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Background: Recent researches has shown a significant association between microorganisms and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Porphyromonas gingivalis , the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is considered as an important potential etiologic agent of OSCC, but the underlying mechanisms by which P. gingivalis mediates OSCC progression remain poorly understood. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the levels of P. gingivalis in oral potentially malignant disorders, oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa using qRT-PCR. Method and Material: Genomic DNA was extracted and quantified, and the expression of the P. gingivalis levels was done in 16 cases of oral potentially malignant disorders, 16 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 16 cases of normal oral mucosa by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: It was observed that there was an over expression of P. gingivalis in both oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma with good mean cycle threshold (CT) value of 27.00 and 27.55, respectively. When comparing the levels of P. gingivalis in three groups, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) showed higher expression than normal mucosa and in between two groups OSCC showed higher expression than OPMD and the difference is statistically significant with P value less than 0.001. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there is an over expression of P. gingivalis in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma, compared to normal mucosa and highly expressed in OSCCs compared to OPMD. Increased levels of P. gingivalis in OPMDs and OSCCs may suggest the early event of tumorigenesis. Hence, it can be used as a valuable marker for early diagnosis, prognosis marker and in the identification of therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined tumours are those composed of two benign tumours or a benign and malignant tumour or two malignant tumours occurring within the same tumour population. The incidence of combined tumours is very rare. Due to the rarity of these tumours, their biological behaviour remains unlashed. Incisional biopsy of a 48 years old female patient with single, diffuse tumour mass in the oral cavity showed combined tumour or collision tumour of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. This was confirmed with immunohistochemistry study. The incidence of combined tumour of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge based on the previous literature records, this is the first case report of its kind where there is incidence in the human oral cavity., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.)

Introduction: Despite advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, two-thirds of oral cancer patients present with advanced disease, which increases both the morbidity and mortality risk. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are released in the circulation by primary tumours and have been demonstrated to have significant correlations between their occurrence and disease progression., Objectives: To characterize the circulating tumour cells in subjects with histologically diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)., Materials and Methods: This pilot study was undertaken with ten fresh blood samples (6 ml each). Five samples from apparently healthy individuals and five OSCC samples were cultured and subjected to flow cytometric analysis for CD44 expression. Immunostaining was done using CD44 and EpCAM markers., Result: Several cells in OSCC samples showed EpCAM and CD44 positivity following immunostaining. However, flow cytometry performed with CD44 alone was not specific for OSCC samples. Hence, proving that CD44 and EpCAM when used in conjunction can help to characterize CTCs., Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that the demonstration of CTCs is feasible and helps in understanding of disease progression and metastatic risk. Sensitive detection of CTCs from blood samples can serve as an implicit tool in early cancer diagnosis and prognosis through liquid biopsy which in itself is minimally invasive and time-saving., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.)

Aim: This is a cross-sectional comparative study, aimed to quantify the expression of patched (PTCH) gene in ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and also the comparison of both the expressions., Materials and Methods: Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and quantified, and the expression of the PTCH gene was done in 17 cases of ameloblastoma and 17 cases of OKC by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)., Results: It was observed that there was an overexpression of the PTCH gene in both ameloblastoma and OKC with a good mean cycle threshold (CT) value of 32.71 ± 2.432 and 34.69 ± 1.875, respectively. When comparing the PTCH expression between the two, ameloblastoma showed higher expression than the OKC and the difference is statistically significant with P value of 0.025., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there is overexpression of PTCH in ameloblastoma and OKC, but it is highly expressed in ameloblastoma when compared to OKC. Overexpression of PTCH may constitute the activation of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway and may suggest the mechanism for the development of ameloblastoma and OKC. Hence it can be used as a valuable marker for early diagnosis and in the identification of therapeutic targets., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.)