Search

Background: The standard treatment guidelines of neurocysticercosis have been described as per computed tomography (CT)-based studies. We aimed to prospectively study if posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearance rates of neurocysticercosis were like those reported in literature using CT., Methods: A prospective observational study in newly diagnosed children with neurocysticercosis was undertaken. Children were treated with antihelminthics and steroids and followed up after 6 months. The primary objective was to study the proportion of children with single-lesion neurocysticercosis who were in radiologic resolution at 6 months and clinical remission (seizure-free for the preceding 3 months)., Results: Eighty of 128 consecutive children screened were included (single lesion, 65; multiple lesions, 15). Seventy-two children were evaluated at 6 months. Seizure recurrence was seen in 5 (6.2%). Brain MRI showed an overall clearance of lesions in 10 (14%) children. In the children with single-lesion neurocysticercosis (65), 59 were followed up at 6 months, and lesions resolved in 9 (15.3%, 95% confidence interval of 6.1-24.4)., Conclusions: In children with single-lesion neurocysticercosis treated with antihelminthics and corticosteroids, the lesion resolution rate is only 15% at 6 months. Thus, there is a need to review old recommendations and use MRI as a standard outcome measure., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: Dravet syndrome is an infantile-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with limited data on the frequency of SCN1A in Indian children. The study aimed to identify and characterize the burden of SCN1A pathogenic variants associated with the Dravet syndrome phenotype through genetic testing in the North Indian population., Method: In this prospective, cross-sectional study from March 2015 to February 2019, we enrolled 52 children with Dravet syndrome phenotype who underwent genetic testing for SCN1A gene pathogenicity. We assessed variant effect using multiple algorithms, and genetic test results were reported based on recommendations from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Additionally, we performed multiplex-ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to detect copy number variations of the SCN1A gene in children without identified genetic pathogenicity (n = 22) and analysed the results using Coffalyser.net., Results: Of the 52 probands studied, pathogenic variants in the SCN1A gene were identified in 30 children. Among these variants, 11 truncating variants (3 frame-shift variants, 3 intronic variants in splice site regions, and 5 nonsense variants) in 12 unrelated probands, and 17 missense variants in 18 unrelated probands were found. The genetic yield of SCN1A pathogenicity in our cohort (n = 52) was 58 %. Additionally, two of the identified variants were novel. Furthermore, MLPA analysis of the SCN1A gene in 22 children without pathogenic variants yielded no results., Conclusion: This work represents a genetic analysis of a Dravet syndrome cohort, revealing a 58 % burden of SCN1A variants in children with the Dravet syndrome phenotype from the North Indian population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

In the present research, physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant properties of Gracilaria corticata (GC) powder were evaluated. The seaweed was found rich in protein (21%) carbohydrate (53.03%) and fat (7.8%). The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry showed among the mineral's calcium (13.987 mg/g) and magnesium (7.48 mg/g) were found to be in higher percent. Three transition peaks were observed as the samples were subjected to DSC (-5.27°C for fat, 82.25°C for carbohydrates, and 98.79°C for proteins). The CHNS analysis demonstrated sulfur content (2.23%) depicts presence of sulfate polysaccharide confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra band at 1235 cm -1 . A significant increase in the swelling capacity (14.26-21 mL/g) and water holding capacity (8.21-9.09 g/g) was observed as the temperature was increased from 25 to 80°C. On the contrary, oil holding capacity decreased significantly from 3.98 to 2.11 g/g with an increase in temperature. Nowadays, the sedentary lifestyle leads to chronic disease; however, the antioxidants derived from plants provide the biochemical defense from free radical formation. The marine-derived algal are good sources of nutrition and antioxidants, being natural sources of GC, the antioxidant activity exhibited by total phenolic content and α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl were found to be (11 mg GAE/g and 18%) inhibition, respectively. The principal phytochemicals profile was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as catechin, coumaric acid, phloroglucinol, and luteolin., (© 2024 Institute of Food Technologists.)

Background and Objectives: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a safe and effective treatment option for hypothalamic hamartomas (HH), but there is no consensus opinion on its timing, dosage, and follow-up. The aim of this study was to define the safety, efficacy, outcome, and complication profile of GKRS in this patient population., Methods: This retrospective multicentric study involved 39 patients with the mean age of 16 ± 14.84 years. Early seizures resulted in an earlier age of diagnosis in 97% of patients. At baseline, no endocrine abnormalities were seen in 75% of patients while 18.9% showed precocious puberty (PP). The median target volume was 0.55 cc (0.1-10.00 cc), and a median margin dose of 16 Gy (8.1-20.0 Gy) was delivered in a single session. All patients were evaluated for clinical, endocrinological, and radiological outcomes., Results: The median follow-up was 5 (0.1-15) years. The median target volume of the cohort was 0.55 (0.35-1.77) cc. The largest HH was of 10 cc. 24/39 (61.5%) were small HH (Regis I-III). At presentation, 94.8% patients suffered from seizures (87.18% with gelastic seizures). 7/39 patients (17.9%) were presented with both PP and epilepsy. Only one (2.6%) patient presented with PP alone. 29 patients had more than 3-year follow-up. All received ≥16 Gy targeting complete HH. 28% of patients showed regression in HH volume. Patients with Regis grade I-III and longer follow-up (>75 months) showed gradual improvement in seizures. 16/29 patients (55.2%) achieved good seizure control (Engel I/II) while 13 (44.8%) were in Engel III/IV status. Nine patients needed adjuvant treatment because of poor seizure control. Eight patients suffered from transient increase in seizures. One patient developed poikilothermia, and 2 patients developed new onset hormonal deficiency., Conclusion: GKRS is a safe and effective modality for treatment of HH with significant improvement in seizure control with minimal disruption of endocrine profile. It provides an excellent safety, efficacy, and complication profile, especially for small HH. Latency of results and its adjuvant nature remain the areas of research and breakthroughs among contemporary treatment options., (Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2024. All rights reserved.)

We present a double-pass bismuth (Bi)-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) providing high-gain wideband amplification from 1330 to 1480 nm. A peak gain of 38 dB with 4.7 dB noise figure (NF) was obtained at 1420 nm for a -23 dBm input signal, with >20 dB gain from 1335 to 1475 nm. We achieved 30  and 21.5 dB peak gains with 122 nm (1341-1463 nm) and 140 nm (1333-1473 nm) 6 dB-gain bandwidth for -10 and 0 dBm input signal, respectively. For a 0 dBm signal, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 23.7%, and the in-band optical-signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) across the wideband BDFA was >44 dB. Also, the absorption and luminescence characteristics have been studied for different Bi-doped phosphosilicate fibers (BPSFs) fabricated in-house.

Lasers stabilized to optical fiber delay lines have been shown to deliver a comparable short-term (<1 s) frequency noise performance to that achieved by lasers stabilized to ultra-low expansion (ULE) cavities, once the linear frequency drift has been removed. However, for continuous stable laser operations, the drift can be removed only when it can be predicted, e.g., when it is linear over very long timescales. To date, such long-term behaviour of the frequency drift in fiber delay lines has not been, to the best of our knowledge, characterised. In this work we experimentally characterise the frequency drift of a laser stabilised to a 500 m-long optical fiber delay line over the course of several days. We show that the drift still follows the temperature variations even when the spool temperature is maintained constant with fluctuations below tens of mK. Consequently, the drift is not linear over long timescales, preventing a simple feed-forward compensation. However, here we show that the drift can be reduced by exploiting the high level of correlation between laser frequency and the fiber temperature. In our demonstration, by applying a frequency correction proportional to temperature readings, a calculated frequency drift of less than 16 Hz/s over the several days of our test was obtained, corresponding to a 23-fold improvement from uncorrected values.

Objective: In the current era of the World Health Organization's Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders 2022-2031 (IGAP), precise and updated estimates of epilepsy burden are vital in formulating policies to improve the care of persons with epilepsy, especially in Asian countries with significant treatment gap. Hence, we aimed to consolidate the available data and quantify epilepsy prevalence and incidence estimates in Asian countries., Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Scopus databases from inception until March 2023 for studies reporting epilepsy prevalence and incidence in Asian countries. We applied random effects meta-analysis to generate the pooled prevalence and incidence using the Meta package in R. Additionally, we performed a subgroup meta-analysis to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the trend of epilepsy over time., Results: A total of 99 studies with 100,654,124 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was 5.6 per 1000 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.4-6.8) for active epilepsy and 6.7 per 1000 (95 % CI 5.7-7.9) for lifetime epilepsy. The pooled incidence rate of epilepsy was 52.5 per 100,000 person-years (95 % CI 42.7-79.4). The subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence of active epilepsy (6.7/1000) and lifetime epilepsy (8.6/1000) in West Asia than in other regions. The funnel plot and Egger's test (p-value =<0.0001) revealed publication bias for active epilepsy., Conclusion: Our findings highlight a high prevalence of active and lifetime epilepsy in West Asia and emphasize the necessity of implementing and formulating specific strategies to tackle the epilepsy burden in this region. Furthermore, high-quality epidemiological studies incorporating economic burdens and comorbidities associated with epilepsy in Asia are still needed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The profile of seizures in neurocutaneous syndromes is variable. We aimed to define the characteristics of epilepsy in children with neurocutaneous syndromes., Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study over 18 months at a tertiary care pediatric hospital, including children with neurocutaneous syndromes aged between 1 and 15 years, using the 2017-International League Against Epilepsy classification., Results: In 119 children with neurocutaneous syndromes, 94 (79%) had epilepsy. In eight children with neurofibromatosis one with epilepsy, 5 (62.5%) had generalized motor tonic-clonic seizures, 1 (12.5%) had generalized motor epileptic spasms, 1 (12.5%) had generalized motor automatism, and 1 (12.5%) had a focal seizure. In 69 children with tuberous sclerosis complex with epilepsy, 30 (43.5%) had generalized motor epileptic spasms, 23 (33.3%) had focal seizures, and nine (13.0%) had generalized motor tonic-clonic seizures. In 14 children with Sturge-Weber syndrome with epilepsy, 13 (92.8%) had focal seizures, and 1 (7.2%) had generalized motor tonic seizures. Statistically significant associations were found between epilepsy and intellectual disability ( P = 0.02) and behavioral problems ( P = 0.00)., Conclusion: Profiling seizures in children with neurocutaneous syndromes are paramount in devising target-specific treatments as the epileptogenesis in each syndrome differs in the molecular pathways leading to the hyperexcitability state. Further multicentric studies are required to unravel better insights into the epilepsy profile of neurocutaneous syndromes., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice.)

The authors examined the prevalence of abnormal amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) patterns in neonates diagnosed with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). They recorded 36626 min of aEEG in 75 study neonates. Encephalopathy was defined by the Brighton Collaboration Neonatal Encephalopathy criteria. Neonates with primary outcome [either non-survivors or survivors with abnormal neurological examination at discharge using Amiel-Tison assessment tool, n = 58, (77%)] were compared with 17 survivors having normal neurological examination at discharge. Severely abnormal aEEG patterns (isoelectric voltage, continuous low voltage, burst suppression) collectively represented 31% of total 36626 min aEEG tracings. Neonates experiencing primary outcome had significantly higher Burdjalov scores than survivors with normal neurological exam (p value 0.01). After adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, and invasive ventilation, severely abnormal aEEG (aOR 5.8, 95% CI 1.7-19.5, p value 0.005) and Burdjalov score (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.95, p value 0.01) were independently associated with death or abnormal neurological examination at discharge., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.)

Objective: The growing prevalence of smartphones may prompt individuals with epilepsy to pursue unfulfilled healthcare requirements through mobile health (mHealth) apps, but the content and quality of these mHealth apps are rarely analysed. Hence, this study aimed to identify and assess the quality of epilepsy apps for patients with epilepsy (PWE), their caregivers, and healthcare practitioners (HCPs) available in the Play Store and App Store of India., Methods: We performed a systematic search on the Google Play Store and Apple App Store of India to identify the mHealth apps for epilepsy which were released and updated till May 2023. The identified applications were downloaded and the quality was assessed using a Mobile app rating scale (MARS) for the overall quality, Aesthetics, Engagement, Functionality, and Information by three independent reviewers. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the interrater reliability between the reviewers. An unpaired t-test was calculated to analyse the difference in mean scores for Android and iOS applications., Results: The systematic search yielded a total of 2518 apps, out of which 26 were selected for inclusion in the study. Among these, 9 apps were compatible with Android, 11 with iOS, and 6 on both platforms. The mean (SD) MARS score of the apps was 3.5 (0.6) and the ICC for the overall app quality was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82-0.96). Overall, apps scored highest in functionality (3.9), followed by aesthetics (3.6), information (3.3), and engagement (3.2). Among the included apps, the overall quality score was found to be higher for iOS apps than Android (MD = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.02 - 1.07; p-value: 0.042)., Conclusion: Our study identified twenty-six mHealth applications for epilepsy that integrated various aspects of epilepsy self-management. The results of this study emphasize the importance of ensuring that current and future applications offer evidence-based information, integrate features that align with patient preferences, and generate evidence regarding the effectiveness of application usage., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None of the authors have any conflict of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to look at the clinical outcomes, and to determine the proportion of children with visual recovery after the first demyelinating event of optic neuritis (ON)., Methodology: In this observational study, children with the first clinical event of optic neuritis at an age less than 18 years were evaluated. High-contrast visual acuity, colour vision, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Anti-MOG and AQP-4 antibodies were assessed., Results: Of the 55 screened, 45 children (77 eyes), median age-98 months, 30 (67%) bilateral were enrolled. Fifty of 77 eyes (67%) had Snellen visual acuity less than 6/60. Twelve children (27%) were MOG seropositive and 3 had AQP-4 positivity. At median follow up of 35 months, 10 (22%) children had one or more relapses. At follow up, the median (IQR) visual acuity improved from nadir of 2.1 (1-2.7) logMAR to 0 (0-0.18) logMAR and 64/77 eyes (83%) had visual recovery. The diagnosis at last follow up was isolated ON in 39/45 (86.6%), relapsing ON (5, 11%), AQP-4 positive NMOSD (3, 7%), MOG antibody associated demyelination (12, 27%), dual seronegative ON (30,67%) and Multiple sclerosis (1, 2%)., Conclusions: Most children with first demyelinating event as ON have a monophasic illness. Despite severe acute-phase visual loss, most eyes with ON will recover good visual functions. The risk of AQP-4 disease and multiple sclerosis is low in this group., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no conflicts or interest or details to share or declare for any of the authors., (© 2024 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To elucidate the electroclinical characteristics of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) and to determine any potential association among these with underlying etiologies and response to therapy., Methods: Sixty-eight, treatment-naive children with IESS underwent long-term video electroencephalogram (EEG) recording, which was used to characterize the semiology, ictal, and inter-ictal EEG patterns. Children were further followed up to assess electroclinical predictors of etiologies and short-term therapeutic response., Results: Of 68 children enrolled (69% boys), the median age at enrollment was 10.5 mo (IQR-8). Eighty-eight percent of children had flexor spasms, followed by mixed (7%) and extensor (4.4%). Asymmetrical spasms were noted in 17.6% children, and all of them had underlying structural etiology. Two children had the status of epileptic spasms. In the present cohort, authors recognized five distinct ictal EEG correlates of epileptic spasms; the frontocentral dominant slow wave was the most prevalent (32%), followed by the generalized slow-wave complex with superimposed fast rhythm in 29.4%. The occipital dominant slow wave complex was a peculiar pattern in 16%. The major underlying etiologies were hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries (36.7%) and neonatal hypoglycemic brain injuries (22%). Besides asymmetric spasms, authors could not identify any significant association among electroclinical characteristics, underlying etiologies and response to therapy in this study., Conclusions: The electroclinical landscape of IESS is peculiar and diverse in developing countries. The presence of asymmetrical spasms indicated underlying structural etiology., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.)

Background: The most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is diabetic nephropathy (DN). Primarilymineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) (spironolactone and eplerenone), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers were used for the treatment of CKD, but due to the high risk of hyperkalaemia, the combination was infrequently used. Currently after approval by FDA in 2021, finerenone was found to be effective in the treatment of CKD. Finerenone slowdowns the progression of diabetic nephropathy and lessens the cardiovascular morbidity in DN patients., Objective: The main objective of this review article is to provide a comprehensive and insightful overview of the role of finerenone by mainly focusing on its pharmacological properties, toxicity, uses, bioanalytical technique used for determination, and treatment options., Materials and Method: Finerenone works by inhibiting the action of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Finerenone is quickly absorbed from the digestive tract after oral treatment and achieves peak plasma concentrations in 1-2 hours., Result: Finerenone is actively metabolized through oxidation, epoxidation substitution, and direct hydroxylation. Elimination of finerenone is done through urine and feces. Determination of finerenone can be done through HPLC-MS and LSC., Conclusion: The present review covers the complete picture of ADME properties, bioanalytical techniques, clinical trials, toxicity, and possible avenues in this arena. Finerenone is effective compared to other mineralocorticoid receptor-like spironolactone and eplerenone, for the treatment of chronic kidney disease., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Bempedoic acid (BEM) belongs to a category of drugs known as Adenosine triphosphate-citrate Lyase (ACL) inhibitors. It is a prodrug with intracellular activation that is administered orally. Bempedoic acid is used to treat existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, mainly hypercholesterolemia., Methods: For the stability-indicating assay, the HPLC method was employed using a Kromasil 100-5-C8 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm), a UV detector set at 230 nm, and a mobile phase comprising a 70:30 v/v mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% Orthophosphoric Acid (OPA) buffer. The method was operated at an ambient temperature with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The method developed has been statistically validated according to ICH guidelines., Results: The stability-indicating method was executed using a Kromasil 100-5-C8 (100 mm × 4.6 mm) column at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. A mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% Orthophosphoric Acid (OPA) buffer in a 70:30 v/v ratio made up the mobile phase. BEM's retention times were discovered to be 1.88 minutes each. The temperature was kept at room temperature. 234 nm was the ideal wavelength for BEM. According to ICH criteria, the approach developed has undergone statistical validation. BEM's % RSD was discovered to be 0.6, respectively. For BEM, the % recovery was determined to be 100.0%. Regression models for bempedoic acid yielded LoD and LoQ values of 3.3 and 10.1 g/mL, respectively. The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with a % RSD less than 2. Studies on forced degradation confirmed the method's capacity to indicate stability in the presence of stress conditions, such as acid, basic, peroxide, UV, heat, and humidity. Both the retention times and the run time were shortened., Conclusion: In accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, this method was successfully tested with HPLC to confirm the chemical structures of newly produced degradation products of bempedoic acid., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: To achieve the goal of improving the quality of life for persons with epilepsy within the framework of the WHO's Intersectoral Global Action Plan (IGAP), our study aimed to assess the societal financial burden linked to infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS), ensuring that children afflicted with IESS receive high-quality healthcare without enduring substantial financial constraints., Methods: Between August 2022 and March 2023, 92 children with IESS (male: female: 2:1), recently diagnosed or previously followed-up, were recruited. We gathered costs for drugs, tests, and medical services, along with legal guardians' monthly income. Total expenditure was determined by multiplying unit costs by the yearly service usage commencing from the onset. Time series analysis was utilised to forecast the financial burden from 2022 to 2032., Results: Clinicians' first choice of treatment was ACTH (n = 60, 65·2%), prednisolone (n = 25, 27·2%), and vigabatrin (n = 7, 7·6%) and the median cost of treatment during the initial year was INR 39,010 [USD 479·2]. The median direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect cost were INR 31,650 [USD 388·4], INR 6581 [USD 80·8], and INR 10,100 [USD 124·07], respectively. Families lost a median of 12 days of work annually. Drug costs and loss of wages were the key factors in the financial burden. The projected and adjusted figures exhibited an incremental growth rate of 2·6% tri-annually., Interpretation: This pioneering study in developing countries, the first of its kind, evaluates the societal cost, financial hardship, and trajectory of incremental cost in IESS. The primary drivers of the financial burden were pharmacological treatment and family work adjustments. The government shoulders 62% of the financial burden, and projected a triannual growth of 2·6% from 2022 to 2032. Our results rationalize policymakers' focus on incorporating IESS into social security programs, particularly in developing countries., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Several studies have been conducted on 4-H chromene compounds because of their intriguing pharmacological and biological properties. Various new natural compounds having a chromene foundation have been reported over the past 20 years., Objective: In the present study, we reported the acute oral toxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking study of the most active 4H-chromene derivative2-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-N-[6-chloro-4-(4- chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4H-chromen-2-yl]-acetamide (A9)., Method: The acute oral toxicity was carried out as per OECD 423 guidelines. For investigating the antioxidant activity, various biochemical parameters in colon tissue like SOD, CAT, MDA, PC and GSH and also enzyme levels, such as ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH, were measured in this experiment., Results: Acute oral toxicity study indicated that the A9 ligand was found to be safer in animals. Additionally, the A9 ligand had significant antioxidant properties at various doses and was not found to be harmful to the liver. Due to its stronger binding energy and the appropriate interactions that induce inhibition, the A9 ligand's antioxidant function was also validated by additional molecular docking research., Conclusion: This compound can be exploited as a lead molecule in further research., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal autoantibody production, inflammation, and organ damage. Most SLE treatment strategies aim to induce remission or reduce disease activity while avoiding flares. Baricitinib has been used effectively to manage various inflammatory diseases, and some randomized controlled trials (RCT) have shown that it is beneficial in treating SLE. The current study aims to assess the efficacy of baricitinib in treating SLE patients., Materials and Methods: Various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct were searched to obtain eligible studies for the present meta-analysis. Data such as baseline characteristics of patients, doses of the baricitinib, follow-up duration, and treatment outcome in the form of SLE responder index-4 (SRI-4) and lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) were extracted. Combined odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and probability values were calculated to study the efficacy of baricitinib in treating SLE patients. A p-value less than .05 was taken as significant. Comprehensive meta-analysis v3 was used for all analyses., Results: Three articles were found eligible for the present meta-analysis comprising 614 patients with placebo, 614 SLE patients receiving 4 mg, and 621 patients with 2 mg of baricitinib. Meta-analysis revealed a beneficial effect of 4 mg baricitinib in SLE patients compared to placebo, as measured by an increase in the SRI-4 (p = .006, OR = 1.370) and LLDAS (p = .083, OR = 1.252) rates. In contrast to the placebo group, however, patients receiving 2 mg of baricitinib exhibited no significant improvement. The trial sequential analysis revealed the need for additional RCTs to determine the role of baricitinib in treating SLE patients., Conclusion: In treating SLE patients, administrating a higher dose of baricitinib (4 mg) may be effective. However, additional RCTs in different populations with larger sample sizes are required to validate our findings., (© 2023 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)