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Background Maternal health is a globally important health challenge and is the key indicator of healthcare services in any given region. One of the main objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 1-lakh live births. Most data on maternal mortality are collected and analysed on global, national and subnational levels and regional levels are lacking. Anaemia is one of the major causes of maternal death in India and its data visualisation using geospatial mapping plays a significant role in addressing the emerging need for improved spatial investigation. Geospatial studies of maternal mortality can help policy-makers to prioritise resources by pinpointing geographical areas for implementation.Methodology Spatial data analysis is effectively used in assessing the spatial distribution of maternal deaths, which are attributed to anaemia as a risk factor for maternal deaths. The data on maternal deaths in Karnataka were acquired and analysed at district level for the years 2017–2022 and thematic maps were generated in geographical information system environment. Further, areal interpolation analysis was explored in deriving the layers that predict the underlying risk of maternal deaths attributed to anaemia in the present study using the available data.Results Five out of 30 districts showed more than 10% of maternal deaths attributed to anaemia during 2017–2020 while these numbers were increased to 10 during 2020–2021 and later reduced to 6 districts during 2021–2022. Areal interpolation revealed the highest risk areas of maternal deaths attributed to anaemia in Karnataka for the past 5 years (2017–2018 to 2021–2022).Conclusion Study concluded that by providing a spatial perspective, geospatial analysis has the potential to transform maternal healthcare. Anaemia-related maternal deaths can be minimised by providing specific interventions among disadvantaged women in the Karnataka region.

Introduction India is a developing country with a rising need to recruit a good workforce.With the current education system in India, there is still doubt regarding the employability of students as well as the pass outs. Major factor influencing this is that the present education system doesn't expose students to a professional job outside, and hence, once they pass out, they have less skills and experience to begin with. Methodology It is a cross sectional study for a duration of 3 months. It is a self-structured, questionnaire which was circulated. A sample size of 163, from students of all branches, was reached. The data was collected, and analysed with SPSS. Frequencies and chi-square was done. Results Most of the participants were studying medical(87.1%). There was significant association between employment and feeling tensed, between branch and comfort in making decisions for myself and between branch and leading balanced life. Conclusion We would like to say that an open employment programme for students >18 years, is the need of the hour. It will help in realising and tapping into the new ideas and desires with the zest of youthful energy. It will help the overall economy of the community, as most of the students will be employed first time and will be a part of the new economy which will take shape in the future.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Micronutrient malnutrition remains a huge public health problem, with the main issues lying with the lack of diet diversity, either lack or less of animal products, sparse amount of fruits and vegetables. Fruits are a very good source of vitamins and minerals to help in the growth and development of the child. There are a lot of implementation hurdles at the ground level. Hence there is a need for further exploration of the role of fruits and dietary diversity on the growth and development of the children. Methodology: The study is an interventional study, conducted over 3 months. There was a systematic random sampling performed. A total of 60 participants, were taken out of which 30 were given the intervention. The assessment was conducted through anthropometry and semi-structured questionnaire. Results: When asked about their reluctance to include fruits in their diet, 58.3% did not prioritise it in their daily diet, while the rest found it expensive to buy it. There was a significant difference in the height and MUAC between the groups and that had no influence on the intervention. There was a slight increase in height over the three months in the interventional groups. Conclusion: Malnutrition is not a single-factor disease but happens because of many factors which include, education, income, environment and nutritional awareness among mothers and families. Fruits are a major component in the diet and have to be included by the family for the children to improve their basic anthropometry and also more functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: One of the most promising and accessible technologies for household water treatment is biosand filtration. The biosand filter is an intermittently operated slow sand filter at little scales. In this investigation, a series of laboratory scale was conducted by introducing a 10 cm thick layer of iron oxide coated gravel with three layers of underdrain were utilized to remove conductivity, turbidity, hardness, manganese, E. coli, total coliform, faecal coliform from the kabini river water and ground water. The experiments were performed to analyse the performance of the modified biosand filter with household biosand filter as far as their decrease in evacuating under various working conditions. For BSF, the removal efficiencies were found to be 83.3-81.8% for turbidity, 55.6-50.2% for hardness, 40.4-55.67% for manganese, 95-98% for Escherichia coli CFU/mL,80-75% for faecal coliforms. The removal efficiencies of MBSF were found to be 60.6-70.2% for turbidity, 40.2-50.2% for hardness, 40.5-30.3% for manganese, 98.3-99.2% for Escherichia coli CFU/mL,85.3-80.1% for faecal coliforms. The initial concentration of kabini river water for turbidity 19±1.2 NTU; hardness 430±30; manganese 0.22±0.2; Escherichia coli 3850±736 CFU/mL; faecal coliforms 380±45 MPN/100 mL; pH 7.64±0.4 and ground water for turbidity 12±4.3 NTU; hardness 360±30; manganese 0.18±0.2; Escherichia coli 3850±736 CFU/mL; faecal coliforms 240±45 MPN/100 mL; pH 7.36±0.3.

A 60-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue. Imaging revealed a pancreatic mass, bilateral pleural effusion, ascites, and lytic bony lesions. Investigations confirmed multiple myeloma with lambda light chain disease. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan demonstrated extensive metabolically active soft tissue masses involving the pancreatic region, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, paravertebral regions, and multiple skeletal lesions with extraosseous soft tissue involvement, along with bilateral pleural effusions with metabolically active pleural and extrapleural deposits. The patient was initiated on a bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone chemotherapy regimen with therapeutic thoracentesis for pleural effusion management. After two cycles, the patient showed remarkable clinical improvement. A repeat PET-CT scan revealed significant interval regression of soft tissue masses, metabolic activity resolution, and regression of pleural and extrapleural deposits. The extensive skeletal lytic lesions showed morphological stability but regression of associated metabolic activity and extraosseous soft tissue. This case highlights the potential of novel agent-based regimens in achieving exceptional responses in multiple myeloma patients with extensive extramedullary disease (EMD), including uncommon manifestations like pleural effusion. Early recognition and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy are crucial for improving outcomes in such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Among medical students, sleep is subjected to various obstacles such as curriculum and postings. Sleep is also influenced by sociodemographic factors but the intersectionality theory shows that multiple social factors within a person can influence health and behavior. Rural postings are another factor. We aim to explore the above in the study. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study done among 199 medical students across the country. We used a standardized Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and analyzed the data using SPSS software. The Chi-square test for associations between various demographic factors and sleep indicators. Results: About 71.9% of the participants were interns. Only 37.2% of the participants reported good sleep in rural areas. There was a statistical significance between sleep quality and the duration it takes to fall asleep, waking up in the middle of the night, and duration of stay in rural areas. Conclusion: Good sleep is a crucial factor in keeping the human body working efficiently and functioning well. The main issues such as hectic academic schedules, lack of infrastructure, and flexibility in their allowances, especially during their residency, training will help to improve their sleep and in turn their quality of work. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Patient care, Practice-based learning and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Growing evidence suggests that prolonged uninterrupted sitting can be detrimental to health. Much sedentary behaviour research is reliant on self-reports of sitting time, and sitting-reduction interventions often focus on reducing motivation to sit. These approaches assume that people are consciously aware of their sitting time. Drawing on Action Identification Theory, this paper argues that people rarely identify the act of sitting as ‘sitting’ per se, and instead view it as an incidental component of more meaningful and purposeful typically-seated activities. Methods Studies 1 and 2 explored whether people mentioned sitting in written descriptions of actions. Studies 3–5 compared preferences for labelling a typically desk-based activity as ‘sitting’ versus alternative action identities. Studies 6 and 7 used card-sort tasks to indirectly assess the prioritisation of ‘sitting’ relative to other action descriptions when identifying similar actions. Results Participants rarely spontaneously mentioned sitting when describing actions (Studies 1–2), and when assigning action labels to a seated activity, tended to offer descriptions based on higher-order goals and consequences of action, rather than sitting or other procedural elements (Studies 3–5). Participants primarily identified similarities in actions based not on sitting, but on activities performed while seated (e.g. reading; Studies 6–7). Conclusion ‘Sitting’ is a less accessible cognitive representation of seated activities than are representations based on the purpose and implications of seated action. Findings suggest that self-report measures should focus on time spent in seated activities, rather than attempting to measure sitting time via direct recall. From an intervention perspective, findings speak to the importance of targeting behaviours that entail sitting, and of raising awareness of sitting as a potential precursor to attempting to reduce sitting time.

Background: Children are the most important assets to any country; their physical, mental, and emotional developments are crucial for future as they become citizens. Mothers' knowledge on nutrition for kids plays a vital role in the health of the children. Regular interventions as counseling or discussions with the mothers will be an effective tool to counter under nutrition, malnutrition, and also micronutrient deficiencies. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of nutritional awareness in child diet among the mothers of under five in anganwadis in Mysuru with pre- and post-awareness. Materials and Methods: It is a quasi-experimental study for a duration of 3 months. The sample size was 35, with convenient sampling, and the data were collected using a semi-structured, validated questionnaire from mothers whose children are enrolled in anganwadis. The data were analyzed using mean, Chi-square/ Fischer test using SPSS version 22. Results: The mean score before and after awareness was 6.26 ± 0.701, and the post score was 6.83 ± 0.618. There was a significant association between birth order of the child enrolled and the post-awareness grades. There was also a statistical significance between mean scores of pre- and post-awareness. Conclusion: We can conclude from the above study that regular and objectified communication with the mothers is an effective strategy for the improvement of their awareness regarding child nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]