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Every father or mother in the world desires their baby to be healthy. A baby's weight is the most correct indicator of its health. each for the docs and the parents, the baby's anticipated beginning weight falling inside the ordinary vary is a signal that the child is healthy. An anomaly can also be indicated by means of a sizeable departure. Unknowingly or deliberately, it ought to be the end result of a shift in the mother's routines or a trade in the environment. The ethnicity of the parents, their degree of education, the mother's health, and different elements can all make contributions predict the beginning weight. Along with variations in consuming habits and environment, vicinity is additionally crucial. The frequent weight distribution for a unique class of folks can be envisioned the usage of a massive facts set containing these characteristics.

Genotype data from dairy cattle selection programs have greatly facilitated GWAS to identify variants related to economic traits. Results can enhance the accuracy of genomic prediction, analyze more complex models that go beyond additive effects, elucidate the genetic architecture of a trait, and finally, decipher the underlying biology of traits. The entire process, comprising data generation, quality control, statistical analyses, interpretation of association results, and linking results to biology should be designed and executed to minimize the generation of false-positive and false-negative associations and misleading links to biological processes. This review aims to provide general guidelines for data analysis that address data quality control, association tests, adjustment for population stratification, and significance evaluation to improve the reliability of conclusions. We also provide guidance on post-GWAS strategy and the interpretation of results. These guidelines are tailored to dairy cattle, which are characterized by long-range linkage disequilibrium, large half-sib families, and routinely collected phenotypes, requiring different approaches than those applied in human GWAS. We discuss common limitations and challenges that have been overlooked in the analysis and interpretation of GWAS to identify candidate sequence variants in dairy cattle.

By its paternal transmission, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male-mediated introgression. We used whole-genome sequences (WGSs) of 386 domestic goats from 75 modern breeds and 7 wild goat species generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated five domestic haplogroups Y1AA, Y1AB, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B. Haplogroup distributions for 180 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks during the migration into northern Europe, southern Asia and Africa. Sharing of haplogroups reveals male-mediated introgressions: from Asia into Madagascar and, more recently, into the South-African Boer goat; then from this breed into other southeastern African goats; and from Europe into native Korean and Ugandan goats. This study illustrates the power of the Y-chromosomal variation for the reconstructing the history of domestic species with a wide geographic range.

Menstruation is a physiological, natural event in the reproductive stage of the female. Due to a sedentary lifestyle and lack of self-care, stress, untimely food and other factors, many gynaecological problems occur and one of the most common among them is Dysmenorrhea. Painful menstruation is the most common cause which disturbs the mental state of the woman also affecting her day to day activities during the cycle. Pain is the Pratyatma Lak- shana of Vata vikruti mentioned in Ayurveda. Artava Nishkramana is the normal function of Apana vayu which moves in Pratiloma gati and obstructs the pathway of Artava. In our Classics, most of the gynaecological prob- lems are discussed under Yonivyapat. Udavartini Yonivyapat can be co-related and defined as painful menstrua- tion i.e. Dysmenorrhea. Considering the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in the present era, the trial drug Vrikshamlatwak kashaya which possess the properties such as Shoolprashamana and Vatahara was selected to evaluate its effect in the management of Udavartini yonivyapat. Objectives: To compare and evaluate the effect of Vriksham- la Twak kashaya and Dashamoola kashaya in Udavarthini yonivyapat w.r.s primary dysmenorrhea. Methodolo- gy: This research work was a randomized comparative clinical study of 40 patients suffering from symptoms of Udavartini Yonivyapat, who were randomly selected and categorized into 2 groups of 20 patients each. Group A was treated with Vrikshamla Twak kashaya and group B with Dashamoola Kashaya. Both Kashayas were given in Apanakaala (before food) with Sukhoshna Jala as Anupana. Duration of Treatment: 10 days (Starting 7days before the commencement of cycle till 3rd day of the menstrual cycle) for 3 consecutive cycles. Results and In- terpretation- Both the groups showed statistically significant results. Statistically, there was no significant differ- ence between the groups. Conclusion: Both Vrikshamla Twak kashaya and Dashamoola Kashaya had an equal effect in treating Udavartini Yonivyapat. Keywords: Udavartini, Dysmenorrhea, Vrikshamla Twak Kashaya, Dashamoola kashaya.

By their paternal transmission, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male-mediated introgression. Previous studies identified biallelic single-nucleotide variants in the SRY, ZFY and DDX3Y genes, which in domestic goats identified four major Y-chromosomal haplotypes, Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, with a marked geographical partitioning. Here, we extracted goat Y-chromosomal variants from whole-genome sequences of 386 domestic goats (75 breeds) and seven wild goat species, which were generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated domestic haplogroups corresponding to Y1B, Y2A and Y2B, respectively, whereas Y1A is split into Y1AA and Y1AB. All five haplogroups were detected in 26 ancient DNA samples from southeast Europe or Asia. Haplotypes from present-day bezoars are not shared with domestic goats and are attached to deep nodes of the trees and networks. Haplogroup distributions for 186 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks and expansions during migrations into northern Europe, eastern and southern Asia, and Africa south of the Sahara. In addition, sharing of haplogroups indicates male-mediated introgressions, most notably an early gene flow from Asian goats into Madagascar and the crossbreeding that in the 19th century resulted in the popular Boer and Anglo-Nubian breeds. More recent introgressions are those from European goats into the native Korean goat population and from Boer goat into Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe. This study illustrates the power of the Y-chromosomal variants for reconstructing the history of domestic species with a wide geographical range.

By its paternal transmission, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male-mediated introgression. We used whole-genome sequences (WGSs) of 386 domestic goats from 75 modern breeds and 7 wild goat species generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated five domestic haplogroups Y1AA, Y1AB, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B. Haplogroup distributions for 180 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks during the migration into northern Europe, southern Asia and Africa. Sharing of haplogroups reveals male-mediated introgressions: from Asia into Madagascar and, more recently, into the South-African Boer goat ; then from this breed into other southeastern African goats ; and from Europe into native Korean and Ugandan goats. This study illustrates the power of the Y-chromosomal variation for the reconstructing the history of domestic species with a wide geographic range.

Introduction The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the offline smart phone-based Medios artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using non-mydriatic (NM) retinal images. Methods This cross-sectional study prospectively enrolled 922 individuals with diabetes mellitus. NM retinal images (disc and macula centered) from each eye were captured using the Remidio NM fundus-on-phone (FOP) camera. The images were run offline and the diagnosis of the AI was recorded (DR present or absent). The diagnosis of the AI was compared with the image diagnosis of five retina specialists (majority diagnosis considered as ground truth). Results Analysis included images from 900 individuals (252 had DR). For any DR, the sensitivity and specificity of the AI algorithm was found to be 83.3% (95% CI 80.9% to 85.7%) and 95.5% (95% CI 94.1% to 96.8%). The sensitivity and specificity of the AI algorithm in detecting referable DR (RDR) was 93% (95% CI 91.3% to 94.7%) and 92.5% (95% CI 90.8% to 94.2%). Conclusion The Medios AI has a high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of RDR using NM retinal images.

IGuide is a travel aid to help visually impaired to provide obstacle free path, wet floor detection and live location of the user. A few specialists created electronic ‘travel helps’ to help and improve speed and versatility of an individual who is outwardly hindered. IGuide is one of the electronic ‘travel helps’ that gives client wellbeing and organized data through material and sound criticism instruments. The objective of the IGuide system is to offer simplified information of the surrounding environment to the user and to deduce prioritized information without causing information overloading. The device comprises of a low power embedded system with ultrasonic sensors, APR module, Wi-Fi module vibration motors, and a battery. Furthermore, we are including a Wi-Fi module which helps in providing live location of the user in case of emergency. Evaluation of the IGuide on people with visual impairments has shown effectiveness and usefulness irrespective of the number of years of blindness., {"references":["A Aladrn, G Lpez-Nicols, L Puig, JJ Guerrero (Sep. 2016),\"Navigation assistance for the visually impaired usingRGB-D sensor with range expansion\",IEEE Syst. J., Volume 10, Issue 3, pp. 922–932","Available: https://www.perkins.org/stories/10-fascinating-facts-about-the-white-cane","S Bhatlawande, M Mahadevappa, J Mukherjee, M Biswas, D Das, S Gupta (2014), \"Design, development, and clinical evaluation of the electronic mobility cane for vision rehabilitation\",IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng., Volume 22, Issue 6, pp. 1148–1159","Kailas Patil, Qaidjohar Jawadwala, Felix Che Shu (Feb. 2018), \"Design and Construction of Electronic Aid for Visually Impaired People\",IEEE Trans. on humanmachine system,Volume 48, Issue 2, pp.17617471","PBL Meijer (1992), \"An experimental system for auditory image representations\",IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Volume 39, Issue 2, pp. 112–121"]}

The objective of the present study was to development, characterization and evaluation of colon specific microspheres of Budesonide. To achieve these objective nine formulations of microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method using Eudragit RS100 and Kollicoat MAE 100 P polymer. Prepared microspheres were evaluated for Particle size analysis, Surface morphology, Differential scanning calorimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction studies, Drug encapsulation efficiency, In-vitro drug release study and Stability study. The microspheres formed have smooth surface and spherical shape as observed in scanning electron microscopy. The drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) of the formulation is in the range of 82.44% to 90.69%.Particle size increases with increasing concentration of polymer, particle size ranging from 4.892µm to 5.16µm. The Drug-polymer compatibility was studied by using FTIR spectroscopy. The study revealed that there is no interaction between the selected drug and polymers. Differential scanning colorimetry analysis of prepared microspheres indicates that there is no interaction between the drug and polymers. X-ray diffractograms of prepared microspheres indicates that the drug is amorphously dispersed in the formulation and enhances the dissolution of the drug. The drug release study was done in simulated gastrointestinal fluids for 2 hrs in gastric fluid (pH 1.2), for 3 hrs in intestinal fluids (pH 6.8) and up to 24hrs in Colonic fluids (pH 7.4) and has shown that the drug was protected from being released in the physiological environment of the stomach and small intestine and efficiency released in Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (colonic pH). The results showed maximum amount of drug accumulation in colonic pH. Drug release mechanism followed non-Fickian transport. The formulations were found to be stable in short term stability studies. Keywords:- Budesonide, Colon specific, controlled release, Eudragit RS 100, Kollicoat MAE 100P.