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543 results on '"Sahakian, B. J."'

3. Imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in brain injury in the ICU

Author

Pickard, J. D., Hutchinson, P. J., Coles, J. P., Steiner, L. A., Johnston, A. J., Fryer, T. D., Coleman, M. R., Smielewski, P., Chatfield, D. A., Aigbirhio, F., Williams, G. B., Rice, K., Clark, J. C., Salmond, C. H., Sahakian, B. J., Bradley, P. G., Carpenter, T. A., Salvador, R., Pena, A., Gillard, J. H., Cunningham, A. S., Piechnik, S., Czosnyka, M., Menon, D. K., Steiger, H. -J., editor, Poon, Wai S., editor, Chan, Matthew T. V., editor, Goh, Keith Y. C., editor, Lam, Joseph M. K., editor, Ng, Stephanie C. P., editor, Marmarou, Anthony, editor, Avezaat, Cees J. J., editor, Pickard, John D., editor, Czosnyka, Marek, editor, Hutchinson, Peter J. A., editor, and Katayama, Yoichi, editor

Published
2005
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13. Hot and cold cognitive disturbances in antidepressant-free patients with major depressive disorder:a NeuroPharm study

Author

Dam, V H, Stenbæk, D S, Köhler-Forsberg, K, Ip, C, Ozenne, B, Sahakian, B J, Knudsen, G M, Jørgensen, M. B., Frøkjær, V G, Dam, V H, Stenbæk, D S, Köhler-Forsberg, K, Ip, C, Ozenne, B, Sahakian, B J, Knudsen, G M, Jørgensen, M. B., and Frøkjær, V G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cognitive disturbances are common and disabling features of major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous studies provide limited insight into the co-occurrence of hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognitive disturbances in MDD. Therefore, we here map both hot and cold cognition in depressed patients compared to healthy individuals.METHODS: We collected neuropsychological data from 92 antidepressant-free MDD patients and 103 healthy controls. All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing hot cognition including emotion processing, affective verbal memory and social cognition as well as cold cognition including verbal and working memory and reaction time.RESULTS: The depressed patients showed small to moderate negative affective biases on emotion processing outcomes, moderate increases in ratings of guilt and shame and moderate deficits in verbal and working memory as well as moderately slowed reaction time compared to healthy controls. We observed no correlations between individual cognitive tasks and depression severity in the depressed patients. Lastly, an exploratory cluster analysis suggested the presence of three cognitive profiles in MDD: one characterised predominantly by disturbed hot cognitive functions, one characterised predominantly by disturbed cold cognitive functions and one characterised by global impairment across all cognitive domains. Notably, the three cognitive profiles differed in depression severity.CONCLUSION: We identified a pattern of small to moderate disturbances in both hot and cold cognition in MDD. While none of the individual cognitive outcomes mapped onto depression severity, cognitive profile clusters did. Overall cognition-based stratification tools may be useful in precision medicine approaches to MDD.

Published
2021

14. Understanding the relationship between cognitive performance and function in daily life after traumatic brain injury

Author

Wilson, L, Horton, L, Kunzmann, K, Sahakian, B, Newcombe, V, Stamatakis, E, Von Steinbuechel, N, Cunitz, K, Covic, A, Maas, A, Van Praag, D, Menon, D, Citerio, G, Wilson L., Horton L., Kunzmann K., Sahakian B. J., Newcombe V. F. J., Stamatakis E. A., Von Steinbuechel N., Cunitz K., Covic A., Maas A., Van Praag D., Menon D., Citerio G., Wilson, L, Horton, L, Kunzmann, K, Sahakian, B, Newcombe, V, Stamatakis, E, Von Steinbuechel, N, Cunitz, K, Covic, A, Maas, A, Van Praag, D, Menon, D, Citerio, G, Wilson L., Horton L., Kunzmann K., Sahakian B. J., Newcombe V. F. J., Stamatakis E. A., Von Steinbuechel N., Cunitz K., Covic A., Maas A., Van Praag D., Menon D., and Citerio G.

Abstract

Objective Cognitive impairment is a key cause of disability after traumatic brain injury (TBI) but relationships with overall functioning in daily life are often modest. The aim is to examine cognition at different levels of function and identify domains associated with disability. Methods 1554 patients with mild-to-severe TBI were assessed at 6 months post injury on the Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOSE), the Short Form-12v2 and a battery of cognitive tests. Outcomes across GOSE categories were compared using analysis of covariance adjusting for age, sex and education. Results Overall effect sizes were small to medium, and greatest for tests involving processing speed (I • p 2 0.057-0.067) and learning and memory (I • p 2 0.048-0.052). Deficits in cognitive performance were particularly evident in patients who were dependent (GOSE 3 or 4) or who were unable to participate in one or more major life activities (GOSE 5). At higher levels of function (GOSE 6-8), cognitive performance was surprisingly similar across categories. There were decreases in performance even in patients reporting complete recovery without significant symptoms. Medium to large effect sizes were present for summary measures of cognition (I • p 2 0.111), mental health (I • p 2 0.131) and physical health (I • p 2 0.252). Conclusions This large-scale study provides novel insights into cognitive performance at different levels of disability and highlights the importance of processing speed in function in daily life. At upper levels of outcome, any influence of cognition on overall function is markedly attenuated and differences in mental health are salient.

Published
2021

39. Imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in brain injury in the ICU

Author

Pickard, J. D., primary, Hutchinson, P. J., additional, Coles, J. P., additional, Steiner, L. A., additional, Johnston, A. J., additional, Fryer, T. D., additional, Coleman, M. R., additional, Smielewski, P., additional, Chatfield, D. A., additional, Aigbirhio, F., additional, Williams, G. B., additional, Rice, K., additional, Clark, J. C., additional, Salmond, C. H., additional, Sahakian, B. J., additional, Bradley, P. G., additional, Carpenter, T. A., additional, Salvador, R., additional, Pena, A., additional, Gillard, J. H., additional, Cunningham, A. S., additional, Piechnik, S., additional, Czosnyka, M., additional, and Menon, D. K., additional

Published
2005
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