jingoistic patriotism became normalised. One way of generating resistance to such workings of power is by launching a counternarrative through the literary text. Consequently, the paper ends with a detailed engagement with two novels, one by Mohsin Hamid and another by Laila Halaby, that resist the official stereotypes/discourses while foregrounding the various registers of Othering in the post-9/11 years.

Each culture is characterized by specific values and ideas; but cultures change together with the related social systems, and new cultural divides are created and bridged in a circular flow. Music can act as a cultural mediator, helping individuals and groups to get rid of their differences and promoting a greater social harmony. This study analyzes Claude Debussy’s Préludes, discussing how and why this work combines traits of Western and Eastern music cultures, and can therefore be considered as an example of cultural mediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing multi‐point observations, we investigate a series of inner‐magnetosphere configurations formed at Kp ≤ 3+ when the magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) conjugate Abnormal Sub‐Auroral Ion Drifts (ASAID) developed near the plasmapause. We analyze the development of ASAID by adopting the recent theories of (1) fast‐time short‐circuiting explaining SAID development and (2) Larmor radius effects explaining ASAID development. The earthward ASAID electric field developed (1) by short‐circuiting when the reconnection‐related earthbound hot ring current (RC) electrons became stopped and ions kept moving earthward and started their usual Larmor rotations, and (2) because of the larger Larmor radius of the hot RC ions creating excess positive charges in the nearby cold‐inner‐edge plasmasheet plasma and deficit negative charges inside the hot RC region. Respective new findings include the observations of (1a) earthward hot RC ion injections across and near the ASAID channel in the inner magnetosphere and (1b) the localized increase of energetic proton differential fluxes (good proxy for hot RC ions) in the topside ionosphere within the ASAID channel, and (2a) M‐I conjugate ASAID and ASAID‐SAID series created by their respective single intrusion and repeated intrusions of hot RC ions into the cold plasmasheet plasma. New findings also include (3) the specifications of plasma waves such as Kelvin‐Helmholtz surface waves and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves developed in the inner‐magnetosphere during plasmasheet rippling, and (4) the development of multiple ASAID channels in the hot zone impacted by EMIC waves. Key Points: Abnormal Sub‐Auroral Ion Drifts (ASAID) developed in various inner‐magnetosphere configurations by short‐circuiting at quiet timesElectromagnetic ion cyclotron waves developed in some of the configurations during short‐circuiting and impacted the hot zone and ASAIDCommonly the above mentioned two phenomena were driven by the hot energetic ions' interactions with the cold plasmasheet plasma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is crucial for inflammasome assembly and activation of several inflammasomes, including NLRP3. ASC aggregates are detected in human sera post pyroptotic cell death, but their inflammasome origin remains unclear., Method: This study aimed to develop a method to detect ASC aggregates originating from NLRP3 inflammasomes. Initially, human monocytes, macrophages, and THP-1 ASC reporter cells were employed to validate the detection of ASC/NLRP3-positive events through flow cytometry., Results: The presence of ASC/NLRP3 specks was confirmed in cell supernatants from monocytes and macrophages treated with LPS and nigericin or ATP. Flow cytometry analysis identified double-positive specks in patient sera from inflammatory conditions when compared with healthy controls. Elevated ASC/NLRP3 specks were observed in conditions such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome and Schnitzler's syndrome., Conclusion: We validated fluorescence-activated cell sorting as a reliable method for detecting ASC/NLRP3 specks in human sera, with potential diagnostic and monitoring applications in certain systemic autoinflammatory diseases., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology.)

This paper starts by discussing the specific use of Orientalism in the Romanian culture. Focus is laid upon the Romanian scholar Dimitrie Cantemir (1673-1723), the first Christian historian who was allowed to use the Ottoman archives for his work. Then Ienăchiţă Văcărescu or Kelemen Mikes offer alternative Orientalist discourses. Unfortunately, Said’s seminal essay neglects everything that is East of Vienna in terms of Orientalism. Criticizing the binary opposition West-Orient, in fact Said reiterates it in his work by neglecting the Eastern European periphery. The conclusion is that Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) offers interesting examples of Orientalisms where the power relationships are constructed differently.

The transnational configuration of contemporary German literature cannot be detached from its historical continuum, since such a separation would render the archive of histories of exile in and out of Germany inconsistent and incomplete. Bringing literary histories of exile in a dialogue, in this instance, Exilliteratur, represented by prominent German authors, who, during the Second World War, immigrated to Southern California (Thomas Mann, Heinrich Mann, Bertolt Brecht, Lion Feuchtwanger, and Franz Werfel, among others), as well as Anna Seghers and Stefan Zweig, who went into exile in Mexico and Brazil, respectively, and the emerging literature of contemporary transnational or so-called hyphenated German (“Bindestrich-Deutsche”) writers would enable an inclusive paradigm that communicates across communities of research. To that end, I briefly review one novel each by Anna Seghers and Lion Feuchtwanger and essays by the Iranian-German poet SAID, which exemplify the two distinctive genres of exile literature: the long-established Exilliteratur and what I elsewhere described as transnational literature of writers mostly from the non-Western world, who in the latter part of the twentieth century began immigrating to the West. While I acknowledge the different circumstances and historical imperatives that have dictated the features of the two genres, I foreground the ethical implications and the cautionary tales the respective works of Exilliteratur authors and transnational writers share.

This paper starts by discussing the specific use of Orientalism in the Romanian culture. Focus is laid upon the Romanian scholar Dimitrie Cantemir (1673-1723), the first Christian historian who was allowed to use the Ottoman archives for his work. Then Ienăchiţă Văcărescu or Kelemen Mikes offer alternative Orientalist discourses. Unfortunately, Said's seminal essay neglects everything that is East of Vienna in terms of Orientalism. Criticizing the binary opposition West-Orient, in fact Said reiterates it in his work by neglecting the Eastern European periphery. The conclusion is that Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) offers interesting examples of Orientalisms where the power relationships are constructed differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marr's critique of Indo-European philology is analysed in the light of contemporary postcolonial theory, showing how Marr considered "Indo-Europeanism" to be something very close to a Foucauldian discourse of power/knowledge. It is suggested that here one finds both the strengths and weakness of Marr's ideas, which alerts us to certain problems in much postcolonial theory today. Genetic connections between Marr's ideas and contemporary postcolonial studies are revealed. Marr's ideas are then compared to the critique of the ideology of the Aryan supremacy developed by the Indian anti-caste intellectuals Phule and Ambedkar, in which the symbiotic relationship between imperial philology and brahman domination over the lower castes were revealed and subjected to critique. Important continuities are identified, and it is suggested that an approach to the interaction between European powers and colonial peoples' needs to pay particular attention to the social divisions among the latter and the complex modes of dialogue that accompanied colonialism and its aftermath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekstasis: Revista de Hermenêutica e Fenomenologia is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm, citizen scientist observations from Dunedin (45.95°S, 170.32°E), New Zealand, revealed a bright wide red arc known as stable auroral red (SAR) arc evolving into a thin white‐mauve arc, known as Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE). An all‐sky imager at the Mount John Observatory (43.99°S, 170.46°E), 200 km north of Dunedin, detected an extremely bright arc in 630.0 nm, with a peak of ∼6 kR, colocated with the arc measured at Dunedin at an assumed height of 425 km. Swarm satellite data measured plasma parameters that showed strong subauroral ion drift signatures when the SAR arc was observed. These conditions intensified to extremely high values in a thinner channel when STEVE was present. Our results highlight the fast evolution of plasma properties and their effects on optical emissions. Current theories and models are unable to reproduce or explain these observations. Plain Language Summary: A variety of optical structures are observed in the "subauroral" region. This region is at lower latitudes adjacent to the auroral zone. These phenomena are distinct from auroras, as their optical signatures appear to be triggered by extreme thermal and kinetic energy in Earth's atmosphere, rather than produced by energetic particles raining down into our atmosphere. Two such subauroral optical structures are "stable auroral red (SAR) arcs" and "Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE)". Although, SAR arcs and STEVE, both occur during geomagnetically active conditions in the subauroral region, their appearance differs significantly with distinct spectra, scale‐size, and duration. We combined images captured by a citizen scientist in New Zealand on 17 March 2015 with data from a scientific all‐sky imager as well as satellites. We observed the evolution of an unusually bright SAR arc into STEVE. We show satellite measurements of a region of fast‐moving particles, known as "subauroral ion drift," at the same time the SAR arc occurred. Later, when STEVE was present, these conditions further intensified into a narrower band with higher temperature and faster flows. These observations highlight the benefits of combining citizen scientist observations with scientific data to help discover new connections in Geospace. Key Points: Citizen scientist images show for the first time the evolution of a stable auroral red (SAR) arc into Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE)An all‐sky imager measured a bright, ∼6 kR, SAR arc colocated with the arc observed by the citizen scientist when the emission height is 425 kmSwarm data show subauroral ion drift conditions during a conjunction with the SAR arc observation. Later, these conditions intensify when STEVE is measured [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay offers a reading of Stathis Gourgouris's The Perils of the One (2019). The peril of the One is primarily, Zartaloudis suggests, its poverty of experience. The impoverishment of experience is the purpose of transcendental foundations of the One, which, in Western traditions, is presupposed through a binary schema of power whereby potency is exhausted in actuality. This binary of power corresponds historically to the Christian Trinitarian oikonomia that predates the transcendental foundationalism of sovereign power/law and secular government. Hence, the age-old discourses that have been produced over many centuries over heteronomy and/or autonomy, across the theological, philosophical, juridical, and political spectrum, revolve around the same false paradox of how to form order in the world from a transcendental vantage point, without being able, by definition, to unfold it in the world. Determined to separate the false paradox (the "world" according to the One) from the true paradox (the cosmological abyss) within which it unfolds, humanity is thought to be destined to an inevitable state of war as if by nature. Secular criticism (in the manner of Edward Said and Gourgouris) as a tradition of thought offers an alternative to the polemic between traditions that are structured according to a false paradox (a world as the world) attempting to erase the unmappable cosmos. Such criticism, it is proposed, could become ever more creative and inviting if it reached out across traditions to compose an impassioned poietic thread that is premised on the negation neither of traditions nor of the irreparable cosmological abyss that marks our species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines spatiality, exile, and political engagement in the short story "Press Clippings" ("Recortes de prensa") (1980) by Julio Cortázar. Its aim is to contribute to a new understanding of how spatial metaphors operate in Cortázar's oeuvre, a dimension often obscured by a critical focus on temporality. While the question of spatiality in his works has received some scholarly attention, an in-depth analysis of the connections between narrative space, exile, and political critique in this story remains to be undertaken. Drawing on Said's ideas on the spatio-cultural aspects of exile (2000), and Deleuze and Guattari's theories on smooth and striated space (1987), I argue that the spatial metaphors in the narrative, such as the protagonist's "nomadic" movement through Paris, examine political engagement through art from a position in exile and illustrate how an exile's experience of the homeland is predominantly mediated through fragments of cultural texts. The analysis demonstrates how Cortázar uses literary space in the story to critique state terror in Argentina during the "Dirty War". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente artículo analiza la conceptualización paradójica del exilio según el paradigma de Said y expande dicho análisis con las reflexiones de Joseba Sarrionandia. En la obra de Sarrionandia se percibe un viaje intelectual hasta llegar a la posición ontológica del exilio. El silencio y la búsqueda de una nueva lengua son dos momentos de tránsito en el itinerario sarrionandiano hasta armar una escritura capaz de expresar la perspectiva de marginalidad y disidencia que supone el exilio como paradigma. El final del artículo se enfoca en el erudito ensayo Moroak gara behelaino artean? para comprender a grandes rasgos la escritura contrapuntística de Sarrionandia.

Copyright of School Chronicle / Šolska Kronika is the property of Slovenski Solski Muzej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York on 11th September, 2001, left behind 2977 dead, an altered Manhattan skyline and a changed world order marked by a formidable upsurge of global discourses pertaining to terrorism, multiculturalism, xenophobia, collective memory, and so forth. Indeed, 9/11 inhabits a discursive field of narratives/counter-narratives defying closure. Taking into cognizance this inevitability of myriad discourses, the present paper engages with the politics of the emergence of the discursively constructed Islamic Other in the post-9/11 national imaginary. Using the Foucauldian ideas of Power/Knowledge and "regime of Truth" along with Said's major premises as are found in the works Orientalism and Covering Islam, the paper attempts to debunk the idea that "innocent", neutral and objective representations in the media have been the norm. It argues that the fanatical, regressive and jehad-driven stereotype of the Islamic Other that gained visibility/ circulation/ legitimisation in the post-9/11 American socio-political culturescape had a Stateist genesis rooted in the reductive, ahistorical, Manichean binary of "us versus them" which essentially constituted the official discourse. It traces the trajectory of the Arab-American experience from initial erasure/ invisibility to hyper-visibility in the post-9/11 years, a time marked by deep fractures in the civil society where xenophobia, racial profiling and jingoistic patriotism became normalised. One way of generating resistance to such workings of power is by launching a counternarrative through the literary text. Consequently, the paper ends with a detailed engagement with two novels, one by Mohsin Hamid and another by Laila Halaby, that resist the official stereotypes/discourses while foregrounding the various registers of Othering in the post-9/11 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article confronts postcolonial criticism with postcritique, a proposal by Rita Felski for a hermeneutic strategy aiming to overcome the limits of critique. Because of its self-reflexivity, its liaison with poststructuralism, and the societal categories it mobilizes, postcritics often see postcolonial criticism as a quintessential example of critique. However, postcolonial authors share similar concerns as postcritics, particularly when warning against any hasty conflation between intellectual work and political commitment. This article argues that the postcritical understanding of critique eschews the connection between critique and the realm of culture, thereby running the risk of doing away with context altogether. In order to account for the frameworks or contexts in which cultural objects are produced, without falling into some of the pitfalls of critique that postcritique aims to counter, the article proposes to look at the figure of the author as a bridge between the individual and the collective, as Edward Said suggests. The article closes with an analysis of several (critical and postcritical) readings of J. M. Coetzee's The Childhood of Jesus to provide an example of how authorship can enter the interpretive scene through the figure of 'late style'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trata-se da tradução de uma palestra dada pro Hisham Matar acerca de biografia e ficção em Conrad e Said em Nova York em Outubro de 2018.

This paper focuses on some of the writings of Karl Marx on India in English to indicate something of the extent of his astonishing knowledge of the subcontinent’s political and socioeconomic history, and to highlight the incisiveness of his critique of British rule in India. In the process, it attempts to show Marx’s (and Friedrich Engels’) sensitivity as well as understanding of the plight of Indians under the East India Company’s rule, and his quite overt and powerful denunciation of British excesses during the Sepoy Mutiny. In addition, the paper underscores the importance of these writings for us in South Asia, and stresses their continuing relevance in our time. It also emphasizes Marx’s mastery of details of Indian history, land laws, and topography. Moreover, it accentuates the rhetorical persuasiveness with which he makes his case against British rule in India and underscores his command over English prose. The paper ends by suggesting that all postcolonial scholars dealing with the subcontinent as well as students of Marxism can benefit by studying Marx’s pioneering role in critiquing British colonial rule in India.

In this study, we present the first data obtained from the new Transition Region Explorer (TREx) RGB Imager and analyze the apparent motion of STEVE and the Picket Fence structures in an event on 31 August 2019. The structures associated with STEVE are found to feature a fast westward motion (~5–10 km/s). This is consistent with the notions that STEVE is colocated with a fast subauroral ion drift (SAID) channel and that SAIDs play a key role in the production of STEVE. The apparent motion of the Picket Fence structures is much slower (~400–600 m/s) and can be both westward and eastward. This implies that either the Picket Fence is located at different magnetic flux tubes from that of STEVE, with much slower plasma convection speed, or that the motion of the Picket Fence does not follow the plasma convection. Plain Language Summary: The recently mounted Transition Region Explorer (TREx) RGB Imager is designed to capture "true color" images of the aurora and airglow with high time resolution and is thus ideal for the identification and tracking of STEVE (pink/mauve) and the Picket Fence (green) phenomena. Using the first data from the new TREx RGB imager at Lucky Lake, Canada, we analyze the apparent motion of STEVE and Picket Fence structures in an event on 31 August 2019. The structures associated with STEVE display a fast westward motion (~5–10 km/s), which is part of the reason for its acronym (velocity enhancement). The apparent motions of the Picket Fence structures are much slower (~400–600 m/s) and can be both westward and eastward. The above information on the motion speed of STEVE and the Picket Fence is important to the ongoing exploration of their underlying mechanisms. Key Points: We analyze the motion of STEVE and the Picket Fence using the first data obtained from the new Transition Region Explorer True‐Color ImagerThe structures within STEVE show a rapid westward motion (~5–10 km/s), compatible with the speed of a fast subauroral ion drift (SAID) channelThe motion of the Picket Fence is much slower (~400–600 m/s) and can be both westward and eastward, implying a strong flow shear with SAID [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of Palestine has remained the ultimate test for intellectual and political consistency. In this article we canvass the discrepancies between two opposing French intellectual traditions in relation to Palestine, and scrutinise them in relation to Israel's investments in political languages designed for external constituencies. The article concludes with an observation on how French feminist voices are today shaping the conversation about the Palestine question in progressive ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a mechanism to explain the subauroral emission feature called STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement), with a focus on its continuum spectrum. Spacecraft observations show that emissions co‐occur with typically invisible plasma flows known as subauroral ion drifts. If these flows are fast enough, nitrogen molecules are vibrationally excited by collisions with ions, overcoming the activation energy of the N2+O→NO+N reaction. The resulting NO combines with ambient O, producing NO2 and spectrally broad light. Importantly, this mechanism also produces N, which reduces the lifetime of NO from hours to seconds and thus explains why the emission is confined to a discrete arc. The predicted emission altitude (≳130 km) and occurrence conditions (≳4‐km/s flows) match well with observations. We simulate this mechanism using a simple photochemical model to demonstrate its validity. This mechanism is initiated by fast ion flows and is thus distinct from auroral and airglow processes. Plain Language Summary: Citizen scientists and night‐sky photographers have been capturing pictures of a peculiar type of polar light for many years but only recently has the scientific community explored its significance. This narrow purple/white arc stretches east‐west across the sky and has come to be known as Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE). Although its appearance is suggestive of aurora, it is not caused by fast electrons from the magnetosphere, and it is dominated by a broad spectrum (mostly white light). Most auroral and airglow emissions are caused by electronic transitions of atmospheric constituents initiated by electron or photon impact, producing spectrally discrete light. The physical processes producing the light in STEVEs are unknown, particularly the chemical mechanism that produces light that could appear white. In this work we describe a candidate mechanism where fast‐moving ions cause vibrational excitation of nitrogen molecules, which then undergo chemical reactions to produce spectrally broad light. These fast‐moving ions are known to co‐occur with STEVEs. This hypothesis is supported by a simple chemical simulation, but observational validation is needed. Key Points: The NO2 continuum can explain the broadband emission of STEVEsN2 is vibrationally excited via impact by ions inside SAIDs, which enhances NO production and thus the NO2 continuumThis process requires 3 eV of translational ion energy, which explains why STEVEs occur only above 130 km and only for the fastest SAIDs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there are major differences between their respective religious paths and personal lives, there are also important areas of convergence between the beliefs and practices of Pope John XXIII (formerly Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli) and Said Nursi. Both saw a world of massive injustice, inequality and violence; both saw humans on their own as unable to meet these challenges; and both found resources to guide humanity in the wisdom of their respective religious traditions. Both worked tirelessly to actualise the promise of peace of their particular religious paths. Both believed in religious freedom. Roncalli knew and respected Muslims from his years serving as a papal envoy in Sofia, Bulgaria, and in Istanbul. As Pope John XXIII, he changed Catholic teaching by affirming for the first time in Catholic history the right of religious freedom. Nursi interpreted the Islamic heritage of prophecy and wisdom in relation to the challenges of his context. Pope John and Nursi drew lessons from the prophets of their traditions to guide contemporary believers. Both stand as beacons of hope for humanity in the 21st century. Nursi and Pope John appreciated the deep anxieties of their contemporaries over the many threats and uncertainties of modern life; both knew the havoc that can be brought by unchecked human passions. Submission to God as the one sure path to peace was at the very centre of Nursi’s understanding of Islam and human life. It was also central to Pope John’s understanding of Christian discipleship.

Conservative thought is structurally different from liberal. Conservative thought defines actions that all individuals must take, and therefore is absolutist. Liberal thought focuses on individuals, their desires and motives, and therefore is relativist, allowing many valid courses of action. Liberalism, which defines the modern Western state, is like a credenza that allows many cubbyholes, each of which can be filled by a conservatism. Conservatism is intolerant of other conservatisms, so only liberalism can serve as the overstructure of many; any conservatism can threaten to expand outwards to take over the whole. Yet another current threat to the liberal over-structure is Perverted Liberalism (PL), which uses the vocabulary of liberalism but attempts to take over its relativist structure like a conservatism. The goal of PL is however not to change the world, it is to force expressions of guilt and contrition on the part of those its adepts see as the more powerful. Because the victories of PL are victories of words only, it has taken root in the temple of words, academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study we further investigate the development of abnormal subauroral ion drifts/polarization streams (ASAID/ASAPS) during the magnetically quiet days of 9–10 October 2003. Our main aim is to provide direct observational evidence verifying that the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F15 detected quiet‐time ASAID/ASAPS features developed due to the formation of a magnetospheric cold plasma ripple‐hot ring current interface. By utilizing multisatellite and multi‐instrument Cluster_C2, Polar, and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program observations, we investigate plasma rippling and Pi2 pulsation events. In good agreement with the associated empirical scenario of plasma sheet rippling, we demonstrate with various C2 and Polar events the following observational results. (1) The rippling of the plasma sheet's inner edge was related to the process of cross‐tail current disruption and its earthward propagation. (2) The Pi2 pulsation of the cross‐tail EY field reversed the local convection flow when EY was dawnward directed and thus caused plasma ripples while (3) energy was provided by the earthward flows' braking/deceleration. (4) The ASAID/ASAPS feature's underlying EY is antisunward (or dawnward) and EZ is inward (or earthward). By tracking the cross‐tail current disruptions' tailward (by Cluster_C2) and earthward (by Polar) propagations, almost simultaneously, our results demonstrate also that the convection flows' local reversal by the dawnward EY is a common feature of both the tailward and the earthward flows. This study demonstrates also, with multiple plasmapause and EY detections made by Polar, the multiple and mixed occurrences of ASAID and SAID in the plasmasphere's rippled outer edge. Key Points: Fluctuating magnetospheric cross‐tail EY rippled the plasma sheet's inner edge when ASAID/ASAPS appearedCross‐tail EY fluctuated in the Pi2 frequency range leading to ASAID/ASAPS developmentEnergy for plasma sheet rippling was provided by braking/decelerating earthward convection flows [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is currently known about the optical phenomenon known as Steve. The first scientific publication on the subject suggests that Steve is associated with an intense subauroral ion drift (SAID). However, additional inquiry is warranted as this suggested relationship as it is based on a single case study. Here we present eight occurrences of Steve with coincident or near‐coincident measurements from the European Space Agency's Swarm satellites and show that Steve is consistently associated with SAID. When satellite observations coincident with Steve are compared to that of typical SAID, we find the SAID associated with Steve to have above average peak ion velocities and electron temperatures, as well as extremely low plasma densities. Key Points: Eight Steve events were identified in all‐sky imager measurements with coincident or near‐coincident measurements from the Swarm satellitesIn all cases, evidence of subauroral ion drifts are observed in Swarm measurementsAll measurements of SAID overlapping with Steve have very fast ion flows, high electron temperatures, and extremely low plasma densities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocular inflammation is one of the most common symptom of eye disorders and diseases. The therapeutic management of this inflammation must be rapid and effective in order to avoid deleterious effects for the eye and the vision. Steroidal (SAID) and non-steroidal (NSAID) anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressive agents have been shown to be effective in treating inflammation of the ocular surface of the eye by topical administration. However, it is well established that the anatomical and physiological ocular barriers are limiting factors for drug penetration. In addition, such drugs are generally characterized by a very low aqueous solubility, resulting in low bioavailability as only 1% to 5% of the applied drug permeates the cornea. The present review gives an updated insight on the conventional formulations used in the treatment of ocular inflammation, i.e., ointments, eye drops, solutions, suspensions, gels, and emulsions, based on the commercial products available on the US, European, and French markets. Additionally, sophisticated formulations and innovative ocular drug delivery systems will be discussed. Promising results are presented with micro- and nanoparticulated systems, or combined strategies with polymers and colloidal systems, which offer a synergy in bioavailability and sustained release. Finally, different tools allowing the physical characterization of all these delivery systems, as well as in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluations, will be considered with regards to the safety, the tolerance, and the efficiency of the drug products.

Academics nowadays have invented many phrases for which they demand widespread acceptance that do not accurately represent reality, or which make no sense when we consider them closely. Prime among these is the concept of “sexual assault,” which has made its way into state laws and the UCMJ since its coinage in the 1960s and 1970s and is now a mainstay of training on college campuses. This concept is flawed because it includes all sexual actions under the rubric of the noun “assault,” as if we spoke of “driving aggression” rather than “aggressive driving,” to color all driving with the possibility of aggression. It is simply not true that sexuality is nothing but one more form aggression, and that all sex is potentially aggression if it is perceived by one partner as such. Another false coinage we are asked to accept is the notion that men “objectivize” women. In fact few men want to sleep with or get an erotic charge from objects; if anything the issue seems to be focus on physical details. Then there is the widely repeated assertion that “gender is assigned at birth.” Rather than debating whether or not this is so we should ask whether the concept itself makes sense. Assigned? By what entity? Just at birth? These are examples of linguistic over-reach, the attempt to change the world with words rather than letting a change in the way we see the world (Kuhn’s paradigm shift) produce corresponding words in a more gradual way that most of us can accept. Just because we hear these phrases all the time from professional wordsmith academics with axes to grind, we need not feel constrained to accept them if they are not accurate representations of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]